Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:46:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica de Barros Barreto Guimaraes de Mesquita.pdf: 1097840 bytes, checksum: ba29acf65f95e6bee6de5190632b6012 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-24 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In this text, my goal is to show how the process of reference is crucial for the enunciator s argumentation, for it is through this process that one can build up the text s cohesive line, which, by its turns, flows into the argumentation. As far as theoretical background, I have based my conclusions on the studies of the following scholars: Ingedore Villaça Kock, Maria Helena de Moura Neves, Lorenza Mondada, Daniele Dubois and Denis Apotheloz in the area of Textual Linguistic; Aristoteles, Perelman and Reboul in the area of Argumentation; Jose Luis Fiorin and Eni Orlandi in the area of Discourse Analysis. The methodological approach I adopted here is called analytical-interpretative: First, I did an explanation about the Theory, and then I applied it in the process of analysis. I established a parallel among fragments of two neo-testamentary epistles based on factors of the amazement that the holy text brings to me, not to mention that these texts are rich in referential elements. Besides that, in my professional life I continually work with religious discourse. After I had overcome all paths that I established to myself, many conclusions came out to me. First, it was attested that the choice made by the enunciator of each procedural element assured the argumentation. Secondly, through a careful investigation of the textual processes also it was attested that they are conducive channels to textual coherence. Thus, I found out that either the linguistic factor or the ideological discourse flow into the argumentation: the enunciator seizes these factors and uses them appropriately to persuade his audience. / Neste trabalho, pretendo mostrar como o processo da referenciação é instrumental para a argumentação, pois é através dele que se constrói a linha coesiva do texto, o que, por sua vez, acaba por desembocar na argumentação. Na fundamentação teórica, no que se refere aos estudos da Lingüística Textual, pautei-me, especialmente, nas postulações de Ingedore Villaça Koch, Maria Helena de Moura Neves, Lorenza Mondada, Danièle Dubois e Denis Apothéloz. No campo da Argumentação, o trabalho apóia-se nos estudos de Aristóteles, Perelman e Reboul. Na área do Discurso, os teóricos estudados foram, especialmente, José Luis Fiorin e Eni Orlandi. A metodologia adotada foi a analítico-interpretativa: expus, primeiramente, a teoria, aplicando-a, depois, na análise. Estabeleci um paralelo entre fragmentos de duas epístolas neo-testamentárias por fatores que vão desde o fascínio que o texto sagrado exerce sobre mim, até o fato de que tais textos são riquíssimos em elementos referenciais. Além disso, na minha vida profissional, lido com o Discurso Religioso continuamente. Após vencer os caminhos que me propus a trilhar, várias conclusões se apresentaram. Primeiramente, constatou-se que a escolha, pelo enunciador, de cada elemento procedural assegurou a argumentação. A seguir, através de uma investigação dos processos de textualização, constatou-se que os mesmos são canais conducentes à textualidade. Enfim, concluiu-se que tanto o fator lingüístico, quanto o discursivo-ideológico desembocaram no processo da argumentação: o enunciador se apropriou desses fatores para convencer seu enunciatário.

<p>The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar, al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion, coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the roblematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach, which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande &amp / Dressler (1981) / Neubert &amp / Shreve (1992) / Halliday (1994) and Hatim &amp / Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida&rsquo / s dynamic equivalence, Beekman &amp / Callow&rsquo / s (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt&rsquo / s (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message. The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic&nbsp / message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on&nbsp / dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the &ldquo / periodicity&rdquo / of the text as indicated by Martin &amp / Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text. Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as a&nbsp / genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular. The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and fiqh in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the&nbsp / Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.</p>

This essay is a reading of Jeanette Winterson’s novel Written on the Body. There are three major areas regarding to which the text is analysed: the textual ambiguity of the rhetorical voice, the linguistic characteristics of the work and the reliability of its narrator. The first chapter discusses the theoretical framework used in reference to the novel. The main theory applied into the subject of sexual ambiguity is Judith Butler’s theory of gender performativity. Since the novel deals with a narrator of unspecified gender, the second chapter examines the ambiguous gendered identity of the narrative persona. The third chapter discusses the extraordinary linguistic characteristics of the novel and analyses how the narrator in the novel can remain of sexually unidentifiable nature. As there is a great deal of ambiguity, which makes the reader question the credibility of the narrative voice, the issue of reliability is discussed in the fourth chapter of the essay.

This thesis is a critical inquiry of the relationship between the architectural aspects of the museum space and the collection on display, regarding to the concept of flexibility. Inside the museum, displayed object can be thought as a two folded representation which can be termed as labeling. Museum space can be thought as the juxtaposed condition of these two bodies of the object. The flexible spatial organization of the museum space is accepted to support the ephemeral character of labeling. Within this context, the concept of flexibility will be analyzed through the cooperative reading of George Pompidou Center and Grand Egyptian Museum. With the aid of concepts of flexibility and hypertextuality that are adopted in these two cases, the study tries to reveal the relationship between the architectural potentials of museum space and the collection belongs to these particular museums. In that respect, the architectural programs of these competitions will be critically reconsidered in order to reveal how the institutions conceive the collections with their expected physical ramifications.

