Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1974. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Textile industries use large amounts of water in their production processes, with subsequent generation of large quantities of wastewater. With ineffective and/or inefficient water management protocols in place, these industries can have a large negative impact on the environment. In order to assist in the development/setting of suitable actions to negate environmental impacts from textile industries, it is essential that some form of water management, and more particularly a water balance, be in place. This dissertation investigated the current practices at a textile industry in Lesotho, CGM Industrial, as a case study with the ultimate objective to assess and present suitable water management actions to negate the company’s negative impact on the environment. An active water balance was compiled for one of the company’s factories, CGM 1, and illustrated that large volumes of water (up to 0,9 Ml/day) are discharged to the natural water course, often untreated. The water balance specifically addresses water usage for the four wet processing combinations present at CGM 1, and representative of the textile industry as a whole, namely stone washing/washing, stone washing/bleaching, stone washing/dyeing and stone washing/bleaching/dyeing operations. Based on the water balance results and general assessment of operating practices in place at CGM 1, suitable water management actions were recommended for reducing wastewater volumes, substitution and reduction of process chemicals, and investigating process modifications. / Dissertation (MSc (Environmental Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted

This thesis explores the tensions that arise when business enterprises respond to situations that have both commercial aspects and implications for workers. Using Grounded Theory methodology it examines data from 56 case profiles, extensive interviews and secondary sources in order to understand the nature and variety of the social and commercial commitments that enterprises in the Indian textile and garment industries make and how these are influenced by the rules and conventions inherent in global value chains and in the local culture. It uses concepts drawn from Convention Theory, from social realism and from the social justice literature to develop an analytical framework that explains how priorities are coordinated in three arenas – within enterprises, in interactions connected with the workplace and in society as a whole. The findings show that, in the mainstream, social commitments are generally weak and behaviour towards workers is inconsistent, reflecting a reactive stance that ethical trading has done little to change. Most social enterprises have similarly weak commercial commitments and efforts by Fair Trade organisations to reach mainstream markets have proved problematic. Few examples have been found of commercial success achieved in a way that also meets the criteria of social justice. Those cases that have come closest have created new business models that integrate social and commercial values, forged by means of long-term business relationships or partnerships. A variety of mutually-reinforcing factors combine to determine the balance of priorities – public discourse, engagement by stakeholders, including workers, and internal processes for resolving differences – and these are affected by the level of scrutiny and openness to organisational learning. Interventions aimed at greater social justice in the industry or at scaling up social enterprise need to recognise the complexity of these interrelationships and the ways in which rules, conventions and commitments blend to determine behaviour.

In this study, a specific decision support system is designed and developed for Production Planning and Marketing Department of an apparel company. The developed system involves two modules with user friendly interface or data input and query. The system is designed to provide support in the following fields of decision making / pre cost estimation, capacity planning, master production planning and production scheduling. A detailed analysis of the existing system is conducted and Microsoft Access is used for the development of software. The cost and benefits of the implementing the system are also discussed in addition to basics, sample reports and the user interface of the developed program.

Orientadores: Elias Basile Tambourgi, Galba Maria de Campos Takaki / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:07:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ohashi_Tadashi_D.pdf: 6399027 bytes, checksum: f5bf8e93a0ded1fdf4cda419e21a6a7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi investigado o tratamento físico-químico para a remoção do corante reativo Preto Remazol B por adsorção utilizando quitina isolada de resíduo industrial (exoesqueleto de camarão). A extração da quitina foi feita a partir do resíduo industrial de exoesqueleto de camarão através do tratamento de descoloração com NaClO, seguido de desproteinização por álcali à temperatura de 100ºC e liofilização. A quitina obtida foi separada por granulometria, sendo selecionada para os estudos com adsorção a fração da malha 16. O processo de remoção do corante reativo Preto Remazol B foi utilizado como um novo método, aplicando a técnica de adsorção, com posterior laqueadura com soluções inorgânica e orgânica como mordentes, no sentido de aumentar e melhorar a fixação do corante hidrolisado. Um planejamento fatorial de dois níveis foi empregado para analisar a influência da velocidade de agitação, pH, tempo de adsorção e temperatura num sistema de banho finito, contendo uma solução do corante Preto Remazol B, operando em sistema de pressão ambiente. Nos experimentos, o volume do banho e as quantidades do adsorvente foram mantidas constantes em sistema aberto, sob agitação constante. A variação das velocidades foi planejada em baixa, média e alta agitação em Banho-Maria. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a adsorção realizada em temperatura elevada apresentou melhor rendimento nos tingimentos, como também no pH 3,0 do banho. O produto formado da complexação Preto remazol B e quitina foi separado da solução por decantação, sendo a quantidade do corante não adsorvida determinada por espectrofotometria em UV-Vis, usando uma curva de calibração do corante a 597nm. Os ensaios 11 e 13 respectivamente, indicaram absorbância zero a ? = 597 nm, sugerindo que, no tingimento propriamente dito, a eficiência de adsorção dos corantes ocorreu no meio ácido, e que outros fatores como tempo, temperatura e velocidade não influenciaram diretamente no rendimento. A operação pós-tingimento denominada de polimento, determinou definitivamente o resultado final da adsorção, onde o uso da solução de sulfato de alumínio a 2%, como mordente possibilitou maior adesão do corante reativo hidrolisado à quitina no banho de tintura. O novo tratamento físico-químico proposto removeu totalmente o corante do efluente têxtil, apresentando baixo custo, além de gerar um produto similar a não-tecido / Abstract: In this work was investigate the physical-chemical treatment for the removal Remazol Black B dye reagent by adsorption using chitin isolated from industrial waste (exoskeleton shrimp). The extraction of chitin was made from industrial waste of shrimp (exoskeleton of shrimp) in the decolorization treatment with NaClO, followed by deproteinization of alkali solution at temperature of 1000C, and freeze dried. The chitin were separated by granulometry corresponding to fraction mesh 16. The removal process of Remazol Black B dye was used a new method applying the technique of adsorption with subsequent ligation with inorganic and organic mordants solutions, in order to enhance and improve the fixing of dye hydrolyzate. A two -level of factorial design was employed to analyze the influence of stirring speed, the pH, and temperature in adsorption system containing a finite bath synthetic solution of Remazol Black B dye, operating in pressure system. In the experiments, the volume of the bath and the amount of the adsorbent were kept constant agitation. The ranges of speeds were planned in low medium and higher agitation in water bath. The results showed that the adsorption carried out at elevate temperature has a better efficiency in dyeing, but also the bath pH3.0. The product formed by complexation Remazol Black B and chitin was separated from the solution by decantation, and the amount of the dye do not adsorbed was determined by UV-Vis spectrophometer using a calibration curve in colorant at 597nm. The assays 11 and 13, respectively, indicated absorbance at ? = 597 nm zero, suggesting adsorption efficiency of the dyes takes place in acid médium, and other factors such as time, temperature and speed (rpm) do not directly influenced the process. The operation after dyeing called polishing definitively determine the final result of adsorption, where the use of aluminium sulphate solution at 2%, promoted greater adherence allowed hydrolyzate of the reactive dye in the bath and chitin, suggesting the new proposed physical-chemical treatment to removal dyes pigments from textile effluent, and showed low cost, beyond that generate similar to a non-woven / Doutorado / Sistema de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Doutor em Engenharia Química

