No / Organizational justice is an important determinant of workplace attitudes, decisions, and behaviors. However,understanding workplace fairness requires not only examining what happens but also when it happens, interms of justice events, perceptions, and reactions. We organize and discuss findings from 194 justice articleswith temporal aspects, selected from over a thousand empirical justice articles. By examining temporalaspects, our findings enrich and sometimes challenge the answers to three key questions in the organizationaljustice literature relating to (i) when individuals pay attention to fairness, including specific facets, (ii) howfairness judgments form and evolve, and (iii) how reactions to perceived (in)justice unfold. Our review iden-tifies promising avenues for empirical work and emphasizes the importance of developing temporal theoriesof justice. / Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT. Grant Numbers: PTDC/EGE-GES/098856/2008, EXPL/IIM-GES/0962/2013

Social cues, such as eye gaze and head-turns, can orient attention automatically. Social cue processing includes three sequential stages, namely cue selection, cue following and object recognition. In a typical social cueing task, a central face is presented and then attention is directed to potential target location by an eye gaze or head turn. In these paradigms, the standard finding is that despite the non-predictive nature of the cue (i.e., the target is as likely to appear at the validly cued location as the invalidly cued location), targets appearing at the validly cued location are detected and identified faster than targets presented at the invalidly cued location. The cueing effect starts to emerge at short cue-target stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) (e.g., 105 ms) and diminishes at the long SOA (e.g., 1005 ms). However, because only one object was presented on one side of the center gaze cue in these paradigms, the social cueing effect could be interfered or abolished by the peripheral onset effect (i.e., the automatic orienting of attention by the abrupt appearance of a single object event). The goal of this dissertation was to develop a modified social cueing task to measure the temporal dynamics of social cue processing while eliminating the potential confounds from the peripheral onset effect. In the Cued Recognition Task, the peripheral onset effect is removed by simultaneously presenting a target and a distractor object following a non-predictive head-turn cue. Results from a series of experiments using the Cued Recognition Task showed that: (a) if the distractor was not presented on the opposite side of the target, the peripheral onset effect elicited by the target onset interfered with the social cueing effect elicited by the head-turn; (b) in the cued recognition paradigm, the reflexive attention orientation effect elicited by social cues could be inhibited at 0 ms of SOA, started to emerge at 105 ms of SOA, became stable at 300 and 600 ms of SOA and sustained at 1005 ms of SOA; (c) children with ASD showed equivalent magnitude of social cueing effect as TD controls, but they were slower across all conditions despite the fact that they were as fast as TD controls in object recognition. The Cued Recognition Model developed based on all the findings in this dissertation was described in order to provide an explicit explanation of how social cues influence everyday object recognition. / Graduate / 0633 / 0620 / 0623 / xubuyun@uvic.ca

No description available.

Etude de la dynamique temporelle de la catégorisation faciale depuis la détection d'un visage dans le champ visuel jusqu'a l'encodage d'une représentation individuelle du visage. Investigation de cette dynamique temporelle via l'électrophysiologie chez le sujet humain (potentiels évoqués). / Temporal dynamics of face visual categorization : an electrophysiological (event-related potentials) approach

