This dissertation investigates various topics concerning the interpretation of determiner phrases and their connection to individual entities. The first chapter looks at a phenomenon called telescoping, in which a quantificational expression appears to bind a pronominal form across sentence boundaries, at odds with commonly assumed and well motivated constraints on binding. I investigate the limited circumstances under which telescoping is available and argue that the mechanism that makes it available should respect said locality constraints. In particular, I argue that the impression of co-variation arises not because of binding by the initial quantificational expression, but because an of independent, albeit unpronounced, quantificational operator in the second sentence. I will show cases where the domains of these two quantificational operators are independent, incompatible with approaches that assume a single operator. This result also entails that no reference to constructed individuals, e.g. prototypical or average individuals is needed. In the second chapter, I look at the German lexical item lauter and argue that DPs headed by lauter are purely predicational. After presenting an overview of the various kinds of interpretations that a DP can receive, and some discussion objecting to the idea of treating these as cases of lexical ambiguity, I show data that illustrate that lauter DPs cannot receive many of these interpretations. At the end of the chapter, I speculate about ways in which purely predicative DPs may appear and be interpreted in some, but not all, positions that arguments typically occupy, resulting in a restricted distribution and less freedom in the range of interpretations. In the last chapter, I look at an instance of a semantically complex determiner, the English item any. Instead of adding to the discussion based on an investigation of any, I propose that this hidden semantic complexity has a transparent reflex in German, where the lexical item überhaupt spells out a logically independent part of the proposed meaning of any, namely its domain widening meaning.

Telescoping sums very naturally lead to probability distributions on ℤ+. But are these distributions typically cosmetic and devoid of motivation? In this paper we give three examples of 'first occurrence' distributions, each defined by telescoping sums, and each arising from concrete questions about the structure of permutations.

Cette thèse traite de problèmes d'intégration symbolique en calcul formel. L'objectif principal est de mettre au point des algorithmes permettant de calculer rapidement des fonctions qui sont présentées sous la forme d'intégrales de contour dépendant d'un paramètre.On commence par aborder le problème du calcul de l'intégrale d'une fraction rationnelle bivariée par rapport à l'une de ses variables. Le résultat est alors une fonction algébrique qui s'exprime comme une somme de résidus de l'intégrande. On met au point deux algorithmes qui calculent efficacement un polynôme annulateur pour chacun des résidus, et ensuite pour la somme, ce qui donne accès à un polynôme annulateur pour l'intégrale elle-même.Ces algorithmes s'appliquent presque directement au calcul d'un polynôme annulateur pour la diagonale d'une fraction rationnelle bivariée, c'est-à-dire la série univariée obtenue à partir du développement en série d'une fraction rationnelle bivariée en ne gardant que les coefficients diagonaux. En effet, ces diagonales peuvent s'écrire comme des intégrales de fractions rationnelles. Dans une autre application, on donne un nouvel algorithme pour le développement des séries génératrices de plusieurs familles de marches unidimensionnelles sur les entiers. Il repose sur une analyse fine des tailles des équations algébriques et différentielles satisfaites par ces séries.Dans un second temps, on s'intéresse au calcul de l'intégrale d'un terme mixte hypergéométrique et hyperexponentiel. Cette fois-ci le résultat est une suite polynomialement récursive. On élabore une méthode pour mettre sous forme normale les divers décalages d'un terme donné. Ceci permet d'appliquer la méthode du télescopage créatif par réductions pour calculer efficacement une récurrence à coefficients polynomiaux satisfaite par l'intégrale. / In this thesis, we provide solutions to some symbolic integration problems in computer algebra. The main objective is to effectively and efficiently compute functions that appear as contour integrals depending on one parameter.First, we consider the computation of the integral of a bivariate rational function with regard to one of the variables. The result is then an algebraic function that can be expressed as a sum of residues of the integrand. We design two algorithms that efficiently compute an annihilating polynomial for each residue, and then for their sum, which yields an annihilating polynomial for the integral itself.These algorithms apply almost directly to the computation of an annihilating polynomial for the diagonal of a rational function, that is, the univariate power series obtained from the expansion of a bivariate rational function by only keeping the diagonal coefficients. Indeed, these diagonals can be written as integrals of rational functions. In another application, we give a new algorithm for the Taylor expansion of the generating functions for several families of unidimensional lattice walks. It relies on a fine analysis of the sizes of the algebraic and differential equations satisfied by these generating functions.Secondly, we consider integrals of mixed hypergeometric and hyperexponential terms. In this case, the result is a polynomially recursive sequence. We devise a method to rewrite the various shifts of a given term under a normal form. This allows us to apply the method of reduction-based creative telescoping in order to efficiently compute a recurrence with polynomial coefficients for the integral.