Este estudo apresenta o diagnóstico do Arranjo Produtivo Local das indústrias têxteis do município de Imperatriz (MA), descreve o processo de evolução do Arranjo Produtivo, identifica os apoios recebidos para o seu crescimento e analisa a situação atual. A pesquisa quanto à abordagem é qualitativa e quantitativa, e com relação ao nível é descritiva exploratória, com delineamento bibliográfico, documental e de campo. Especificamente, busca-se tecer as características do Arranjo Produtivo, verificando as principais modificações ocorridas desde a sua criação e apresentando-o como importante instrumental analítico de ação política de desenvolvimento local. Para referenciar teoricamente os objetivos propostos, a literatura aborda o conceito de região, as principais diferenças entre crescimento e desenvolvimento, desenvolvimento regional, tipologia de aglomerações, e vantagens da concentração geográfica. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas; primeiramente ocorreu uma investigação documental em que se analisaram documentos da Fundação do Desenvolvimento Comunitário (FUNDECO), quando foi possível perceber as origens do projeto que culminou no Arranjo Produtivo Local; posteriormente aconteceram as entrevistas aplicadas aos empresários e à entidade representante do Arranjo Produtivo Local. A amostra contou com a participação de 37 gestores das indústrias têxteis que responderam a um questionário, analisado com técnica quantitativa pelo z Excel. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a inexistência de alianças ou parcerias entre as empresas do setor de indústrias têxteis no município de Imperatriz (MA). Conclui-se que o arranjo produtivo é de baixo conteúdo tecnológico e não promove a interação interfirmas, embora promova empregos diretos e indiretos. Esse diagnóstico foi de grande valia, pois servirá de base para as futuras pesquisas, talvez para a promoção de políticas de crescimento e desenvolvimento da Região. / This study presents the diagnosis of Local Productive Arrangement of the textile industries of the city of Imperatriz (MA), describes the evolution process of Productive Arrangement identifies the support received for their growth and analyzes the current situation regarding the research approach is qualitative and quantitative , and the level is descriptive exploratory design with bibliographic, documental and field. Specifically we seek to weave the characteristics of Productive Arrangement, checking the main changes that have occurred since its inception and presenting it as an important analytical tool for political action and local development. To cite theoretically the proposed objectives, the literature discusses the concept of region, the main differences between growth and development, regional development, typology of settlements, and advantages of geographical concentration. The study was conducted in three stages: first there was a desk research where analyzed documents FUNDECO (Community Development Foundation), where it was possible to understand the origins of the project that culminated in Local Productive Arrangement; happened later interviews applied to business and entity representative of Local Productive Arrangement. The sample with the participation of 37 managers of textile industries who responded to a questionnaire, analyzed with quantitative and qualitative techniques, and Excel software. The results of the research show that there is no alliances or partnerships between companies in the textile industries in the city of Imperatriz-MA. We conclude that the productive arrangement is low technological content and does not promote inter-firm interaction, despite promotes direct and indirect jobs, this diagnosis was of great value, since as the basis for future research, perhaps to promote policies for growth and development of the region.