<p>The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar, al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion, coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the roblematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach, which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande &amp / Dressler (1981) / Neubert &amp / Shreve (1992) / Halliday (1994) and Hatim &amp / Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida&rsquo / s dynamic equivalence, Beekman &amp / Callow&rsquo / s (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt&rsquo / s (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message. The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic&nbsp / message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on&nbsp / dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the &ldquo / periodicity&rdquo / of the text as indicated by Martin &amp / Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text. Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as a&nbsp / genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular. The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and fiqh in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the&nbsp / Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar,al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion,coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the problematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses(tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach,which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler (1981); Neubert & Shreve (1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida’s dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow’s (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt’s (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message.The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text.Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as a genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular.The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and fiqh in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:05:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 diniz_lag_dr_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 154359 bytes, checksum: 4e3d793ad3a2c854fd7b0ba24acf27eb (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-01-16T10:37:52Z: diniz_lag_dr_sjrp_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-01-16T10:38:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000600686.pdf: 1481234 bytes, checksum: 184f82f11c5701f0dce44b951436c10a (MD5) / Not available.

Orientador: Sônia Helena de Oliveira Raymundo Piteri / Banca: Maria Heloísa Martins Dias / Banca: Marisa Corrêa Silva / Resumo: Este trabalho objetiva estudar alguns conceitos desenvolvidos por Maria Gabriela Llansol ao longo de seus textos, como a "cena fulgor" e o "dom poético", que provocam o deslocamento da narratividade para a textualidade. Foram selecionados seis contos de sua primeira obra, Os pregos na erva (1962), observando-se dois núcleos estruturais da "cena fulgor": a imagem poética e o diálogo. Consciente de que a imagem é um traço constitutivo do universo lírico, responsável pela transformação das palavras, num movimento de expansão que liberta os signos de seus significados usuais, a narrativa de Llansol recorre a esse traço como uma maneira de iluminar a mínima cena que conta, pois a ação é reduzida, o espaço é precário e a comunicação entre as personagens é falha. Essas características são típicas do teatro contemporâneo de Samuel Beckett e provocam, em alguns casos, o efeito de distanciamento sugerido por Brecht. Por essa razão, o conceito de diálogo será utilizado em dois sentidos: como interação verbal que estrutura o drama, e, de forma mais ampla, como um sistema de correlação que permite observar a intersecção entre os gêneros épico, lírico e dramático. Para isso, fundamenta-se em Bakhtin (2000) e Rosenfeld (2005), na discussão dos gêneros; em Octavio Paz (1982) e Friedrich (1978), na concepção de imagem; em Beckett (1952) e Brecht (2005), com suas teorias sobre o teatro moderno (2005) e em críticos que analisam a obra da escritora portuguesa. Por fim, conclui-se que a narrativa de Llansol é uma rede destecida enquanto enredo, mas que se tece enquanto texto que extrapola as barreiras dos gêneros literários, fazendo coexistir numa relação harmônica, e ao mesmo tempo conflitante, prosa, poesia e drama. Como "pregos na erva", as palavras não se fixam, flutuam, se desprendem, se deslocam, num movimento ininterrupto que tece o corpo da escrita. / Abstract: This work aims to study a few concepts developed by Maria Gabriela Llansol along some of her texts, like "cena fulgor" and "dom poético", that cause the replacement from narrativity to textuality. Six short stories from her first work, Os pregos na erva (1962), were selected, considering two structural cores of "cena fulgor": poetic imagery and dialogue. Being aware that imagery is a constitutive trace of the lyrical universe, responsible for transformation of words, in a motion of expiation that frees the signs from their usual meanings, Llansol's narrative follows this trace as a way of lighten up the smallest scene that it refers to, because action is reduced, setting is precarious and communication between people is flawed. These characteristics are typical of Samuel Beckett's contemporary theater and provoke, in certain cases, the distancing effect suggested by Brecht. For this reason, the concept of dialogue will be taken in two senses: as verbal interaction that structures the drama and, in a more broaden way, as a system of correlations that allows us to observe the intersection between epic, lyric and dramatic genres. Aiming that, the theories that fundament this research regard Bakhtin (2000) and Rosenfeld (2005), discussing genres; Octavio Paz (1982) and Friedrich (1978), for the conception of imagery; Beckett (1952) e Brecht (2005), about modern theater (2005); and critics that have analyzed the Portuguese author's work. At last, we come to the conclusion that Llansol's narrative is an unweaved web regarding the plot, but that weaves itself as a text that goes beyond literary genres' borders, in such a way that narrative, poetry and drama coexist in a harmonic, but yet confronting relationship. As "pregos na erva" (nails in a herb) words are not fixed, they float, they are released, they move in an non-interrupt way that weaves the body of the text. / Mestre

