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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Análise da evolução da multirressistência de bactérias gram negativas no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto no Período de 1999 a 2008 / Gram Negative Bacteria; Multidrug-Resistance; Trends; Tertiary Hospital

Oliveira, Viviane Decicera Colombo 02 May 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vivianedeciceracolombooliveira_dissert.pdf: 908582 bytes, checksum: 3c95ae4a3fb33fb357397cfbcc4f9bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-02 / Hospital bacterial resistance to multiple antibiotics is a great concern worldwide. This study objective was to know the multidrug-resistantance (MDR) agents, clinical materials, origin, trends, and to correlate them with the bacterial sensitivity and antimicrobial consumption. A total of 53,316 nosocomial bacteria were assessed in a tertiary hospital during the period from 1999 to 2008. MDR was defined for gram negative bacteria (GNB) when it presented resistance to two or more classes/groups of antibiotics. GNB were predominant (66.1%). GNB MDR had a global increase of 3.7 times in the end of the period. Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent (36.2%). The most frequent materials were urinary and respiratory. A significant increase occurred during the period of 4.8 and 14.6 times of the A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Sixty-seven percent of GNB MDR was from the Intensive Care Units. A. baumannii resistance to carbapenemics increased from 7.4% to 57.5% during the period, concomitant to the consumption increase. The resistance of K. pneumoniae to the cephalosporins had a high increase during the decade. P. aeruginosa decreased in these last two years with a recovery of the sensitivity. / A resistência bacteriana hospitalar a múltiplos antibióticos é uma grande preocupação mundial. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer os agentes multidroga-resistentes (MDR), materiais clínicos, origem, evolução e correlacionar com a sensibilidade bacteriana e consumo de antimicrobianos. Foram avaliadas 53.316 bactérias de origem nosocomial, num hospital terciário, durante o período de 1999 a 2008. Foi definida a MDR para as bactérias gram negativas (BGN) quando apresentava resistência a duas ou mais classes/grupos de antibióticos. As BGN foram predominantes (66,1%). As BGN MDR tiveram um aumento global de 3,7 vezes no final do período. O Acinetobacter baumannii foi o mais prevalente (36,2%). Os materiais mais freqüentes foram urinário e respiratório. Ocorreu um aumento significativo durante o período de 4,8 e 14,6 vezes do A. baumannii e K. pneumoniae, respectivamente. Sessenta e sete por cento das BGN MDR foram das UTIs. A resistência do A. baumannii aos carbapenêmicos aumentou de 7,4% para 57,5% durante o período, concomitante ao aumento do consumo. A resistência da K. pneumoniae às cefalosporinas teve um grande aumento durante a década. Houve diminuição da P. aeruginosa nos últimos dois anos com uma recuperação da sensibilidade.
12

Avaliação da passagem de acesso venoso central nos pacientes em sala de emergência de um Hospital Terciário / . Evaluation of the passage of central venous access in patients in the emergency room of a Tertiary Hospital.

