La capacité dynamique d'une organisation est son aptitude à constamment modifier et faire évoluer ses ressources, ses compétences et ses processus afin de répondre aux exigences de son environnement, et d'être proactive vis-à-vis de celui-ci. Cependant, il est constaté que le lien entre capacités dynamiques et relations inter-organisationnelles reste peu développé dans la littérature. Pour cette raison, notre questionnement est de savoir si l'environnement réticulaire, de par ses caractéristiques structurelles et contextuelles, est propice au déploiement et à la création des capacités dynamiques. Il s'agit de s'interroger sur les processus qui permettent le déploiement, la détection et la création de capacités dynamiques, de voir si elles opèrent individuellement ou en combinaison, et comprendre comment elles évoluent. Aussi, nous nous interrogeons sur le caractère inter-organisationnel des capacités dynamiques. Peuvent-elles être construites ou émerger de l'interaction ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons choisi de mener notre étude dans des réseaux territorialisés dans la région PACA. Les entretiens menés montrent la nécessité de prendre en compte les actions collectives initiées par ces réseaux d'organisations et le rôle de la proximité (au sens large) comme leviers à la mise en oeuvre des capacités dynamiques des entreprises adhérentes ou d'émergence des « capacités dynamiques réticulaires ». Les résultats de recherche nous permettent d'affirmer le rôle des facteurs structurels et contextuels des réseaux sur le déploiement et la création des CD et de caractériser celles-ci dans ce contexte de réseau territorialisé. / The dynamic capability of an organization is its ability to constantly change and develop its resources, skills and processes to meet the needs of, and act upon its changing environment. However, the link between dynamic capabilities (DC) and inter-organizational relationships is rarely developed in the literature. Therefore, our dissertation deals with whether the network environment, through its structural and contextual characteristics, is suitable for the deployment and the development of DC. We question the processes that enable the deployment, detection and the creation of DC to understand whether DCs operate individually or in combination, and try to understand which DCs operate. Also, we question the inter-organizational nature of dynamic capabilities in territorial networks. Can DC be built or emerge from interactions in these networks? To answer these questions, we chose to conduct in-depth interviews in different territorial networks in the PACA region in France. Results of this empirical study show the need to take into account collective actions initiated by these networks of organizations, underline the role of proximity (broadly defined) as a means to deploy dynamic capabilities, and indicate the emergence of "network dynamic capabilities". Research results allow us to confirm the role of structural and contextual characteristics of territorial networks on the deployment and the creation of these capabilities and allow us to identify them in these contexts.

Os deslocamentos de homens, mulheres e famílias inteiras, moradoras no município de Timbiras/MA para o labor nas atividades da agricultura canavieira no Estado de São Paulo se desenrola por uma série de redes de relações pessoais, que abrange diversos agentes sociais, tanto no Maranhão - no município timbirense e também em municípios vizinhos - como nas duas principais cidades em que residem durante a colheita da gramínea, no Estado de São Paulo: Guariba e Pradópolis. Por meio de testemunhos orais, colhidos no município de Timbiras (MA) e nas cidades paulistas de Guariba e Pradópolis, buscamos compreender as relações entre a rede de informações familiares e as redes territoriais de apoio que fundamentam o processo migratório. A primeira se sustenta a partir de vínculos de reciprocidade nutridos pelos trabalhadores migrantes nos espaços sociais das referidos municípios do Estado do Maranhão e de São Paulo. Já as redes territoriais de apoio dão suporte a essa troca de informações entre os territórios de migração e o dito local de moradia do tronco ou núcleo familiar, no Maranhão nos anos 2000. Essas redes de relações pessoais, fundamentais para alavancar a experiência migratória, se costuram, se refiguram e se fortalecem a partir de múltiplas formas de trocas de informações entre os que migraram e os que não migraram, bem como entre os possíveis migrantes e os agentes responsáveis pelo processo de deslocamento e recrutamento até a área canavieira paulista. Compreende-se que há uma vinculação estreita entre o processo de construção de territórios de migração e a territorialidade experimentada na área de origem, sustentada por redes múltiplas de relações sociais que cimentam estas territorialidades criadas e ressignificadas com a migração. / The displacements of men, women and entire families living in the city of Timbiras/MA for labor in agricultural activities of sugarcane in the state of São Paulo unfolds through a series of networks of personal relationships, covering many different social agents, both in Maranhão in the city of Timbiras and in neighboring counties as well - and in the two major cities where they live during the harvest of sugarcane, in the State of São Paulo: Guariba and Pradópolis. By oral testimonies, collected in the municipality of Timbiras (MA) and in the cities of Guariba (SP) and Pradópolis (SP), we sought to achieve the understanding of the relationships between the network of family information and territorial networks of support that underlie the migration process. The first is based on the bonds of reciprocity fed by migrant workers in the social spaces of these referred cities in the state of Maranhão and São Paulo. The territorial networks of support gives a base to this exchange of information between the territories of migration and the place of residence of core of the family, in Maranhão in the year of 2000. These networks of personal relationships, fundamental to leverage the experience of migration, sew themselves get strengthened from multiple forms of information exchange between those who migrated and those who did not, as well as among potential migrants and the agents responsible for the process displacement and recruitment to the sugarcane production area in São Paulo. It was possible to understand that there is a close relationship between the process of construction of territories of migration and the territoriality experienced in the area of origin, supported by multiple networks of social relationships that cement these territorialities created and re-signified with the migration.