Redes complexas é um campo de pesquisa científica recente e bastante ativo que estuda redes de larga escala com estruturas topológicas não triviais, tais como redes de computadores, redes de telecomunicações, redes de transporte, redes sociais e redes biológicas. Muitas destas redes são naturalmente divididas em comunidades ou módulos e, portanto, descobrir a estrutura dessas comunidades é um dos principais problemas abordados no estudo de redes complexas. Tal problema está relacionado com o campo de aprendizado de máquina, que tem como interesse projetar e desenvolver algoritmos e técnicas que permitem aos computadores aprender, ou melhorar seu desempenho através da experiência. Alguns dos problemas identificados nas técnicas tradicionais de aprendizado incluem: dificuldades em identificar formas irregulares no espaço de atributos; descobrir estruturas sobrepostas de grupos ou classes, que ocorre quando elementos pertencem a mais de um grupo ou classe; e a alta complexidade computacional de alguns modelos, que impedem sua aplicação em bases de dados maiores. Neste trabalho tratamos tais problemas através do desenvolvimento de novos modelos de aprendizado de máquina utilizando redes complexas e dinâmica espaço-temporal, com capacidade para tratar grupos e classes sobrepostas, além de fornecer graus de pertinência para cada elemento da rede com relação a cada cluster ou classe. Os modelos desenvolvidos tem desempenho similar ao de algoritmos do estado da arte, ao mesmo tempo em que apresentam ordem de complexidade computacional menor do que a maioria deles / Complex networks is a recent and active scientific research field, which concerns large scale networks with non-trivial topological structure, such as computer networks, telecommunication networks, transport networks, social networks and biological networks. Many of these networks are naturally divided into communities or modules and, therefore, uncovering their structure is one of the main problems related to complex networks study. This problem is related with the machine learning field, which is concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques which allow computers to learn, or increase their performance based on experience. Some of the problems identified in traditional learning techniques include: difficulties in identifying irregular forms in the attributes space; uncovering overlap structures of groups or classes, which occurs when elements belong to more than one group or class; and the high computational complexity of some models, which prevents their application in larger data bases. In this work, we deal with these problems through the development of new machine learning models using complex networks and space-temporal dynamics. The developed models have performance similar to those from some state-of-the-art algorithms, at the same time that they present lower computational complexity order than most of them

Redes complexas é um campo de pesquisa científica recente e bastante ativo que estuda redes de larga escala com estruturas topológicas não triviais, tais como redes de computadores, redes de telecomunicações, redes de transporte, redes sociais e redes biológicas. Muitas destas redes são naturalmente divididas em comunidades ou módulos e, portanto, descobrir a estrutura dessas comunidades é um dos principais problemas abordados no estudo de redes complexas. Tal problema está relacionado com o campo de aprendizado de máquina, que tem como interesse projetar e desenvolver algoritmos e técnicas que permitem aos computadores aprender, ou melhorar seu desempenho através da experiência. Alguns dos problemas identificados nas técnicas tradicionais de aprendizado incluem: dificuldades em identificar formas irregulares no espaço de atributos; descobrir estruturas sobrepostas de grupos ou classes, que ocorre quando elementos pertencem a mais de um grupo ou classe; e a alta complexidade computacional de alguns modelos, que impedem sua aplicação em bases de dados maiores. Neste trabalho tratamos tais problemas através do desenvolvimento de novos modelos de aprendizado de máquina utilizando redes complexas e dinâmica espaço-temporal, com capacidade para tratar grupos e classes sobrepostas, além de fornecer graus de pertinência para cada elemento da rede com relação a cada cluster ou classe. Os modelos desenvolvidos tem desempenho similar ao de algoritmos do estado da arte, ao mesmo tempo em que apresentam ordem de complexidade computacional menor do que a maioria deles / Complex networks is a recent and active scientific research field, which concerns large scale networks with non-trivial topological structure, such as computer networks, telecommunication networks, transport networks, social networks and biological networks. Many of these networks are naturally divided into communities or modules and, therefore, uncovering their structure is one of the main problems related to complex networks study. This problem is related with the machine learning field, which is concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques which allow computers to learn, or increase their performance based on experience. Some of the problems identified in traditional learning techniques include: difficulties in identifying irregular forms in the attributes space; uncovering overlap structures of groups or classes, which occurs when elements belong to more than one group or class; and the high computational complexity of some models, which prevents their application in larger data bases. In this work, we deal with these problems through the development of new machine learning models using complex networks and space-temporal dynamics. The developed models have performance similar to those from some state-of-the-art algorithms, at the same time that they present lower computational complexity order than most of them