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The Holy Qurʾān, like the Bible, is an acknowledged literary masterpiece. Its linguistic and aesthetic vivacity with an amalgam of religious beliefs, moral values, religious social orthodoxy and historical backgrounds pose a great challenge to any translator and make the task overwhelmingly arduous, if not unattainable. The study aims at examining the problems the Qurʾān translators encounter while translating near-synonyms from Arabic into English. It is based on the translations of two professional translators namely, Yusuf Ali and T.B. Irving. The translations provide an empirical basis for the discussion of the problems while translating Qurʾānnic texts into English. The corpus for the present study includes the translations of four near-synonymous pairs namely, ghayth and maṭar, al-ḥilf and al-qasm, bakhīl and shaḥīḥ and ʿāqir and ʿaqīm in their Qurʾānic context. The two translated texts are compared to determine to which extent the translations reflect the referential and the connotative meaning of the original Qurʾānic text as well as to which extent they maintain the textuality standards such as cohesion, coherence, informativity, situationality and acceptability, intentionality and intertextuality. In short, the study sets out to identify the roblematic areas in the translated Qurʾānic texts at the lexical and textual levels with a view to determining what makes one translation better than the other, or what brings one translation closer to the original text than the other.The study is an intersection between Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) and applied linguistics. The researcher consults different books on translation theories as well as of Qurʾānic exegeses (tafsīr) to facilitate the process of analyzing the near-synonyms in their Qurʾānic context. The researcher opts for eclecticism, instead of confining to a particular rigid model or approach, which is a combination of text-analysis translation-oriented approaches of De Beaugrande & Dressler(1981); Neubert & Shreve(1992); Halliday (1994) and Hatim & Mason (1990). In addition, the study draws upon the multiple and theoretical implications of Nida's dynamic equivalence, Beekman & Callow's (1974) historical and dynamic fidelity and Gutt's (1991) relevance theory and the emphasis on communication as mainly context-dependent. These models are closely related and reliable in the process of analyzing and evaluating the problems encountered in Arabic-English translation of the Qurʾānic near-synonyms. Furthermore, the researcher suggests an outline approach for the process of analyzing the Qurʾānic near-synonyms translations in a systemic and organized way thereby ensuring maximum and effective communication of the Qurʾānic message. The study concludes that the Qurʾān translator, compared to other literary genres, faces many difficulties in translating the Qurʾānic ST message. The selected translations of the Holy Qurʾān have failed to measure up to the depth of the Qurʾānic message, its originality and the connotative shades of meanings of the original expression. The study attributes these problems to contextual, socio-cultural, theological and historical factors which create differences that lead to gaps or absence of lexicalization in the TT. Furthermore, the reliance on dictionary meaning rather than the meaning of the lexical item in context, the negligence of context culture as well as the context of situation (the reason for the revelation of the verses) affect the “periodicity” of the text as indicated by Martin & Rose (2007, p.187), that is, the information flow of the whole text. Accordingly, this affects maintaining the standards of textuality and the fidelity which a religious text should meet. The complexity of the Qurʾān as genre is a great challenge to the translator at both the lexical and Qurʾān textual levels, which dilutes the authenticity of the holy text and misrepresents its true message. The conclusion of the study which contains recommendations based on experience may prove helpful to the future novice and professional translators to improve the quality of translation in general and religious translation in particular. The study is a contribution towards a greater understanding of the subtle differences between the near-synonymous pairs in their Qurʾānic context through Arabic-English translation. It is a novel addition to the world of religious translation, Qurʾān translation, ḥadīth and in English. It also contributes to some extent to modern exegeses of the Qurʾān. It is hoped that the work will encourage further studies in the field of translation to employ a context-based linguistic approach to translating different genres and sacred texts in particular, integrating insights from applicable translation and linguistic approaches. / South Africa

The thesis deals with the project of interpretative semantics as it has been developed by the French linguist François Rastier. The aim of the thesis is twofold: Firstly, to introduce and to further elaborate on the principles of this theory. Secondly, to point out possible benefits of Rastier's project for interpretation and analysis of literary texts. The key issue which characterizes the Rastier's semantics and which also represents the main axis of the present thesis can be put forward as follows. On one hand, the interpretative semantics grasps the text as a linguistic object which is open to various formal arrangements and to various articulations of semantic units. On the other hand, each text in its linguistic and non-linguistic context receives a particular shape and particular meaning. This general issue is discussed in detail in four mutually bound chapters where it is also applied on literary texts: (1) The first chapter deals with the notion of isotopy as the main textual principle. From the perspective of this concept a text cannot be grasped as a "big sentence" with an apriori determined syntax. Textuality rather resides in relationships between iterated (isotopic) elements which can be detected in the particular text on different linguistic levels (morphemes, lexies, sentences)....