Submitted by PPG Letras (letraspg@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-27T17:15:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-06T19:36:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-06T19:43:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta??o_Pamella Rosa.pdf: 914508 bytes, checksum: f910512febe793bf9898bc99510d10eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Pragmatics, a sub-area of Linguistics which integrates this work, studies the language in use, devoting itself to the understanding of the real meaning, including concepts such as inferences, context and subjectivity. The work developed here is a bibliographical one, constructed in such a way as to form a consistent theoretical basis on the generalized conversational inferences, in order to present a meta- analysis of selected articles involving these inferences and theories presented. The general objective of this dissertation is to compare the post and Neo-Gricean approach of cases of inferences, focusing on generalized conversational implicatures, in selected experiments, with specific objectives to understand the histories and philosophical bases related to Pragmatics, to discuss concepts relevant to the Gricean theory (Grice, 1957/1975), Post-Gricean (Sperber & Wilson, 1995) and Neo-Gricean (Levinson, 2000), observe the properties of inferences in theories and analyze pragmatic experiments concerning generalized conversational implicatures in order to understand how the inference process occurs in communicative practice and how the interpretation of generalized implicatures in human communication occurs. This proposal was developed due to the need for studies concerning the process of inferentiation, in order to contribute to an improvement of the study of communication through the understanding of the inferential process. The study made possible the understanding of how the neo and post-gricean theories describe the communication and the way in which this description is applied in the communicative dialogues. In addition, it was possible to observe the importance of understanding the historical and philosophical bases, allowing a delineation of the description and the pragmatic objects developed in this work, recognizing the proximity in the semantic-pragmatic relations, highlighting the standard implicatures of Levinson (2000) as responsible for importance of this approach for the understanding of the levels of meaning, verifying how the Neo and Post-Gricean theories occur with regard to generalized conversational inferences by means of a comparison between these pragmatic perspectives and the projection of the theory that best corresponds to the communicative practice to this type of implicature, advancing in the understanding of how the process of implication of the generalized implicatures occurs, understanding that, although the post-gricean approach better predicts the interpretation of this type of implicature, it is necessary to recognize the importance of Neo-Griceans of the scalar implicatures from lexical scales. / A Pragm?tica, sub?rea da Lingu?stica a qual se integra este trabalho, estuda a linguagem em uso, dedicando-se ? compreens?o do significado real, incluindo, pois, conceitos como infer?ncias, contexto e subjetividade. O trabalho aqui desenvolvido ? de cunho bibliogr?fico, constru?do de maneira a formar uma base te?rica consistente acerca das infer?ncias conversacionais generalizadas para, ent?o, apresentar uma meta-an?lise de artigos selecionados envolvendo essas infer?ncias e teorias apresentadas. O objetivo geral desta disserta??o ? comparar a abordagem p?s e neogriceana de casos de infer?ncias, focando nas implicaturas conversacionais generalizadas, em experimentos selecionados, tendo como objetivos espec?ficos compreender as bases hist?rias e filos?ficas relacionadas ? Pragm?tica, discutir conceitos relevantes para a teoria griceana (Grice, 1957/1975), p?s-griceana (Sperber & Wilson, 1995) e neogriceana (Levinson, 2000), observar as propriedades das infer?ncias nas teorias e analisar experimentos pragm?ticos referentes ?s implicaturas conversacionais generalizadas a fim de compreender como ocorre o processo de inferencia??o na pr?tica comunicativa e como ocorre a intepreta??o das implicaturas generalizadas na comunica??o humana. Esta proposta foi desenvolvida devido ? necessidade de estudos referentes ao processo de inferencia??o, a fim de contribuir para uma melhoria do estudo da comunica??o por meio da compreens?o do processo inferencial. O estudo possibilitou a compreens?o da maneira como as teorias neo e p?s-griceanas descrevem a comunica??o e o modo como tal descri??o ? aplicada nos di?logos comunicativos. Al?m disso, foi poss?vel observar a import?ncia da compreens?o das bases hist?ricas e filos?ficas, permitindo um delineamento da descri??o e dos objetos pragm?ticos desenvolvidos neste trabalho, reconhecer a proximidade nas rela??es sem?ntico-pragm?ticas, destacando as implicaturas padr?es de Levinson (2000) como respons?veis pela import?ncia desta abordagem para o entendimento dos n?veis do significado, verificando como ocorrem as teorias neo e p?s-griceanas no que se refere a infer?ncias conversacionais generalizadas por meio de compara??o entre estas perspectivas pragm?ticas e proje??o da teoria que melhor corresponde ? pr?tica comunicativa a este tipo de implicatura, avan?ando na compreens?o do modo de como ocorre o processo de implica??o das implicaturas generalizadas, compreendendo que, apesar de a abordagem p?s-griceana melhor predizer o modo como ocorre a interpreta??o deste tipo de implicatura, ? necess?rio reconhecer a import?ncia dos neogriceanos acerca da significa??o das implicaturas escalares a partir de escalas lexicais.