Correa, Alini 01 September 2017 (has links)
Submitted by ALINI CORRÊA null (alinicorrea@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-18T22:49:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Mestrado Final 02 fev 2018 Final - Aline.pdf: 2102740 bytes, checksum: 20c05cd86371335809d233c979ef6968 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-03-19T14:26:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_a_me_bot.pdf: 2102740 bytes, checksum: 20c05cd86371335809d233c979ef6968 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-19T14:26:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_a_me_bot.pdf: 2102740 bytes, checksum: 20c05cd86371335809d233c979ef6968 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-01 / Introdução: Os serviços de urgência e emergência têm o objetivo de diminuir a morbimortalidade e as sequelas incapacitantes. A capacidade médica e da equipe de enfermagem para a passagem do cateter venoso central se explica pelo fato dos riscos existentes na realização desse procedimento. As complicações relacionadas a cateter venoso central incluem punção de artéria carótida, pneumotórax, hemotórax, tamponamento cardíaco, infecções, embolia e hidrotórax. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o procedimento de passagem de cateter venoso central realizado pela equipe médica em pacientes atendidos em sala de emergência. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo clínico epidemiológico, transversal, descritivo e observacional com 104 pacientes que deram entrada na sala de emergência adulto do pronto-socorro referenciado de um hospital público do interior de São Paulo, caracterizado como hospital terciário, onde realiza atendimento ao paciente pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de 01/08/2016 a 01/12/2016 pela pesquisadora e por cinco enfermeiros previamente treinados contemplando os turnos de trabalho diurno e noturno. Para as avaliações foi utilizado um instrumento de coleta de dados baseado nos padrões de conformidade do ministério da saúde para a passagem de cateter venoso central, dados do prontuário eletrônico do paciente e resultados de cultura de ponta de cateter e hemocultura central e periférica dos pacientes que foram submetidos ao procedimento de cateter venoso central. Resultados e Discussão: Foram analisados 104 pacientes com idade variando entre 26 a 87 anos, sendo 51,9% do sexo masculino. Destes pacientes, 53 (51%) eram do município de Botucatu e 72,1% da especialidade clínica, A indicação do uso de cateter venoso central se deu em sua maioria por droga vasoativa (58,7%) seguida de gravidade (43,3%). Houve associação significante entre idade e complicações durante a passagem de cateter venoso central (OR=0,94, p=0,033). A chance de complicação em função do número de procedimento foi menor em homens bem como a chance de óbito. A chance de infecção em função ao número de procedimentos foi menor nos homens. A chance de óbito foi significativa menor em função ao número de procedimentos em relação a especialidade cirúrgica quando comparada com a clínica A chance de pacientes com trauma evoluírem a óbito foi de 20 vezes maior e de pacientes graves 13 vezes maior. Em pacientes graves. Sabe-se que o uso do cateter venoso central não é isento de complicações. Tradicionalmente, os dispositivos são inseridos por meio de técnica de reparos anatômicos externos na qual a visualização e a palpação de reparos anatômicos servem de referência para se inferir o melhor local para punção. No entanto, essa técnica é sujeita a falhas, principalmente por conta de variações anatômicas na população e também por falta de protocolo pré-estabelecido. Conclusão: Perante todos os achados do estudo, foi desenvolvido, um protocolo de passagem de acesso venoso central que será apresentado a equipe de infecção hospitalar do Hospital das Clínicas e posteriormente implantado no pronto-socorro para que os profissionais médicos sigam um padrão de execução do procedimento de passagem de CVC. / Introduction: Emergency and emergency services aim to reduce morbidity and mortality and disabling sequelae. The medical and nursing team's ability to pass the central venous catheter is explained by the fact that there are risks involved in performing this procedure. Complications related to central venous catheters include carotid artery puncture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, cardiac tamponade, infections, embolism and hydrothorax. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the procedure of central venous catheter passage performed by the medical team in patients seen in an emergency room. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational epidemiological study of 104 patients admitted to the emergency room of the referenced emergency room of a public hospital in the interior of São Paulo, characterized as a tertiary hospital managed by the Sistema Único The data collection was performed in the period from 08/01/2016 to 01/12/2016 by the researcher and by five nurses previously trained contemplating the shifts of day and night work. For the evaluations, a data collection instrument was used following the compliance standards of the ministry of health and the pre-established protocol of the University of the State of São Paulo for the passage of a central venous catheter, data from the patient's electronic medical record, and results of Culture of the catheter and central and peripheral blood cultures of the patients who underwent the central venous catheter procedure. Results and Discussion: A total of 104 patients, ranging from 26 to 87 years old, were analyzed, 51.9% of whom were male. Of these patients, 53 (51%) were from the city of Botucatu and 72.1% from the clinical specialty. The indication for the use of central venous catheter was mostly vasoactive (58.7%) followed by severity (43, 3%). There was a significant association between age and complications during the passage of a central venous catheter (OR = 0.94, p = 0.033). The chance of complication due to the number of procedure was lower in men as well as the chance of death. The chance of infection due to the number of procedures was lower in men. The chance of death was significantly lower due to the number of procedures compared to the surgical specialty when compared to the clinic. The chance of patients with trauma evolving to death was 20 times higher and that of severe patients 13 times greater. In severe patients. It is known that the use of the central venous catheter is not free of complications. Traditionally, the devices are inserted through an external anatomical repair technique in which the visualization and palpation of anatomical repairs serve as a reference to infer the best place for puncture. However, this technique is subject to failures, mainly due to anatomical variations in the population and also due to lack of pre-established protocol. Conclusion: In view of all the findings of the study, a central venous access protocol was developed as a product that will be presented to the hospital infection team of the Hospital das Clínicas and later implanted in the emergency room so that medical professionals follow a pattern of Application of procedure.
13

Experiences of professional nurses on the shortage of resources in a tertiary hospital in Tshwane district

Jiyane, Makoasha Philistus 11 1900 (has links)
South Africa is experiencing shortage of resources in most health services, including tertiary hospitals. This leads to a situation where health care workers, especially professional nurses (PNs) leave to private nursing or go abroad for better work conditions. The aim of this study was to explore and describe experiences of PNs on the shortage of resources at a tertiary hospital in Tshwane District. The study followed a qualitative, explorative, descriptive design based on phenomenological interpretive approach. Purposive sample of 16 participants were recruited. Unstructured interviews with a grand tour question was used to conduct face-to-face individual interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. TheTesch’s method of analysis was utilised. Target group was PNs aged between 25 and 65 years who have worked for two or more years in selected units. Experiences of PNs on shortage of resources was reported as the major findings of this study. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

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