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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Adelaide, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 240-249).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1991. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 235-252).

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-142) Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-142) Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

Este trabalho apresenta um diagnóstico da questão de automação em terminais de contêineres no Brasil, assim como oferece uma proposta de um modelo que permita auxiliar a reflexão no momento da tomada de decisão na escolha da automação de equipamentos e/ou de processos que compõem as principais atividades de um terminal de contêineres. O processo de automação é recente na indústria portuária, teve seu início na década de 90 em países europeus cujos custos laborais eram altíssimos e necessitavam aumentar a produtividade e experimentar inovações. O modelo apresentado pretende ser uma proposta de análise expandida, isto é, um conceito amplo, que não verifique apenas análises financeiras, mas outros aspectos pertinentes à gestão e planejamento de um terminal, indicados por meio de um conjunto de variáveis. A saber: Layout existente ou proposto do terminal, Investimento financeiro CAPEX e OPEX, Confiabilidade dos sistemas de automação, Integração com sistemas de Tecnologia da Informação e Inteligência de Equipamento, em especial com os Sistemas de Operações dos Terminais, mas conhecidos como TOS (Terminal Operating System), Organização do trabalho e alterações de procedimentos operacionais, Contribuição para a segurança e meio ambiente, Obrigatoriedade legal do uso de automação, Custo e Intensidade do uso de mão de obra. A contextualização do setor e evolução da automação na indústria portuária; assim como um quadro atual da situação (diagnóstico) de automação dos terminais brasileiros será apresentada. Posteriormente, a revisão bibliográfica do tema com os principais artigos nacionais e internacionais. Todo esse arcabouço busca demonstrar o hiato existente entre os estágios automatizados e não automatizados; indicar os principais entraves existentes na implantação da automação por processo existente; promover a discussão da viabilidade desses terminais entre operadores, armadores, clientes e demais intervenientes em termos de produtividade, eficiência e de custos. A delicada questão da mão de obra avulsa não foi considerada uma variável restritiva do modelo por diversas razões: pois por si só seria restrição de implantação da automação pela reserva de mercado, especialmente para avulsos; ela permeia diversos itens listados anteriormente. Ao final dessa tese, além do diagnóstico de automação no país e de uma proposta de modelo para a tomada de decisão; espera-se contribuir a pesquisa e ao ensino da engenharia e áreas de gestão indicando do grau e desenvolvimento tecnológico na área de automação especificamente para terminais de contêineres. E, por derradeiro, fomentar uma reflexão sobre a profundidade das mudanças operacionais e organizacionais do trabalho que podem ocorrer. / This study aims a diagnosis of automation in container terminals in Brazil, and offers a proposal of model that allows assist the reflection at the time of decision making in the choice of automation equipment and/or processes that compose the main activities of a container terminal. The automation process is recent into port industry, beginning in the 90s in European countries whose labor costs were very high and needed to increase productivity and test innovations. The model to be presented is intended to be a proposal for expanded analysis, ie, a wide concept, which not only make financial analysis, but others relevant to the terminal management and planning, indicated by a set of variable features. Namely: existing or proposed layout, Financial Investment CAPEX and OPEX, Reliability of automation systems, integration of Information and Intelligence hardware technology systems, in particular with the Terminal Operating System (TOS), organization of work and changes in Standards Operating Procedures, Contribution to safety and the environment, legal obligation of the use of automation, cost and intensity of use of labor. The contextualization of the sector and the evolution of automation in the port industry; as the current situation (diagnosis) of Brazilian container terminals will be presented. Subsequently, the literature review of the topic with the main national and international articles. All this framework seeks to demonstrate the gap between automated and non-automated stages; indicate the main barriers in implementation of automation for existing process; further discussion of the viability of these terminals to operators, shipowners, customers and others stakeholders in terms of productivity, efficiency and cost. The delicate issue of dock workers was not considered a restrictive variable model for several reasons: it alone would restriction deployment automation by booking deployment automation, especially for dockers pool; it permeates many items listed above. At the end of this thesis, in addition to the diagnosis of automation in the country and a proposed model for decision making; is expected to contribute to research and education in engineering and management areas indicating the degree and technological development in automation specifically for container terminals. And at last, to promote reflections on the depth of operational and organizational job changes that may occur.

The molecular mechanisms of synaptic function and development have been studied extensively, but little is known about the energy requirements of synapses, or the mechanisms that coordinate their energy production with their metabolic demands. These are oversights, as synapses with high energy demands are more susceptible to degeneration and degrade in the early stages of diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscle atrophy and Parkinson’s disease. Here, in a structure-function study at Drosophila motor neuron terminals, a neurophysiological model was generated to investigate how power (ATP/s) supply is integrated to satisfy the power demand of presynaptic terminals. Power demands were estimated from six nerve terminals through direct measurements of neurotransmitter release and Ca2+ entry, as well as theoretical estimation of Na+ entry and power demands at rest (cost of housekeeping). The data was leveraged with a computational model that simulated the power demands of the terminals during their physiological activity, revealing high volatility in which power demands can increase 15-fold within milliseconds as neurons transition from rest to activity. Another computational model was generated that simulated ATP production scenarios regarding feedback to the power supply machinery (Oxphos and glycolysis) through changes in nucleotide concentrations, showing that feedback from nucleotides alone fail to stimulate power supply to match the power demands of each terminal. Failure of feedback models invokes the need for feed forward mechanisms (such as Ca2+) to stimulate power supply machinery to match power demands. We also quantified mitochondrial volume, density, number and size in each nerve terminal, revealing all four features positively correlate with the terminals power demands. This suggests the terminals enhance their oxidative capacity by increasing mitochondrial content to satisfy their power demands. And lastly, we demonstrate that abolishing an ATP buffering system (the phosphagen system) does not impair neurotransmission in the nerve terminals, suggesting motor nerve terminals are capable of satisfying their power demands without the ATP buffering system. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

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