Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: p. 103. / Tenements are significant systems that provide habitation to the poor in most of the urban areas of the developing countries. Yet, tenements are practically ignored if not prohibited by the public sector and consequently banned from any public housing program. This study, which is the first attempt to consider tenements as a viable option, describes, compares, analyzes and evaluates diverse tenement situations in twenty-eight case studies from twelve cities, in seven developing countries. It attempts to focus attention on a housing system that with a few improvements can provide an acceptable/appropriate shelter for a substantial sector of the income groups that otherwise have no better alternatives. In terms of evaluations, the goal of this study is to single out the critical aspects of tenements that can be/should be improved in order to meet adequate health, sanitary and social requirements. / by Isam Mohammad Alimam. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-20).

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 19-20) Also available in print.

Urban development in Hong Kong is often regarded as demolition of aged buildings and re-building a massive volume building on the same lot. Heritage in the past decade has been a hot topic in the public and the media. A lot of heritage with values were not being graded or protected by the Hong Kong Government. In spite of this, some of the heritage were conserved accidently. The dissertation will investigate examples when conservation and development come together, in a form of case studies on current examples of adaptive reuse of Post-war Tong Lau in Hong Kong. When heritage and urban development come together, which seems to be contradicting, in fact, could be converged into a new approach of financially viable form of urban development. The key issue addressed by this dissertation is by observation and review of the current examples of adaptive reuse of Post-war Tong Lau, to analysis the design criteria and guideline for the Adaptive Reuse of Post-war Tong Lau as an alternative choice for the developers for future property development, and at the same time could contribute to the conservation in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Hung Chun, Ted. / Subtitle on added t.p.: Critical review on urban redevelopment and conservation. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / Text in English with some Chinese. / SEMESTER 1 / Thesis Statement / Definition / Research / Market Town in Hong Kong / SWH / Preliminary Design / SEMESTER 2 / Design Strategy / Design Development / Final Design

Thesis (M. Hous. M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

Choy Kin Cheung, Savio. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2006-2007, design report."

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / Studies about residential passive solar heating have been conducted in many countries, mostly dealing with new or existing single family houses and nearly unlimited access to the sun. Only a few studies are related to residential projects that use passive solar in an urban context and must cope with limited solar access, fixed city layouts, and constrictive building laws (1,2,3,4). Multifamily housing in German cities accounts for a major portion of the existing building stock. A range of German energy standards try to enforce the improvement of old and poorly insulated structures by these efforts only support conservation. As yet there is no initiative to seek optimal use of available solar energies. The heat loss in multifamily housing is already reduced to a significant degree: only a small number of weather walls and windows create actual heat losses, and internal gains act as beneficial heat sources which lower the demand for space heat. With increased use of solar energy, the usual 8.5 month heating period could be substantially shortened. Calculations included in this work show the potential for reducing the annual heating season to less than three months. Case studies of two tenement building types generic to the city of Berlin describe the existing situation in Germany and explore possible approaches for improving the use of passive solar energy by combining new and innovative materials with the existing building stock. All the factors related to climatic responsible design under local conditions are explained in a step-by-step procedure suitable for use by any architectural office concerned with using passive solar energy in an urban context. / by Alexander W. Lohr. / M.Arch.

This paper examines the National Child Labor Movement in America at the turn of the 20th century and how it affected collective American social consciousness and civic engagement. One of the first and most important social movements of the Progressive Era led by the National Child Labor Committee, reformers sought to use multiple focal points to unite the American public around the issue of children and the greater good of the nation’s future. In doing so, the movement embedded a new urban social awareness in which Americans finally caught a glimpse into the lives of their fellow citizens, of all classes and backgrounds, and began to develop empathetic practices to initiate social change. Ultimately, this had a significant effect on the future of urban social reform.

During the Gilded Age, the use of elaborate architectural ornament extended to the facades of tenements built for the working class in Boston and New York. Yet these lavish "decorated tenements," which used industrially-made ornament, did not represent the established view of how a tenement should look. Elite architects, prominent citizens, and housing reformers almost universally created spartan buildings when designing for these classes. In contrast, most of the decorated tenements were built by immigrant entrepreneurs, who remade the landscape of their communities in a way that challenged the notion of tenement districts as sites of unmitigated austerity. The dominant narrative on housing in this period derives from a reform literature that has focused on elite experiments in building and on regulating architecture for the poor. This study, instead, utilizes extensive vernacular architecture fieldwork methods and documentary research to put the more common decorated tenement at its center. The immigrant builders of these structures demonstrated their accommodation to an American landscape of material prosperity by using ornament to tap into longstanding associations with stability, power, and, surplus. In doing so they created an identifiable building type that represents an intersection of European sensibilities, industrial production, American material surplus, social striving, and cultural aspiration. As chapter one demonstrates, the antebellum period saw the rise of explicitly classed landscapes for the working class. Full of worn-out buildings these neighborhoods were dismissed as 'slums.' Chapter two examines the complex web of people who built the decorated tenement, immigrant builders, and architects who largely wiped away the physical severity of the slum. Chapter three explores the design and decoration of the tenement, describing the ways in which ornament was used on these buildings, its production, cost, availability, and meanings. The decorated tenement was part of a wider phenomena described in chapter four in which forms formerly associated with the working class were replaced with industrially-made goods in styles associated with the elite. Chapter five details how the Arts and Crafts movement for aesthetic purity corresponded to the social and cultural simplicity manifested in the housing reform movement.