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The diploma thesis compares the photophysical, photooxidative and photocytotoxic properties of four polymer nanofabrics with encapsulated 5,10,15,20 - meso - tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP). The main focus of the work lies especially in the study of the effect of polymer oxygen permeability on the ability of nanofabrics to produce singlet oxygen and the utilization of nanofabrics for measurement of the polymer oxygen permeability and polymer oxygen diffusion coefficients. A possible application of nanofabrics in the framework of oxygen detection, photooxidation of substrates and photodesinfection has been studied as well.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-08T18:36:41Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 06-10-2015-Tese(FINAL) Beate.pdf: 6575678 bytes, checksum: cdc2b377e45a971cafecf1f7f6a889b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-08T18:36:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 06-10-2015-Tese(FINAL) Beate.pdf: 6575678 bytes, checksum: cdc2b377e45a971cafecf1f7f6a889b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / CNPQ E CAPES / Na elaboração de sínteses para estrutura metal-orgânica (Cu3BTC2), conhecido como MOE-199, ou HKUST-1, uma rota e dois métodos foram desenvolvidos: Eletroquímica em temperatura ambiente (TA) e moderada (TM), sonoeletroquímica e ablação de laser em líquido, a qual proporcionou um material desejado com moderado rendimento. Muitas técnicas de caracterização (XRD, FT–IR, SEM, e TGA) mostraram que o HKUST-1 foi obtido em muitos métodos. No entanto, foram encontradas diferenças interessantes em funcionalização, dependendo das condições de síntese que produziram a mesma estrutura de [Cu3(BTC)2] com hospedeiros, mas com diferentes espécies hóspedes coordenada em geral. Por análise de padrão de DRX foi possível identificar os picos característicos de CuO no método EQ do material obtido com fase secundária, mostrando que esta metodologia é bastante versátil dando lugar a este produto, embora o complexo [Cu3(BTC)2] tenha obtido bons rendimentos. Indepen- dentemente da fonte de energia aplicada, em todos os processos, a desejada MOE [Cu3(BTC)2] foi obtida. A fim de determinar se o método de síntese teve impacto diretamente sobre o comportamento eletroquímico do material, foi aplicada a voltametria cíclica (CV), para investigação. Os resultados eletroquímicos demonstraram que a resistência à contribuição farádica, aumenta na seguinte ordem: Cu-MOFSEQ < Cu-MOFEQ(TA) < Cu-MOFEQ(TM) e Cu-MOFLAL. Este comportamento pode ser associado com a presença de CuO em Cu-MOFEQ(TM) e de cobre em Cu-MOFLAL. No entanto, a MOE sintetizada à temperatura ambiente mostrou um teor menor de cobre, o que pode ser eletroquimicamente transformada, bem como a pureza, em comparação com os obtidos por método eletroquímico em temperatura moderada (TM) e a ablação a laser no estado líquido (LAL). Igual procedimento foi usado para os derivados de Cu-MOFEQ(RT): Cu(TFP)-MOF, and Cu(TPP).DMF-MOF. Eles apresentaram a seguinte ordem de crescimento: Cu(TFP)-MOF < Cu(TFP)DMF-MOF < Cu-MOF < Cu(DMF)-MOF. Este comportamento pode ser associado à presença da tetrafenilporfirina em Cu(TPP)-MOFEQ e Cu(TPP).DMF–MOFEQ. Seus comportamentos eletroquímicos apresentaram uma grande resistência faradáica mostrando o porquê dos seus efeitos de métodos. / In the elaboration of syntheses for metal-organic framework [Cu3(BTC)2] (commonly known as MOF-199 or HKUST-1), one route and two methods were developed: Electrochemical in room temperature (RT) and upper (HT), sonoelectrochemical and Laser ablation in Liquid (LAL); which afforded the desired material in moderate yields. Several characterization techniques (XRD, FT–IR, SEM and TGA) showed that HKUST-1 was obtained in every method. However, were found interesting differences in functionalization depending on the electrochemical synthesis conditions which produced the same [Cu3(BTC)2] host network but with different coordinative and bulk molecular guests. By XRD pattern analysis, it was possible to identify characteristic peaks of CuO and DMF in the EQ, obtained material as secondary phase, showing that this methodology is quite harsh giving place to this product, although the [Cu3(BTC)2] complex was obtained in good yield. Regardless the energy source applied, in all three cases the desired [Cu3(BTC)2] MOF was obtained. In order to determine if the method of synthesis had impacts directly on the electrochemical behavior of the material was applied cyclic voltammetry (CV), for investigation. The electrochemical results have shown that the resistance to the faradic contribution, increase in the following order: Cu–MOFSEQ < Cu–MOFEQ(RT) < Cu-MOFEQ(HT) < Cu–MOFLAL. This behavior can be associated to the presence of CuO in Cu-MOFEQ(HT) and Copper in Cu–MOFLAL. However, the synthesized MOF at room temperature showed a smaller content of copper, which could be electrochemically transformed, as well as purity, in comparison with those obtained by electrochemical (HT) and Laser ablation in Liquid (LAL) methods. The same procedure was used for derived of Cu-MOFEQ(RT): Cu(TFP)-MOF, and Cu(TPP).DMF-MOF. They presented the following growing order: Cu(TFP)-MOFEQ < Cu(TFP)DMF-MOFEQ < Cu-MOFEQ <Cu(DMF)-MOFEQ. This behavior can be associated to the presence of tetraphenylporphiryn in Cu(TPP)-MOFEQ and Cu(TPP).DMF–MOFEQ. Their behaviors electrochemical presented a larger resistance faradáica showing the reason of the effects of methods be different.

