Parmi les premières chroniques sur les civilisations préhispaniques, à l’importance fondamentale mais au destin souvent funeste, c’est de l’une des plus intéressantes et des plus énigmatiques, la Chronique X, dont il est question dans cette thèse. Ecrite en nahuatl et abondamment illustrée, il s’agit, et de loin, de la source la plus détaillée dont disposent les mexicanistes sur l’histoire des Aztèques, depuis leurs origines mythiques jusqu’à la Conquête espagnole. Actuellement considérée comme perdue, elle nous est toutefois partiellement parvenue à travers deux adaptations en espagnol du dernier quart du XVIe siècle, réalisées respectivement par un religieux dominicain d’origine espagnole, Diego Durán, et par l’un des petits-fils de Montezuma II, l’historien indien Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc.

Many areas of the world are experiencing the effects of the water crisis. The water crisis is a widespread phenomenon whereby many regions are experiencing a shortage of water, lacking access to clean potable water. This study uses existing literature to examine the ways in which the ecological knowledge of ancient civilizations can be applied to modern water management in attempt to address the current water crisis. The literature reviewed for this study, stemming from notable books and peer reviewed journals, were published between 1882 and the present year. As part of a purposive sample, the following civilizations were chosen: Tenochtitlan (presently Mexico City), Angkor, and Petra. Past and present water management in the three locations are examined, as well as their impact on industry and social systems. Findings within the literature indicate that ancient methods of water management are able to provide water for populations of equal or greater size than their modern counterparts. Similarly, some studies have determined that modern water systems are problematic in their production of waste by-products, and inefficiency in water collection and distribution. The implications determined from the results of this study are discussed, as well as the limitations that arose throughout the review. The study seeks to fill the gap in literature connecting ancient water management techniques to modern practices, helping establish suggestions for reforms to address the current water crisis in the process.

This essay will discuss the unusual rise to power of don Bartolomé Cortés y Mendoza Axaycatzin, who was appointed by viceroy Cadereita to serve as governor of Mexico Tenochtitlan in 1636 without mandate from the community. He had previously served as governor in Puebla de los Angeles—the most Spanish city in seventeenth century Mexico, which had no original native communities before the arrival of Europeans. The paper will explore the problem of native jurisdiction at times when tribute collections fell. It will also explore how names can signify political authority. Axayacatzin, Cortés, Bartolomé, and Mendoza all signified political status for Europeans and perhaps were assumed to connote authority and status to Tenochca and other native peoples resident in Mexico Tenochtitlan at a time when the city’s indigenous population was becoming increasingly diverse. / Este ensayo discutirá el inusual ascenso al poder de don Bartolomé Cortés y Mendoza Axaycatzin, que fue designado por el virrey Cadereita para servir como gobernador de México Tenochtitlan en 1636 sin el mandato de la comunidad. Él había servido previamente como gobernador en Puebla de los Ángeles —la ciudad más española en México del siglo XVII que no contaba con comunidades nativas originales anteriores a la llegada de los europeos—. En el artículo se explorará el problema de la jurisdicción indígena en momentos en que las colectas tributarias decayeron. También se explorará cómo los nombres pueden significar autoridad política. Axayacatzin, Cortés, Bartolomé y Mendoza indicaban una condición política para los europeos, y quizás se asumió que connotaban autoridad y estatus para los tenochcas y otros pueblos nativos de México Tenochtitlan en una época en la cual población indígena de la ciudad se diversificaba cada vez más.

VYŠNÝ, Peter: State, Law, and Everyday Life in Aztec Tenochtitlan. Dissertation. Charles University, Faculty of Arts, Centre for Ibero-American Studies. PhD Programme: Ibero- American Studies. Field of Study: History. Adviser: doc. Markéta Křížová, Ph.D. Prague, 2018. 384 pp. The present dissertation, under the title of State, Law, and Everyday Life in Aztec Tenochtitlan, is the result of the research of a society that existed in the Aztec city-state of Tenochtitlan from its founding (about AD 1325) to its conquest by the Spaniards (1519 - 1521). In the dissertation, based on historical sources and secondary literature, three essential, complementary aspects of this society are examined, namely: 1. its organization and functioning, whose character indicates that Tenochtitlan was a consolidated (urban) state; 2. its legal order, which was developed and systematically exercised by the state; and 3. typical forms of everyday life of its members (of different categories). By exploring the three aspects of the society existing in Tenochtitlan, the following aim of the dissertation was achieved: 1. to examine the state organization, the legal order and the everyday life forms of the inhabitants of pre-Hispanic Aztec Tenochtitlan, both in their interrelated contexts and in the diachronic perspective; and...

Parmi les premières chroniques sur les civilisations préhispaniques, à l’importance fondamentale mais au destin souvent funeste, c’est de l’une des plus intéressantes et des plus énigmatiques, la Chronique X, dont il est question dans cette thèse. Ecrite en nahuatl et abondamment illustrée, il s’agit, et de loin, de la source la plus détaillée dont disposent les mexicanistes sur l’histoire des Aztèques, depuis leurs origines mythiques jusqu’à la Conquête espagnole. Actuellement considérée comme perdue, elle nous est toutefois partiellement parvenue à travers deux adaptations en espagnol du dernier quart du XVIe siècle, réalisées respectivement par un religieux dominicain d’origine espagnole, Diego Durán, et par l’un des petits-fils de Montezuma II, l’historien indien Fernando Alvarado Tezozomoc. / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire de l'art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished