Title: Transshipment Terminal – A study of environmental effects from the introduction of a transshipment terminal and a route planning system in the municipality of Kalmar Examiner: Andersson, Petra Key words: Transshipment terminal, route planning, environmental impact Purpose: The study aims to examine how a transshipment terminal and a route planning system may have implications for the municipality of Kalmar from environmental concerns. Methodology: The thesis is a case study on the municipality of Kalmar. A positivistic -and an objectivistic approach have been used. The strategic approach that was used was quantitative. Theoretical perspectives: The thesis has mainly been based on theories of transshipment terminal, route planning and environmental impact, but also other relevant theories have been used. Emperical foundation: Empirical data has gathered through interviews with the municipality of Kalmar and its suppliers and from data that was obtained from them. The information has then been analyzed using the theoretical framework. Conclusions: By imposing a transshipment terminal and route planning for the municipality of Kalmar, the number of transports, transport distance and carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced. transshipment terminal can be analyzed, and how suppliers can change their routes when a transshipment terminal is inmplemented. Also where the transshipment terminal should be placed can be another subject to study. Suggestions for further research: The authors suggest that a deeper study of the total costs of

Empirical performance models of fan airflow, primary airflow and power consumption were developed for series and parallel variable air volume fan powered terminal units. An experimental setup and test procedure were created to test the terminal units at typical design pressures and airflows. Each terminal unit observed in this study used an 8 in (20.3 cm) primary air inlet. Two fan motor control methods were considered. The primary control of interest was the electronically commutated motor (ECM) controller. Data collected were compared with previous research regarding silicon rectified control (SCR) units. Generalized models were developed for both series and parallel terminal units. Coefficients for performance models were then compared with comparable SCR controlled units. Non-linear statistical modeling was performed using SPSS software (2008). In addition to airflow and power consumption modeling, power quality was also quantified. Relationships between real power (watts) and apparent power (VA) were presented as well as harmonic frequencies and total harmonic distortion. Power quality was recorded for each ECM controlled terminal unit tested. Additional tests were also made to SCR controlled terminal units used in previous research (Furr 2006). The airflow and power consumption performance models had an R2 equal to 0.990 or greater for every terminal unit tested. An air leakage model was employed to account for leakage in the parallel designed VAV terminal units when the internal fan was turned off. For the leakage model, both ECM and SCR controlled units achieved an R2 greater than or equal to 0.918.

Empirical models of airflow and power consumption were developed for series and parallel variable air volume fan powered terminal units (FPTUs). An experimental setup and test procedure were developed to test the terminal units over typical operating ranges. The terminal units in this study used either an 8 in. (20.32 cm) or a 12 in. (30.48 cm) primary air inlet. All terminal units utilized electronically commutated motor (ECM) controllers. Data collected were compared against previous data collected for silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) units. Generalized models were developed for both series and parallel units, and compared against models developed for SCR units. In addition to the performance modeling, power factor and power quality data were also collected for each terminal unit. The power quality analysis included recording and analyzing harmonic distortion for current, voltage, and power up to the 25th harmonic. The total harmonic distortion (THD) was also recorded and presented. For the series terminal units, models were developed for fan airflow, fan power, and primary airflow. The models for fan airflow all had R2 values above 0.987. The models for fan power all had R2 values above 0.968. The models for primary airflow all had R2 values above 0.895. For the parallel terminal units, models were developed for leakage, fan airflow, fan power, and primary airflow. All of the leakage models had R2 values above 0.826. All of the fan airflow models had R2 values above 0.955. All of the fan power models had R2 values above 0.922. All of the primary airflow models had R2 values above 0.872. The real power THD was below 1.5 percent for both series and parallel FPTUs. The current THD ranged from 84 percent to 172 percent for series FPTUs and from 83 percent to 183 percent for parallel FPTUs. The voltage THD was below 1.4 percent for both series and parallel FPTUs. The performance models developed will help improve the accuracy of building energy simulation programs for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems utilizing ECM controlled FPTUs. Increasing the accuracy of these simulations will allow HVAC system designers to better optimize their designs for specific building types in a wide variety of climates.

In addition to AtCPL1-4, the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a large number of putative acid phosphatases. The predicted Arabidopsis SCP1-like small phosphatases (SSP) are highly homologous to the catalytic domain of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II carboxyl terminal domain (pol II CTD) phosphatases. Among the family members, SSP4, SSP4b and SSP5 form a unique group characterized by long N-terminal extensions. These three SSPs showed similar and ubiquitous gene expression. SSP4 and SSP4b were localized exclusively in the nuclei, while SSP5 accumulated both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In vitro observation revealed that SSP4 and SSP4b dephosphorylated the pol II CTD-PO4 at both Ser2 and Ser5 in the conserved heptad repeats; however, SSP5 dephosphorylated only Ser5 of CTD-PO4. These results indicate that Arabidopsis SSP family encodes active CTD phosphatases similarly to animal SCP1 family proteins and plant CPLs family proteins, but with distinct substrate specificities. ssp mutants did not exhibit phenotypic abnormalities under normal growth conditions. However, ssp5 single mutants and ssp4 ssp4b ssp5 triple mutants showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA and glucose during seed germination. Yet, increased ABA-inducible gene expressions were not distinguishable in triple mutants compared to wild type plants upon ABA treatment. Unlike the ssp mutations, the cpl1 mutation strongly induced RD29A expression in response to cold, ABA and NaCl treatments. Thus, the cpl1 mutant is an ideal genetic background for an inducible gene expression system, in which the detrimental effect to host plants caused by a conventional constitutive expression could be avoided. Production of flavonoid such as anthocyanins in Arabidopsis is relatively easy to monitor and is regulated by transcription factors such as PAP1. PAP1 activates the expression of multiple enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway; however, high level of flavonoid production could cause vegetative growth retardation. To optimize flavonoid accumulation, a three-component system was designed consisting of a cold inducible RD29A-PAP1 expression cassette, a feedforward effector RD29A-CBF3, and a mutation in host repressor CPL1. Transgenic cpl1 plants containing both homozygous PAP1 and CBF3 transgenes produced 30-fold higher level of total anthocyanins than control plants upon cold treatment. LC/MS/MS analysis showed the flavonoid profile in cold-induced transgenic plants resembled that of previously reported pap1-D plants but were enriched for kaempferol derivatives. Furthermore, PAP1 and environmental signals synergistically regulate flavonoid pathway to produce a flavonoid blend that has not been produced by PAP1 overexpression or cold treatment alone. These results delineate the usability of the three-component inducible system in plant metabolic engineering.

Semi-empirical models for series fan-powered variable air volume terminal units (FPTUs) were developed based on models of the primary, plenum, fan airflow and the fan power consumption. The experimental setups and test procedures were developed respectively for primary, plenum and fan airflow to test each component of the FPTUs at typical design pressures and airflows. Two sizes of the terminal units from three manufacturers were used in this study. All of the FPTUs were equipped with electronically commutated motors (ECM). Data provided by the models were compared against the data from previous experiments to prove the models’ validity. Regression modeling was performed by using SigmaStat. The model of primary airflow had an R2 above 0.948 for all the terminal units evaluated while the plenum airflow model had an R2 above 0.99. For all the terminal units, the R2 of the fan airflow model was ranged from 0.973 to 0.998. Except for one fan, the fan power consumption model was able to characterize the power performance and had an R2 above 0.986. By combining the airflow and power models, the model for series FPTU was developed. Verification was made to prove the FPTU model’s validity by comparing the measured and predicted data of airflow and power consumption. Correction factors were used in the primary airflow model to compensate for the difference caused by large measurement errors and the system effects. The predicted values were consistent with measurements and no offset was needed in the primary airflow model. Generally, the newly established model was able to describe the airflow performance as well as power consumption of series FPTUs without adding complexity.

The goal of the present study is to explore the functional involvement of the N-terminal region in the biological activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzyme. Native PLA2 from the venoms of Naja naja atra and Bungarus multicinctus and N-terminally mutated N. naja atra PLA2, i.e. an additional Met before Asn-1(M-PLA2), substitution of Asn-1 with Met-1(PLA2(N1M)) and removal of N-terminal seven residues (PLA2(¡µN7)), were employed in this study. Mutations on the N-terminal region insignificantly perturbed the binding ability of PLA2 for Ca2+ and ANS, but the enzymatic activity of mutants drastically decreased. Moreover, an alteration in the secondary structure was observed as revealed by CD spectra. Compared to other mutants, the fine structure of Ca2+-binding site within PLA2(¡µN7)) changed. Additionally, removal of the N-terminal region caused significant alternation in the structures of active site and substrate-binding site as evidenced by the results of fluorescence measurement, chemical modification and denaturation with detergents. In all N-terminal mutants, substituting Ans-1 with Met-1 affected the NNA-PLA2 structure to a least extent. The membrane-damage activity of PLA2(N1M) and M-PLA2 was 89% and 34% that of NNA-PLA2, respectively. PLA2(¡µN7) did not exhibit the membrane-damage activity. Studies on the biological activities of chemically modified N. naja atra PLA2 reflected a dissociation of the enzymatic activity from membrane-damage activity, and suggested the involvement of Trp-18, Trp-61, Lys-65, Tyr-3 and Tyr-63 in membrane-damage activity. Collectively, our data indicate that the intact N-terminus was crucial for maintaining of the functional conformation of PLA2 in the manifestation of the enzymatic activity and membrane-damage activity, and the enzymatic activity of PLA2 is in aid of but not exclusively essential for the membrane-damage effect.