La photothérapie dynamique (PDT) consiste en la destruction d’une tumeur par l’association de l’administration d’un photosensibilisateur et de l’exposition à la lumière visible. Ce travail comporte : i) une étude de l’ionisation et de la lipophilie d’une série de photosensibilisateurs, des méso-tétraphénylporphyrines (TPP) glycoconjuguées, ii) une évaluation de l’impact de ces deux propriétés sur la distribution plasmatique et la localisation subcellulaire du photosensibilisateur.La protonation des azotes tétrapyrroliques a été étudiée par spectroscopie électronique, combinéeà une analyse chimiométrique, tandis que la lipophilie a été évaluée par chromatographie liquide haute performance. L’impact de différents effets de substitution (position, nombre ou nature du substituant) sur ces deux propriétés physico-chimiques a été mis en évidence.Dans le plasma, les TPP glycoconjuguées se lient principalement aux lipoprotéines de haute densité. La lipophilie de ces dérivés permet d'expliquer leur affinité pour les lipoprotéines, mais pas pour l'albumine. L’étude de localisation subcellulaire, combinant approche expérimentale et modélisation, a conduit à proposer une hypothèse expliquant la localisation de la TPP(pODEGOαManOH)3 au niveau du réticulum endoplasmique, hypothèse accordant un rôle central à la lipophilie de la TPP . A l'issue de ce travail, avant d'appliquer nos hypothèses à la synthèse de nouvelles molécules, il apparaît nécessaire de mieux explorer l'impact de la distribution plasmatique et de la localisation subcellulaire sur l'efficacité PDT. / Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is based on the destruction of a tumor tissue through a combinationof administration of a photosensitizer and exposure to visible light. This work includes : i) a study of ionization and hydrophobicity of a series of candidate sensitizers, glycoconjugated mesotetraphenylporphyrins (TPP), ii) an evaluation of the impact of those two physico-chemicalproperties on sensitizer's plasma distribution and subcellular localization. Protonation of tetrapyrrolic nitrogens has been studied by electronic spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis whereas hydrophobicity has been evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of substitution modalities (position, number and nature of pendantgroups) on both physico-chemical properties has been evidenced.In human plasma, glycoconjugated TPPs mainly bind to high density lipoproteins. Hydrophobicity accounts for differences in affinities towards lipoproteins, but not towards albumin. Subcellular localization studies, combining computational and experimental approaches, led to formulate some assumptions explaining localization of TPP(pODEGOαManOH)3 in endoplasmic reticulum,assumptions centered on a major role of sensitizer's hydrophobicity. At the end of this work, before trying to use our conclusions for the design of new sensitizers, it remains necessary to better explore the effect of plasma distribution and subcellular localization on sensitizer's photo-efficiency.

