Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves [115-119]

published_or_final_version / Corporate Environmental Governance / Master / Master of Social Sciences

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

by Chan Yu Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-141). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Table of Content --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.xiv / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Textiles Industry in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.3 --- Processes Involved in Textiles Industry --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Typical Stages in Bleaching and Dyeing Step --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Characterization of Textile Wastewater --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Desizing --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Scouring --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Bleaching --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Mercerizing --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Dyeing and Printing --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Finishing --- p.8 / Chapter 1.5 --- Toxicity of Pollutants from Textiles Industry --- p.8 / Chapter 1.6 --- Related Environmental Legislation in Hong Kong --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Water Pollution Control Ordinance --- p.9 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Waste Disposal Ordinance --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- General Sewage Charge --- p.10 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Trade Effluent Surcharge --- p.10 / Chapter 1.7 --- Chemical Specific Approach --- p.11 / Chapter 1.8 --- Toxicity Based Approach --- p.12 / Chapter 1.8.1 --- Selection of Organisms for Bioassays --- p.13 / Chapter 1.9 --- Whole-Effluent Toxicity (WET) Test --- p.14 / Chapter 1.10 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation --- p.14 / Chapter 1.10.1 --- Phase I ´ؤ Toxicant Characterization --- p.15 / Chapter 1.10.2 --- Phase II - Toxicant Identification --- p.16 / Chapter 1.10.3 --- Phase III - Toxicant Confirmation --- p.16 / Chapter 1.11 --- Ecotoxicology --- p.16 / Chapter 2. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.19 / Chapter 3.1 --- Sources of Samples --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Microtox® test --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Growth inhibition test of a marine unicellular microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Survival test of a marine amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.25 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Survival test of a marine fish Mylio macrocephalus --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase I --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- pH adjustment filtration --- p.33 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- pH adjustment aeration --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Anion exchange --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Cation exchange --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction (C18 SPE) --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Activated carbon extraction --- p.41 / Chapter 3.4 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase II --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Determination of total organic carbon (TOC) --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Determination of metals --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Determination of anions --- p.48 / Chapter 4. --- RESULTS --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- Sample Description --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Tests --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on algal growth inhibition test using Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on Microtox® test --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of Mylio macrocephalus --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation - Phase I --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Effect of filtration at pH 3 on toxicity reduction --- p.71 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Effect of filtration at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Effect of filtration at pHi on toxicity reduction --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Effect of aeration at pH 3 on toxicity reduction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Effect of aeration at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of aeration at pHi on toxicity reduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Effect of anion exchange on toxicity reduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.8 --- Effect of cation exchange on toxicity reduction --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.9 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH3 on toxicity reduction --- p.90 / Chapter 4.3.10 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 7 on toxicity reduction --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.11 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 9 on toxicity reduction --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.12 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on toxicity reduction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation ´ؤ Phase II --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Effect of anion exchange on chemical reduction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Effect of cation exchange on chemical reduction --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 3 on chemical reduction --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 7 on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Effect of C18 extraction at pH 9 on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on chemical reduction --- p.110 / Chapter 5. --- DISCUSSION --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1 --- Whole Effluent Toxicity Test --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on algal growth inhibition test of Chlorella pyrenoidosa CU-2 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on Microtox® test --- p.116 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of amphipod Parhyale plumulosa --- p.117 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Toxicity of whole effluent samples on survival test of fish Mylio macrocephalus --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Correlations among toxicity tests --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Factor analysis on whole effluent toxicity tests --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation ´ؤ Phase I --- p.122 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- pH adjustment filtration test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- pH adjustment aeration test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Anion exchange test --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Cation exchange test --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- pH adjustment C18 solid phase extraction test --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.6 --- Activated carbon extraction test --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3 --- Toxicity Identification Evaluation Phase II --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Effect of anion exchange on chemical reduction --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Effect of cation exchange on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Effect of C18 solid phase extraction on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Effect of activated carbon extraction on chemical reduction --- p.127 / Chapter 5.4 --- Correlation between toxicity reduction and chemical reduction --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Anion exchange --- p.128 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Cation exchange --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- C18 solid phase extraction --- p.129 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Activated carbon extraction --- p.130 / Chapter 6. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.131 / Chapter 7. --- REFERENCE --- p.133