Container terminal plays an important role to serve container vessel¡¦s loading and discharging in seaport. Owing to high sunk cost and resource limited in operating ( e.g. rental, quay and yard cranes, berth window, yard and so on ), container terminals are mostly run by government or conglomerate of joint carriers . Practically, there are many container terminal operation types in the world. Among them, Kaohsiung Harbor Authority ( KHB ) leases out all terminals to several vessel carriers and the terminal lessee serves hers own vessels. In such operation type, Kaohsiung port terminal industries are faced with resource limited and berth window shortage problems. Above all, under the prevailing of global alliance tendency and ports serious competition, the terminal lessees will have the pressures of lack in resource sharing advantage and cost increasing. In such situation, the terminal performance and efficiency will be deteriorated in the long run. Thus, how to seek a better way, even changing the operation type, to enhance Kaohsiung port competitive ability is an imminent problem. Therefore, in order to maintain the Kaohsiung port¡¦s competitive advantage in international seaports, this thesis aims to discuss and evaluate the possibility of joint-venture type in Kaohsiung container terminal. We take Los Angeles¡¦s joint-venture case, which is a success cooperation, as an emulating example. And we act the expert investigation by AHP analysis to process this study. Finally, we expect this conclusion and suggestions can provide an opportunity to relating organizations for further study enabling them to come up with a suitable operation type in Kaohsiung harbor.

<p>Pan Nordic Logistics (PNL) är ett logistikföretag som skickar gods inom huvudsakligen Norden men även övriga världen. PNL erbjuder olika</p><p>logistiklösningar för företag och deras kunder.</p><p>En av PNL:s godsterminaler är lokaliserad i Jönköping. Terminalen i Jönköping är inte anpassad efter dagens verksamhet. Godsmängden ökar ständigt och det råder platsbrist på terminalen. Dessa faktorer skapar ett behov av den framtida terminalen.</p><p>Syftet med examensarbetet är att underlätta PNL:s expansion genom ett väl genomtänkt förslag på hur den framtida terminalen kan se ut. Tyngdpunkten i arbetet ligger på hur terminalen på bästa sätt utformas ur layout- och flödessynpunkt.</p><p>Insamling av data har skett genom observationer, intervjuer och mätningar. För att vidare underbygga arbetet har litteraturstudier genomförts. Förslaget på den framtida terminalens utformning har utarbetats genom skalenliga skisser i CAD.</p><p>För att arbeta fram ett förslag är det nödvändigt att samla in relevant data om befintlig terminal. Den befintliga terminalens layout och flöde styrs i hög grad av sorteringsbanan som ligger centralt i lokalen. Sorteringsbanan har en flaskhals som stoppar upp flödet. Sorteringsbanan är tillsammans med portarna och den tidigare nämnda platsbristen, terminalens största svagheter.</p><p>Vid utformning av förslaget av den framtida terminalen har hänsyn tagits till de krav, behov och förutsättningar som PNL ställt upp.</p><p>Förslaget på den framtida terminalen innehåller en mängd förbättringar jämfört med den befintliga. Sorteringsbanan har förändrats för att minimera befintlig flaskhals. Den framtida terminalen har ett betydligt större antal portar med en genomtänkt struktur. Större ytor i den framtida terminalen innebär möjligheter till bredare transportgångar och smidigare godshantering. Vidare har terminalens layout utformats så att huvudgodsflödena kan passera centralt genom terminalen. Resultatet av skalenliga mätningar visar att interntransportsträckor för huvudgodsflödet blir kortare i den framtida terminalen.</p>

Gemeinsamer Workshop von Universitaetsrechenzentrum und Professur "Rechnernetze und verteilte Systeme" der Fakultaet fuer Informatik der TU Chemnitz. Workshop-Thema: Mobilitaet Der Vortrag beschreibt, welche Arten von Identifikationskarten existieren, wie diese aufgebaut sind (Betriebssystem, Speicher, Prozessoren, Funktions- und Leistungsumfang) sowie die Art und Weise der Datenuebertragung zwischen Karte und Lesegeraet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity International University, 2001. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-122).