Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Mary C. Kingery-Page / Temporary landscapes are an emerging project type with in the field of landscape architecture. Pop-up parks, parklets, and temporary art installations have been gaining media attention and changing notions of open space. Landscape architects need to take a more active role in the planning, design, and execution of these temporary landscapes. Peter Bishop describes temporary land use as “an intentional phase” where the “time-limited nature of the use is generally explicit” (Bishop, 2012, p. 5). This research refines Bishop’s definition by stating temporary landscapes must be intentionally time limited designs of open space. Currently the unorganized variety of projects has impeded landscape architects’ ability to evaluate and learn from these spaces. This research project seeks to understand and synthesize different characteristics of temporary landscapes. A typology was developed by identifying key themes in literature, composing a carefully curated series of precedent studies, participating in the development of a temporary pop-up park in Wichita, Kansas, and developing a matrix that identifies the relationships between temporal types. The products of this research will help planners and designers develop more successful and intentional temporally limited designs.

Stadsutvecklingsprojekt är ofta stora, komplexa och sker under lång tid. Vid utvecklingen av nya stadsdelar sker byggnationen ofta i etapper vilket kan resultera i ytor som saknar ett aktivt syfte. Vissa aktörer har däremot valt att tillfälligt använda dessa ytor i syfte att åstadkomma ett sorts värdeskapande, parallellt med stadsutvecklingen. Genom att tillfälligt upprätta allmänna attribut, och att i vissa fall även arbeta med placemaking, vill aktörerna skapa attraktiva platser som tillför värde för både boende och besökare i stadsdelen. Tidigare studier har inte undersökt tillfälliga attribut och deras effekter vid utvecklingen av nya stadsdelar. Eftersom tillfälliga attribut anläggs parallellt med stadsutvecklingen är det av intresse att undersöka motiven och effekterna dessa attribut har på området i dess helhet. Syftet med studiens är därmed att utveckla en förståelse för varför allmänna attribut tillfälligt anläggs i nya stadsdelar. Studien syftar även till att kartlägga hur utvalda aktörer arbetar med tillfälligt anlagda attribut samt vilka värden aktörerna vill skapa med hjälp av dessa. Studiens resultat baseras på intervjuer med tolv branschrepresentanter. Resultaten visar på att både kommuner och byggaktörer tillfälligt anlägger olika allmänna attribut i nya stadsdelar, däremot i en varierande omfattning. Författarna presenterar idéen att allmänna attribut kan delas in i två kategorier utifrån hur viktiga och vanligt förekommande de är i nya stadsdelar. I arbetet klassificeras dessa kategorier som nödvändiga attribut samt bonus-attribut. Motiven till att anlägga tillfälliga attribut är för att det vid tidpunkten ej går att anlägga dem permanent. Samtidigt behöver både kommuner och byggaktörer tillgodose boendes behov av allmänna platser redan från första inflytt och göra stadsdelen både levande och trygg. Tidigare studier visar på att det i befintliga stadsdelar finns en betalningsvilja för att från sin bostad ha närhet till permanenta allmänna attribut. Resultaten i den här studien visar på att både byggaktörer och kommuner anser att detta även gäller i nya stadsdelar, oavsett om attributen är permanenta eller tillfälliga. Slutligen lyfts placemaking fram som en användbar metod för att möjliggöra att ytterligare värde skapas från de anlagda attributen. Genom att skapa mer värde blir stadsdelen attraktivare och efterfrågan på bostäder i stadsdelen kan öka ytterligare. / Urban development projects are often large, complex and takes a long time to be completed. In these large development projects, the project is often divided into different stages, which can result in unused spaces. Some actors have begun using these unused spaces in order to parallel with the development create value. By building temporary amenities, and in some cases working with placemaking, the actors aim to create attractive places that bring value for the inhabitants and visitors in the city district. Earlier studies have not looked at how temporary amenities impact and affect urban development projects. It is therefore interesting to research the motives and effect of these amenities in the city district. The aim for this study is to create a better understanding of why these temporary amenities are being built in urban development projects, and what value they are deemed to bring to the project and the actors who build them. The study also reaches out to some selected actors and maps what kind of temporary amenities, if any, they have worked with and what values these amenities create. The results of the study are based on interviews with twelve industry representatives. The result indicates that both construction clients and municipalities both use temporary amenities in large urban development projects, but to a varying degree. The authors claim the amenities can be categorized into two types, necessary-amenities and bonus-amenities, based on how important and commonly occurring they are. The motive to build temporary amenities is that it is simply not possible to build the amenities in a permanent manner at the time. But even though it is not possible to build permanent amenities the municipality and construction clients still need to accommodate early inhabitants and create good conditions for a safe and vibrant living environment. Earlier studies have concluded that permanent amenities raise the willingness to pay resulting in a higher price. This study also acknowledges that construction clients and municipalities also deem this true in new development projects, whether the amenities are permanent or temporary. Lastly, placemaking is recognized as a method to further create value of the built amenities in the city district, and that this can further increase the value amenities create and make the amenities even more desired for potential customers, and thus increase the demand on housing in the urban development project even further.

The diploma thesis deals with the future smart district at Špitálka in Brno - Zábrdovice. The smart district will serve as a pilot territory to verify the goal setting from the vision for the #brno2050 strategy. One of the main motives is the activation of the territory by means of relevant interventions, which can start the development not only of this area, but can also have a positive impact on the entire locality. The aim of the diploma thesis is to contribute to the preparations for the revitalization of the city district and to outline possible alternatives for the phasing of development, the method of activating the territory and temporary use during the realization process. Further contribute to the discussion about cooperation public sector with private, community planning in our environment and the possibility of alternative project financing. The proposed tactics correspond to the local significance, are based on current values and lead to a sustainable urbanization process of an evolving urban environment. The work is analytically based on the current criteria of the urban environment generated by the investments of capitalist society. The proposal focuses on areas related to performative planning or an experimental form of so-called bottom-up planning and supports the principles of Smart City.