Etude de la dynamique temporelle de la catégorisation faciale depuis la détection d'un visage dans le champ visuel jusqu'a l'encodage d'une représentation individuelle du visage. Investigation de cette dynamique temporelle via l'électrophysiologie chez le sujet humain (potentiels évoqués). / Temporal dynamics of face visual categorization : an electrophysiological (event-related potentials) approach

The thesis develops two characterizations of spatio-temporal complex patterns. While these are developed for the patterns of fluid flow in experiments on Rayleigh-Benard Convection(RBC), they are adaptable to a wide range of spatially extended systems. The characterizations may be especially useful in cases where one does not have good models describing the dynamics, making numerical and analytic studies difficult. In Spiral Defect Chaos(SDC), a weakly turbulent regime of RBC, the convective rolls exhibit complex spatial and temporal dynamics. We study the dynamics of SDC through local defect formations between convective rolls as well as the topological rearrangements of these rolls at a global scale. A laser based thermal actuation system is developed to reproducibly impose initial states for the fluid flow and construct ensembles of trajectories in the neighborhood of defect nucleation. This is used to extract the modes and their growth rates, characterizing the linear manifold corresponding to defect nucleation. The linear manifold corresponding to instabilities resulting in defect formation is key to building efficient schemes to control the dynamics exhibited. We also develop the use of computational homology as a tool to study spatially extended dynamical systems. A quantitative measure of the topological features of patterns is shown to provide insights into the underlying dynamics not easily uncovered otherwise. In the case of RBC, the homology of the patterns is seen to indicate asymmetries between hot and cold regions of the flow, stochastic evolution at a global scale as well as bifurcations occurring well into the turbulent regime of the flow.

Cognitive theories of timing and conditioned reinforcement provide two different theoretical perspectives on choice between delayed rewards. The primary objective of this research was to identify the process that generates choice in the concurrent-chains procedure and to characterize its relationship with temporal control. Experiments 1-3 investigated the relationship between the dynamics of pigeons’ preference and temporal control in concurrent chains using an arrangement in which the delays to reinforcement changed unpredictably across sessions. To obtain convergent measures of choice and timing behavior, occasional ‘no-food’ terminal links lasted longer than the schedule values and ended without reinforcement. Measures of choice (log initial-link response ratios) and timing (start and stop times from no-food terminal links) stabilized within individual sessions. Sensitivity of log response ratios to relative immediacy increased as initial-link duration decreased or absolute terminal-link delays increased, but absolute initial- and terminal-link duration did not affect temporal control. Residual covariation analyses of log response ratios with log start and stop time ratios confirmed that measures of choice and timing were interdependent. Experiments 4 and 5 used concurrent-chains procedures in which immediacy, magnitude (and probability, in Experiment 5) ratios for left and right keys were 2:1 or 1:2, determined across sessions by independent, random series. Experiment 6 was a concurrent schedule in which relative reinforcement rate and magnitude were 2:1 or 1:2, determined the same way. Multiple regression analyses showed that pigeons’ response allocation in Experiments 4-6 was sensitive to multiple dimensions of reinforcement. Levels of preference within individual sessions and initial links or interfood intervals was more extreme when all dimensions favored the same key than when at least one dimension favored each key, consistent with assumptions of the generalized matching law. Within individual sessions, changes in response allocation in all experiments tended to be abrupt, consistent with the assumptions of Rate Estimation Theory (Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000). A decision model that posits a comparison between delayed outcomes with a criterion delay (Grace & McLean, 2006) described initial-link responding in Experiments 1-3. A modified decision model in which outcome expectancy is compared to an expectancy criterion described responding in Experiments 4-6.