Thesis (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have gained considerable interest in the wastewater treatment industry. Low selectivity to organic pollutants and the high oxidation potentials provided by the free radicals produced from these processes are the root of this interest. Hydroxyl radical based AOPs seemed to dominate the field but recently sulphate radical based AOPs started to become more popular due to their even higher oxidation potential. The textile industry is known to be a considerable contributor to wastewater production. Many pollutants in this wastewater are organic pollutants which are very persistent to the more traditional treatment processes such as biological treatment and membrane filtration. Numerous studies have shown the potential and success of catalytic AOPs for the degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. One such process is the use of a cobalt oxide nano-catalyst in conjunction with a peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidizer (Co3O4/PMS). The shortcoming with nano-catalysts however are the difficulty of recovering the catalyst in a slurry system or the effective immobilization of the catalyst in a continuous system. To address the issue of nano-catalyst immobilization, two different methods were used in the study to effectively immobilize the catalyst in a substrate. The methods were compared by utilizing the permeable reaction barriers in a continuous flow reactor. A bench scale reactor of 2.4 L/hr was designed and used to study the effect of PMS, catalyst mass and flow rate on the degradation efficiency and to determine the residence time and catalyst per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. A scale up rationale was formulated based on a constant residence time and the catalyst mass per PRB cross-sectional area ratio. Two design correlations were developed to predict the size of the permeable barrier and the catalyst mass required for the scale up PRB system. These parameters were used to design a reactor 30 times that of the bench scale reactor. In both reactors the optimum degradation occurred within 2 minutes indicating the success for catalyst immobilization and the development of a continuous reactor utilizing the Co3O4/PMS advanced oxidation technology.

Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Similar to the energy crisis, the critical state of the water supply in South Africa (SA) is a combination of (i) resource exhaustion and pollution; (ii) increasing demand; and (iii) poor infrastructure. Despite its importance, water is the most poorly managed resource in the world. The disposal of industrial effluents contributes greatly to the poor quality of water. The textile industry consumes great quantities of water and produces enormous volumes of wastewater which requires appropriate treatment before being released into the environment. In an attempt to address the water issues, research globally has focused on advanced technologies such as desalination to increase limited pure water resources. The need for alternative desalination methods for the production of clean water from alternative water resources, such as seawater and brackish water, has gained worldwide attention. Reverse osmosis (RO) and Nanofiltration (NF) have been used as unswerving approaches to yield freshwater. Forward osmosis (FO) is a developing membrane technology that has increased substantial attention as a possible lower-energy desalination technology. However, challenges such as suitable FO membranes, membrane fouling, concentration polarisation, and the availability of effective draw solutions (DS), limit FO technology. FO is seeking more importance in novel areas where separation and recovery of the DS is not required. The aims of this study was to: i) identify alternative water resources and evaluate their potential as suitable feed solution (FS); ii) Identify dyes and evaluate their potential as suitable draw solutions (DS) at different concentrations; iii) assess the use of aquaporin biomimetic membrane and iv) assess a FO system for the production of dye solutions. Osmotic pressure (OP) is the pressure exerted by the flow of water through semi-permeable membrane, separating two solutions with different concentrations of solute. The DS should always have OP higher than the FS in order to achieve high water flux. Three basic dyes (i.e. Maxilon Turquoise, Red and Blue) and three reactive dyes (i.e. Carmine, Olive Green and Black) were selected, based on their common use in the SA textile industry. The respective dye samples were prepared at different concentrations and dye-to-salt mass ratios ranging from 1:10 to 1:60 and assessed for OP using a freezing point osmometer. A lab-scale FO unit was used for all the studies. Feed and draw channels were circulated in a counter-current flow at a volumetric flow rate of 600 mL/min. Feed solutions(FS) included deionised water (DI) as a control, brackish water (BW), synthetic seawater (SSW) and textile wastewater (TWW) collected from two textile factories. OP of the FS (DI, BW5, SSW and SW, Factory 1 and Factory 2) was 0, 414, 2761, 2579, 1505 and 3308 kPa, respectively. Basic Blue and Reactive Black generated a higher OP compared to other selected dyes in the study and were therefore selected to be used as DS at a 1:10 dye-to-salt ratio and 0.02 M concentration. An aquaporin biomimetic FO membrane (Aquaporin, Denmark) was used for all the experiments conducted in the FO mode.