La croissance démographique des vingt prochaines années au pays est orientée vers les villes intermédiaires. Ceci est une possibilité substantielle pour un développement plus équitable à condition que ces villes agissent en articulation, constituant ainsi un réseau territorial des villes intermédiaires. Étant une alternative réticulaire dans un cadre doccupation urbaine très centralisé comme le Pérou. La préoccupation centrale se place sur le mode doccupation spatiale en réseau. La spatialité du réseau territorial est composée par la relation entre les centres, les liens et fondamentalement les surfaces. Ce dernier composant constat daccumulation local dans le territoire, observable dans le propre paysage, et configure le réseau dans lespace. L´étude de cas prend la vallée basse du Jequetepeque, sur la côte au nord du pays, où loccupation urbaine sest construite dans un réseau de villes intermédiaires. Ce réseau pourrait être efficient, prennent en compte des conditions spatiales et topologiques, et servir de modèle spatial pour dautres alternatives territoriales. Lapproche méthodologique se structure sur trois réseaux fondamentaux, leau, qui implique directement les surfaces et le paysage; les transports en commun, que remettent en question la relation entre les échelles et laccessibilité aux villes; et la gestion municipale, où lon trouve la dimension politique et décisionnelle. Autres approches danalyse sont, larticulation entre les échelles spatiales, les dichotomies spatiales où se placent non seulement les conflits mais les potentialités, et finalement lexistence des réseaux concernant leur efficience et possibilités. Le modèle est énoncé à partir de ses composants, les conditions spatiales et topologiques requisses pour un réseau territorial, les relations entre échelles territoriales, les variables et constants spatiales, les réseaux fondamentaux, et lorganisation spatial du réseau.

Os deslocamentos de homens, mulheres e famílias inteiras, moradoras no município de Timbiras/MA para o labor nas atividades da agricultura canavieira no Estado de São Paulo se desenrola por uma série de redes de relações pessoais, que abrange diversos agentes sociais, tanto no Maranhão - no município timbirense e também em municípios vizinhos - como nas duas principais cidades em que residem durante a colheita da gramínea, no Estado de São Paulo: Guariba e Pradópolis. Por meio de testemunhos orais, colhidos no município de Timbiras (MA) e nas cidades paulistas de Guariba e Pradópolis, buscamos compreender as relações entre a rede de informações familiares e as redes territoriais de apoio que fundamentam o processo migratório. A primeira se sustenta a partir de vínculos de reciprocidade nutridos pelos trabalhadores migrantes nos espaços sociais das referidos municípios do Estado do Maranhão e de São Paulo. Já as redes territoriais de apoio dão suporte a essa troca de informações entre os territórios de migração e o dito local de moradia do tronco ou núcleo familiar, no Maranhão nos anos 2000. Essas redes de relações pessoais, fundamentais para alavancar a experiência migratória, se costuram, se refiguram e se fortalecem a partir de múltiplas formas de trocas de informações entre os que migraram e os que não migraram, bem como entre os possíveis migrantes e os agentes responsáveis pelo processo de deslocamento e recrutamento até a área canavieira paulista. Compreende-se que há uma vinculação estreita entre o processo de construção de territórios de migração e a territorialidade experimentada na área de origem, sustentada por redes múltiplas de relações sociais que cimentam estas territorialidades criadas e ressignificadas com a migração. / The displacements of men, women and entire families living in the city of Timbiras/MA for labor in agricultural activities of sugarcane in the state of São Paulo unfolds through a series of networks of personal relationships, covering many different social agents, both in Maranhão in the city of Timbiras and in neighboring counties as well - and in the two major cities where they live during the harvest of sugarcane, in the State of São Paulo: Guariba and Pradópolis. By oral testimonies, collected in the municipality of Timbiras (MA) and in the cities of Guariba (SP) and Pradópolis (SP), we sought to achieve the understanding of the relationships between the network of family information and territorial networks of support that underlie the migration process. The first is based on the bonds of reciprocity fed by migrant workers in the social spaces of these referred cities in the state of Maranhão and São Paulo. The territorial networks of support gives a base to this exchange of information between the territories of migration and the place of residence of core of the family, in Maranhão in the year of 2000. These networks of personal relationships, fundamental to leverage the experience of migration, sew themselves get strengthened from multiple forms of information exchange between those who migrated and those who did not, as well as among potential migrants and the agents responsible for the process displacement and recruitment to the sugarcane production area in São Paulo. It was possible to understand that there is a close relationship between the process of construction of territories of migration and the territoriality experienced in the area of origin, supported by multiple networks of social relationships that cement these territorialities created and re-signified with the migration.