The studies presented here address the characterization of the electronic structure of various self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) SAMs and arrays, formed on gold substrates. PNA is a promising alternative to DNA for bio-sensing applications, as well as for strategies for self-assembly based on nucleic acid hybridization. In recent years charge transfer through PNA molecules was a focus of research due to possible applications in self-assembled molecular circuits and molecular tools. In light of this research it is interesting to investigate the electronic structure of PNA interfaces to gold, a potential electrode material. TPP is, due to its electronic structure, an organic p-type molecular semiconductor. Such a material can provide an alternative to standard micro- and optoelectronic devices and in recent years more attention was paid to semiconducting polymers and organic compounds offering these low-cost and flexible alternatives. Therefore, it is of high importance to investigate the prospect of using modified TPP molecules for the formation of interconnected molecular networks on metallic surfaces. All investigated monolayers were formed from solution in a nitrogen atmosphere inside a homemade glove box. This process allowed for PNA SAM and TPP SAM and array formation on clean Au substrates without the exposure to the ambient atmosphere. Ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (UPS and XPS) measurements on the resulting PNA SAMs and TPP SAMs and arrays, which were performed in a to the glove box attached vacuum chamber containing a photoemission spectrometer, revealed the hole injection barriers at the interfaces and the interface dipoles. In addition to the UPS and XPS measurements on PNA, electronic structure calculations based on molecular dynamics sampling of the PNA structure were obtained, yielding the HOMO-LUMO gap and the electronic density of states for PNA. Combined with the UPS data, the theoretical calculations enabled estimation of the charge injection barriers for the PNA SAMs at the interface, as well as the assignment of individual UP-spectral features to specific molecular orbitals. The orbital line-up at the interface between the Au substrate and the PNA indicated a significant interface dipole resulting in the alignment of the Au Fermi level near the center of the PNA HOMO-LUMO gap. This alignment causes large charge injection barriers for both holes and electrons, and thus impedes charge transfer from Au into the PNA SAM. The study of PNA molecules with ferrocene termini showed that this hole injection barrier is shifted to lower energies at the PNA/ferrocene interface. This shift was explained with a molecular orbital reconfiguration through the presence of the ferrocene terminus. The further investigation of the dependence of the electronic structure of PNA SAMs, based on their orientation, showed that incomplete films containing flat lying molecules can have a significant impact on the charge injection barriers. The close proximity of the nucleobases to the Au surface offers new ways for charge transfer between the substrate and the PNA molecule through its nitrogen sites, leading to a lowering of the hole injection barrier at the interface. The TPP arrays were formed by depositing AgNO3 on the Au substrate prior to TPP incubation using the electrospray technique. The interaction of AgNO3 with the TPP promoted the formation of an interconnected thin film forming a network on the Au substrate. The line-up at the Au/TPP interface without AgNO3 exposure showed an interface dipole formation with injection barriers that would potentially obstruct charge injection into the molecule. However, the addition of AgNO3 to the process resulted in the formation of fine structures, and lead to a lower hole injection barrier due to an induced dipole, which would ultimately improve charge transfer between the substrate and the thin film. A separate thiolated TPP derivative was used to form SAMs on a gold substrate. The SAM exhibited an even lower injection barrier than the mentioned TPP thin film with AgNO3 exposure, leading to the conclusion that a mix of both TPP derivatives could potentially lead to a SAM with long range interconnectivity and a low hole injection barrier towards the substrate.

No description available.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide well-defined and ordered films of molecules spontaneously chemisorbed on a surface. By designing molecules with desired functionalities, such molecular film can be interesting for a range of applications from molecular electronics to catalysis. Important parameters for SAM applications are the film structure and quality, which are dependent on the structure of molecular constituents, the substrate, and the self-assembly process. In this work, SAMs on Au(111) of a variety of functionalized molecules, with thiol and silane headgroups, have been studied using high-resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HRXPS), near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), contact angle measurements and Kelvin probe measurements. In particular, the effects of varying the size of the backbone, varying the headgroup, inclusion of a porphyrin tailgroup, different ways of deprotection of the headgroups, and mixed molecular layers have been investigated. The first part of thesis work is focused on SAMs of oligo(phenyleneethynylene) (OPE) derivatives. First the effect of the extent of the conjugated system on the structure of SAM was investigated. As the lateral π-system in the OPE backbone increases, molecular surface densities become lower and molecular inclinations larger. Subsequently, a bulky porphyrin tailgroup was added onto the OPE molecule. Porphyrin-functionalized OPE with several headgroups were compared and the thioacetyl anchor group was found to form a high quality SAM. In the second part of the work, the molecular orientation of thiol-derivatized tetraphenylporphyrin layers was studied. The geometry of the molecular layer and the number of linkers that bind to the gold surface depend strongly on preparation schemes, i.e. whether or not the acetyl protection groups on the thiol were removed before adsorption. Finally, mixed SAMs of a ferrocene-terminated alkanethiol and alkanethiols were studied. By diluting the ferrocene-functionalized molecules in unfunctionalized alkanethiols, the orientational order and the packing density improved. The geometrical structure and the fraction of the ferrocene-terminated molecules can be tuned by controlling the parameters in the preparation scheme.