Effluent samples for a treated textile waste water and treated domestic sewage waste water and water and sediment samples for an 8.2 km region of Ash Camp Creek near Keysville, Virginia, were collected in June, 1977. Effluent and stream water samples were analyzed for various water quality parameters and for suspended, dissolved, and total zinc. Sediment samples were analyzed for zinc and percent loss on ignition. The treated textile waste water was the major source of zinc to the stream. The effluent and stream water samples exhibited a marked partitioning of zinc among the dissolved and suspended fractions of the water column. The ratios of mean dissolved to mean suspended zinc ranged from about 0.76 to about 1.40. The ratios of mean dissolved to total zinc and mean suspended to total zinc ranged from about 0.42 to 0.62 and from about 0.38 to 0.57, respectively. Anomalously high zinc concentrations were found in the sediments 0.80 m downstream from the point of discharge of the treated textile wastewater and appeared to be caused by sedimentation of suspended zinc induced by a reduction in stream velocity. The domestic discharge together with flow from a small unnamed tributary had a moderating effect on the water quality of the stream functioning to dilute stream pollutant load. Sulfide precipitation appeared to be an important mechanism by which zinc was concentrated in the sediments 40 m below the domestic sewage discharge. Zinc concentrations declined further downstream likely as a result of such factors as dilution, sedimentation, and sorption by inorganic sediment particles. / Master of Science

Crisis of water pollution in Yangtze River Delta Nowadays, more and more incidents that is regarding the pollution of blue-green algae are reported to the public by media, and the water pollution becomes worse and worse, even in some area which has large amount of population, there is happening with the shortage of water because of the poor water quality. Exploring the culprit, the undue development of industrialization is one of the important factor. Especially in Yangtze River Delta, what the most serious water pollution causer is the textile industry, in the meantime, it is one of the pillar industry in Yangtze River Delta. However how to balance the environmental aspect with the textile industry would be the challenge for us as well as local government. So in this thesis, taking Hangzhou as an example to really figure out the way of integration environment, textile industry and inhabitant in rural area, mainly constructing water treatment system after biochemical treatment in textile mills for degradation of toxic substance involve in waste water, and try to reutilize on-site component such as abandoned channel, fishponds, farmland and demolished poor textile mills, transforming them into components of water treatment system, phytoremediation are introduced to help treatment system, providing an opportunity to integrate these three parts, and improving life quality of textile industrial gathering zone in Hangzhou. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Thesis (DTech (Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / This thesis is an investigation into environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, with a particular focus on the role of design therein. The fashion and textile industry is a significant contributor to the South African economy and a major user of human and natural resources. It is through the use of resources – natural, constructed and human – that the industry is also supposedly damaging to the natural environment and the people working within it. Notable authors on environmentally sustainable design and, in particular, environmentally sustainable fashion design, seem to suggest that a holistic approach to environmental sustainability is fundamental to the implementation thereof. Design has the ability to direct change, and thus design and designers have the potential to drive holistic sustainable practices in the fashion system.The question this research therefore poses is what the role of environmental sustainability should be in a design-driven approach in the South African fashion industry; interrogated through an exploratory and descriptive case study. The case study consists of three purposively selected sub-units that operate within an environmentally sustainable focus in their fashion businesses, and that design, produce, and retail fashion products. The aim of the research was to explore, through a snapshot of the South African fashion system, the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion industry in South Africa, in order to determine what role fashion design practice can have in developing environmental sustainability in the fashion system.The most notable finding of the research highlights the immense difficulty of operating as a fashion business from an environmentally sustainable focus in South Africa due to the lack (and unsuitability) of resources that can be considered environmentally sustainable. The declining textile industry of South Africa makes it either almost impossible, or very costly, to work within an environmentally sustainable framework, and is a major impediment in the implementation of environmental sustainability in praxis. Therefore, those businesses that decide to operate within an environmentally sustainable framework do so because of inherent personal values and ethics.The second aspect identified in the survey of scholarship and underpinned by the findings, is a need for a transformative approach with regard to design praxis and how design praxis can influence consumer eco-consciousness. The research concludes with a recommended framework that suggests a holistic and integrated approach to design-driven environmental sustainability in the South African fashion industry, and elaborates on the role of the fashion designer in the implementation of environmental sustainability in the fashion system. The holistic and integrated approach should extend into fashion design education, requiring a fundamental shift in current fashion design education in South Africa. / University of Johannesburg