Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Silveira Serralvo.pdf: 912605 bytes, checksum: 5987c49d6d523e5da2b49c5b9ab6b17b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work, based on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) studies, intends to investigate how the participants of a television political debate create a favorable image for themselves, and, at the same time, put in check the adversary s positive image. Based on the tridimensional model idealized by Fairclough (2001), we analyze the argumentative strategies used by the candidates to construct their ethos and to deconstruct the opponent s ethos. Moreover, we observe, as well, how the candidates divide their time between these two strategies, in other words, if there is a balance or the predominance of one. Our units of analysis are the oral texts of the candidates for president in 2006, Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), during the last debate aired by TV Globo. The hypothesis is that the place taken by each candidate, in the context in which the debate is inserted (situation versus opposition), determines the posture adopted in their speech. Corpus analysis enabled to conclude that, in general, Lula has devoted more time to work his own image than to deconstruct the opponent s; Alckmin, on the other hand, spent more time deconstructing his rival s ethos than constructing his own / O presente trabalho fundamenta-se nos estudos da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD) e tem como objetivo verificar de que maneira os participantes de um debate político televisivo constroem para si uma imagem favorável, ao mesmo tempo em que colocam em xeque a imagem positiva de seu adversário. Com base no modelo tridimensional idealizado por Fairclough (2001), analisamos quais são as estratégias argumentativas utilizadas pelos candidatos para a construção de seu ethos e para a desconstrução do ethos de seu oponente. Além disso, buscamos ainda observar de que maneira os candidatos dividem seu tempo entre essas duas estratégias, ou seja, se há um equilíbrio ou a predominância de uma delas. Compõem nossas unidades de análise os textos orais dos candidatos à Presidência da República no ano de 2006, Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB) e Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), durante o último debate veiculado pela TV Globo. A hipótese é de que o lugar que cada candidato ocupa no contexto em que está inserido o debate (situação versus oposição) determina a postura adotada em seu discurso. A análise do corpus permitiu observar que, no geral, Lula dedicou tempo maior para trabalhar sua própria imagem do que para desconstruir a do adversário; Alckmin, ao contrário, voltou-se mais frequentemente à desconstrução do ethos de seu oponente do que à construção de seu próprio ethos

Comparative case study consists of 12 chapters and is composed as qualitative research. The main goal of the study is to research the fake news used in chosen set of data, consisting of 13 television debates. The case study works with two cases - the presidential election in the Czech Republic (2018) and in Slovakia (2019). First part of the analysis deals with methodology and theoretical background for fake news and role of television debates in election campaign. Next part is dedicated to the analyzed cases of elections, briefly covering the development of the election campaign followed by analysis. The results of the analysis are summed up in the independent chapter. As the most used fake news themes in given debates the analysis identifies following: migration, negative attitude towards media, questionable funding of the campaign and attempts to influence the elections. The main difference in the cases is the nature of the competition, when the acting president is running for re-election. Keywords: Fake news, desinformation, president, elections, campaign, television debate, Miloš Zeman, Jiří Drahoš, Zuzana Čaputová, Maroš Šefčovič