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-30T18:07:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCCD.pdf: 4056126 bytes, checksum: ed6319985f95cfa7a1084a7fd08bef23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T18:11:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCCD.pdf: 4056126 bytes, checksum: ed6319985f95cfa7a1084a7fd08bef23 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-09-25T18:11:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCCD.pdf: 4056126 bytes, checksum: ed6319985f95cfa7a1084a7fd08bef23 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-25T18:15:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLCCD.pdf: 4056126 bytes, checksum: ed6319985f95cfa7a1084a7fd08bef23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Outra / The advancement of human occupation and the evolution of its many activities have put many ecosystems at risk. The loss of native vegetation to agricultural practices has resulted in the fragmentation of habitats, which has serious consequences for biodiversity. Protected areas exist to try to avoid these interferences, but enforcement is not always effective and can avoid impacts. This scenario makes fundamental the analysis of the landscape of protected areas in macro-scale in order to try to predict and to reverse the impacts resulting from the expansion of the anthropic occupation. In view of these considerations, this dissertation aimed to obtain information about the landscape of the State Environmental Protection Area Rio Pandeiros (PSA Pandeiros), through the use of structural indexes of the landscape. The information was inserted and analyzed in Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The landscape structure was evaluated through the land use and land cover dynamics of PSA Pandeiros in 1995 and 2015. The evaluation of priority areas for PSA conservation was evaluated through the application of landscape metrics based on the results of the use and coverage evaluation from the land. And the evaluation of the location of ecological corridors for the PSA area was carried out based on the analysis of PSA connectivity potential from the results of the landscape metrics. The results showed that agricultural activities have strong influence structure of the landscape, mainly the pasture. The advancement of agricultural practices has made the landscape of the PSA suffer some degree of fragmentation which if not controlled will have serious consequences for the local biodiversity. The PSA still presents some fragments that have been considered high conservation areas due to their size and shape, are essential areas for actions that encourage the protection of the PSA. The analysis of the location of the ecological corridors showed that the proposed corridors are located in conservation priority areas and, therefore, their consolidation is necessary so that the fragmentation process of the PSA begins to be reversed and that the PSA may in the near future have A more connected landscape to ensure the 26 species of medium and large mammals found in the PSA and all the biodiversity that is interconnected. / O avanço da ocupação humana e a evolução de suas inúmeras atividades têm colocado diversos ecossistemas em perigo. A perda de vegetação nativa para práticas agrícolas tem resultado na fragmentação dos habitats o que gera graves consequências para a biodiversidade. As áreas Protegidas existem para tentar evitar estas interferências, mas nem sempre a fiscalização é efetiva e consegue evitar os impactos. Esse cenário torna fundamental a análise da paisagem de áreas protegidas em macro escala de forma a tentar prever e reverter os impactos resultantes da expansão da ocupação antrópica. Diante dessas considerações, esta dissertação teve como objetivo a obtenção de informações sobre a paisagem da Área de Proteção Ambiental Estadual do Rio Pandeiros (APA Pandeiros), por meio da utilização de índices estruturais da paisagem. As informações foram inseridas e analisadas em Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG). A estrutura da paisagem foi avaliada através da dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra da APA Pandeiros em 1995 e 2015. A avaliação de áreas prioritárias para conservação da APA foi avaliada através da aplicação de métricas da paisagem baseadas nos resultados da avaliação do uso e cobertura da terra. E a avaliação da localização de corredores ecológicos para a área da APA foi realizada baseada na análise do potencial de conectividade da APA a partir dos resultados das métricas da paisagem. Os resultados mostraram que as atividades agrícolas têm forte influência estrutura da paisagem, principalmente a pastagem. O avanço das práticas agrícolas fez com que a paisagem da APA sofresse certo grau de fragmentação que caso não seja controlado trará sérias consequências para a biodiversidade local. A APA ainda apresenta alguns fragmentos que foram considerados como áreas de alta prioridade para a conservação devido ao seu formato e tamanho, são áreas essenciais para ações que incentivem a proteção da APA. A análise da localização dos corredores ecológicos mostrou que os corredores propostos estão localizados em áreas prioritárias para a conservação e dessa forma, a sua consolidação é necessária para que o processo de fragmentação da APA comece a ser revertido e que a APA possa num futuro próximo ter uma paisagem mais conectada a fim de assegurar as 26 espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte encontrada na APA e toda a biodiversidade que está interligada.