The aim of this Master´s thesis is the contrastive analysis of discourse markers on a selected type of texts in Spanish and Czech language. The thesis is divided in two parts theoretical and practical part. Firstly, in the theoretical part of the thesis, is introduced the textual linguistic the field which studies discourse markers. For wholeness, are briefly mentioned all of the seven standards of textuality with profound focus on textual coherence. Other part of the thesis aims on terminology of discourse markers (especially on conectores), which is problematic, and various classifications according to Czech and Spanish authors. The last part of the theoretical part is dedicated to attitude markers the main theme of this thesis, their characteristics, functions and examples. The practical part of the thesis is introduced by contrastive analysis of attitude markers carried out on selected sample of texts. Firstly the attitude markers are identified and secondly described and classified. Also is mentioned the absolute and relative frequency and comparison of the contrasts and coincidences in both languages. The thesis is finally summarized in Spanish résumé.

(in English): The aim of this dissertation is to characterize linguistic devices of contemporary French in the technical field of maintaining a healthy diet based on an analysis of texts from this communicative field. The work is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on defining the field of nutrition and theoretical foundations needed for textual analysis. Technical discourse is characterized in terms of its composition and linguistic devices such as morphosyntactic means and technical vocabulary. The second part defines the types of texts by the addressee, which classifies professional theoretical texts, practical scientific texts, educational texts and didactic texts. Each text is analyzed in terms of the pragmatic plane, discursive plane, notice plane, and then by morfosyntactic and lexical devices. Before the analysis itself, the methodology is defined and sets the different planes of analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Losana Hada de Oliveira Prado.pdf: 10720546 bytes, checksum: 8c167b1d528672042508c1271167c35e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of this research is to study the chronicles written by José Geraldo Couto, Eduardo Gonçalves de Andrade (Tostão), José Roberto Torero, José Carlos Amaral Kfouri (Juca kfouri) and Xico Sá in the sporting section of the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo, examining the traces of the intertextuality. The research aims at contributing to the studies of texts, verifying how intertextual processes can determine the production of meaning. In order to achieve that, we have grounded the dissertation in the light of bakhtinian studies, Text Linguistic and Discourse Analysis. Considering that a text is composed by others texts and at the same time is part in the other texts, the identification of the intertexture is important to produce the meaning in the chronicle reading. The analysis was carried out so as to contemplate theoretical analytical procedures. In this sense, the cognitive principles attached to others stand out. The results obtained have evidenced that the reader must activate his previous knowledge and identify the intertextuallity to build the main idea in the opinion sections reading. All the procedure of this research proves that the development of the studies about intertextuallity can no longer be conceived of pure texts or of unbiased authorship / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar as crônicas esportivas do caderno de esporte do jornal Folha de S. Paulo, examinando as marcas de intertextualidade que ocorrem no texto dos cronistas José Geraldo Couto, Tostão (Eduardo Gonçalves de Andrade), José Roberto Torero Fernandes Júnior, Juca Kfouri (José Carlos Amaral Kfouri) e Xico Sá. A pesquisa visa a contribuir com os estudos do texto, verificando de que forma processos intertextuais determinam a produção de sentidos. Para o embasamento teórico desse estudo, fundamentamos a dissertação na Lingüística Textual, na Teoria Literária e na Análise do Discurso. Assim, considerando a materialidade lingüística do texto, demonstramos que a identificação do intertexto é importante para o estabelecimento da interação e para a produção de sentidos na leitura das crônicas. A análise procura contemplar procedimentos teórico-analíticos. Nesse sentido, princípios cognitivos, ligados à produção de sentidos, à intertextualidade e à alteridade ocupam um lugar de destaque. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as crônicas futebolísticas solicitam do leitor a ativação de conhecimentos prévios para identificar a intertextualidade e produzir sentidos na leitura das mesmas. Todo o procedimento desta pesquisa propicia a comprovação de que, com o desenvolvimento dos estudos sobre a intertextualidade, não se pode mais pensar em textos puros ou em autoria sem influências

Le discours produit lors d’une visite touristique naît de différentes modalités de communication dont la visite assistée par un dispositif socio-technique et la visite-conférence dirigée par un médiateur. Ces deux modalités présentant des caractéristiques communes propres au genre discursif de la visite médiée, offrent aussi des différences significatives pour constituer un corpus d’étude subdivisé par les modalités de production et les langues sources : des textes écrits par des professionnels du domaine et des textes enregistrées en présence de visiteurs, en français et en espagnol. Plusieurs interrogations se posent dont celle d’une taxonomie des genres de discours liés au domaine spécialisé étudié, celle d’une unité de segmentation textuelle s’affranchissant du caractère scriptural ou oral du mode de production du texte, et celles liées à la catégorisation d’un texte dans un genre discursif. En effet, les valeurs des paramètres de caractérisation doivent permettre l’introduction d’un prototype indispensable à la catégorisation et à l’indexation textuelle du genre étudié.Cette recherche s’inscrit donc dans le cadre théorique de la linguistique textuelle et de l’analyse des pratiques discursives comme indices des praxis sociales, mais la méthodologie employée élargit cette base théorique à la linguistique contributionnelle post-gricéenne qui légitime l’introduction de la contribution comme unité de segmentation textuelle. En outre, le traitement quantitatif d’une compilation de textes sélectionnés trouve ses fondements au sein même de l’analyse de discours et de la linguistique de corpus. La méthode suivie, qui introduit les règles de segmentation textuelle dont l’annotation manuelle qualitative, et l’analyse quantitative permettent de proposer un modèle d’organisation de chaque genre considéré. Au-delà du grand intérêt que présente la caractérisation de nouveaux discours spécialisés, ce travail introduit d’un côté une méthode d’analyse à l’origine du développement d’un programme de segmentation, d’annotation et d’indexation ; et une valorisation didactique dans l’enseignement des langues sur objectifs spécifiques ; et d’un autre côté le développement d’interfaces proposant de nouvelles modalités de médiation dont le discours est pensé en amont de leur réalisation. / The discourse produced in a guided tour stems from different communicative modalities which include the visit assisted by a socio-technical device and the visit guided by an education and visitor service officer. These two modalities show common characteristics of a guided tour; they also offer significant differences. These differences allow us to compile a corpus divided according to its modalities of production and the languages: written text by professionals of the tourism sector, in French and in Spanish. Several issues arise such as the genre taxonomy of the discourse linked to the specific field studied, the unit of the text segmentation which has to free itself from the scriptural or oral feature of the text production, the textual categorisation and indexation of the studied genre. Indeed, the characterisation parameter value must introduce an essential prototype in order to categorise and index the texts of the studied genres. Therefore, as a sign of social praxis, this research suits the text linguistic and discourse analysis theoretical framework. In addition, the selected methodology enlarges this theoretical background to the post-Gricean linguistics of contribution which allows to define the contribution as the unit of textual segmentation. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of a selected text compilation is rooted in the discourse analysis and corpus linguistic approaches. The method followed here, which introduces textual segmentation rules such as qualitative manual annotation and quantitative analysis suggests structural patterns of each considered genre. Beyond the notable interest of categorising new specialized discourses, this investigation introduces a new analytical method. On the one hand, the methodological framework is the source of a segmentation, annotation, and indexation software development. On the other hand, it is the source of an application development recommending new modalities of guided tours where the priority is given to the elaboration of the discourse.