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This paper investigates four important methods of solving summation and product problems in mathematics competitions. Chapter 1 presents the basic concepts of sequence and series, including arithmetic sequence (series), geometric sequence (series) and infinite geometric sequence (series). Chapter 2 handles the binomial coefficients and binomial theorem and show they how can be applied to compute series sum. Chapter 3 deals with power series, including interchanging summation and differentiation; interchanging summation and integration; and generating function which expresses a sequence as coefficients arising from a power series in variables. Chapter 4 provides four methods of telescoping sum, including antidifference, partial fractions, trigonometric functions, and factorial functions. Chapter 5 discusses the telescoping product which the main ideas and techniques are analogous to telescoping sum. Two types of telescoping product including difference of two squares and trigonometric functions are investigated.

Cette thèse traite des processus psychiques en jeu lors de l’éveil de coma, nommés par l’auteur travail de l'éveil.Elle s’appuie sur une expérience de travail clinique auprès de patients, pendant la période de coma et lors de leur éveil, sur la durée de leur hospitalisation en réanimation adulte.Elle propose de penser le coma et l'éveil comme processus, et non comme état, engendrant des mouvements psychiques et corporels, nécessitant un accompagnement constant et ne pouvant être pensés hors des lieux dans lesquels ils se déroulent. En découle une construction théorico-clinique d’une méthodologie du positionnement du psychologue clinicien chercheur dans une unité de soin somatique très médicalisée.Dans ce travail, il est question de la reprise des processus de symbolisation lors de l'éveil du patient dans un processus d'échoïsation au fonctionnement du service.Le modèle ainsi dégagé souligne la nécessité de penser l'éveil de coma sous l'angle de la subjectivité et de l'intersubjectivité, au travers de la rencontre et du tressage des éléments somatiques, psychiques et énergétiques, sur la scène d’un service de réanimation, et ouvre sur trois voies : l’éveil, l’état végétatif chronique et ses différentes déclinaisons, ou la mort.Le coma est ici considéré comme faisant partie du parcours du patient, de son histoire de vie, et non comme une rupture de la continuité.Le modèle proposé attire particulièrement l’attention sur la question des stimuli, de l’historicisation, du délire, du fond hallucinatoire du psychisme et du rapport à l’autre dans sa dimension de sujet comme vecteurs de l’éveil dans une double composante : éveil vers la vie ou éveil vers la mort. / This thesis adresses the psychic processes that take place during the awakening from coma, named by the author “Work of awakening”. It is based on a work experience in a clinic, with patients in a state of coma and in the phase of their awakening, during their hospitalization period in adult intensive care. It proposes to think the coma and the awakening as a process, and not as a state, that can generate psychic and physical movements, that necessitate a constant assistance and that cannot be thought outside the places where they happen. From there can be elaborated a theoretical and clinical methodology of the role of the clinical psychologist researcher in a very medicalized unit of somatic care.This work deals with the re-start of processes of symbolisation during the awakening, in a an echoing process to the functionning of the departement. The model proposed in this work therefore underlines the necessity to consider the awakening from coma from a subjective and intersubjective point of view, through the meeting and the linking of somatic, psychic and energy elements during the reanimation. It opens to three possible paths : the awakening, the chronic vegetative state and its various declinations, or death. Coma is considered here as part of the patient’s life and not as a rupture in continuity. The model proposed draws attention in particular to the issues of stimuli, of historicisation, of delirium, of the hallucinatory depth of psychism and of the relation to the other in its dimension of subject, as vectors to the awakening either towards life or death.

Aerial lifts are used to elevate people and material to high heights. There are many different types of aerial lifts which have vastly different dynamics characteristics. Thus, a new categorization for aerial lifts was created and organizes them by their kinematics. Many accidents occur while using aerial lifts. Hazards of aerial lifts and current solutions to those hazards were reviewed to understand the causes of the accidents. Some major accidents are due to the complex dynamics and flexibility of aerial lifts, such as oscillations and tip-overs. Oscillations of full-size aerial lifts were experimentally tested to determine frequencies in different configurations. Machine-motion induced oscillations of an articulating aerial lift were simulated and analyzed for both non-overcenter and overcenter configurations. Input shaping was used to achieve reduction in machine-motion induced oscillations. Tip-over stability margin was used to simulate and analyze the stability of both non-overcenter and overcenter configurations. The effect of increased platform mass on tip-over stability margin was also analyzed. The results in this thesis are a categorization of aerial lifts including their hazards and methods of reducing those hazards, an experimental verification of the dynamic response of full-size aerial lifts, a fully dynamic tip-over prediction model of double-boom articulating aerial lift by applying flexibility in the joints and realistic velocity profiles, and a detailed study of the dynamics of a double-boom articulating aerial lift.