This thesis investigates how individuals perceive and describe the texture of solid foods. To date, minimal research has been done to investigate individual texture perception and the influence of oral physiological parameters. The current study is a three phase project. First, using Temporal Dominance of Sensation (TDS), the dynamic process of panellists’ texture perception was investigated. The results showed two very distinct groups of panellists who differed based on their texture perception response. The second phase attempted to understand these groups by testing oral physiological parameters surrounding the individuals and their bolus. Few significant results were found between the two groups indicating. The final phase of this project supported the hypothesis that vocabulary use was not a factor in the division of the two groups. To conclude, saliva, both in regard to the amount and composition, seems to have a large influence on how individuals perceive the texture of solid food. / New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) under contract C02X0807 (Food Structure Platform).

No description available.

The main goal of this research was to determine the effectiveness of saturated fat replacement by means of a canola oil oleogel, termed an “organogel”, using ethyl cellulose (EC, 10 cP) as the gelator and sorbitan monostearate (SMS) as a plasticizer. All-beef frankfurters and pork breakfast sausages were used and instrumental tests performed to determine effectiveness were light microscopy, texture profile analysis, Warner-Bratzler shear force, cook loss and smokehouse yield. A trained sensory analysis panel scored for hardness, juiciness, oiliness, and the presence of off flavours. Replacing beef fat (BF) with canola oil (CO) in frankfurters produced a product that was significantly harder (P < 0.05). The gelling of the canola oil lowered the TPA hardness values. Cohesiveness, chewiness and gumminess values were statistically similar to the BF control. Minor changes in L*, a* and b* values were observed, with the organogel frankfurters being lighter than the BF control. Sensory analysis scores showed that 8,10 & 12% EC frankfurters were significantly less hard than the CO control. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food & Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)

Texture was measured on texture analyzer TA.XT plus the manufacturer's Stable Micro System, using the methods of texture profile analysis (TPA) in the general carp fillets (Cyprinus carpio). Were measured basic textural properties such as hardness, chewiness, springiness and cohesiveness. Course of change of these textural characteristics were monitored during the freezing and marinating. In both cases, the differences statistically substantiating some textural properties.

Orientador: Pedro Eduardo de Felicio / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T10:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_RachelVirginiaCarvalhodeCampos_M.pdf: 21391234 bytes, checksum: 9704c6b584a0d7bc76348477fb39fd91 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Este trabalho visou avaliar o comportamento funcional dos produtos resultantes das interações entre a fibra de colágeno e as fibras musculares em dois cortes do quarto dianteiro bovino, formados pelos músculos Tríceps braquial e Peitoral profundo. A formulação base da salmoura era constituída por uma solução aquosa de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) fixada em 1,0% de concentração. Variou-se a concentração de tripolifosfato de sódio (TPF) ao máximo de 0,4%; o nível de solução injetada entre 10% e 30% e a concentração da fibra de colágeno a ser adicionada em cada um dos níveis injetados entre 0,1% e 0,3% no produto final. Esta concentração respeita as recomendações do fabricante, que estabelece em 1% o limite máximo de fibra de colágeno no produto final porque tem início a percepção sensorial do sabor e aroma característico de colágeno, indesejável ao consumidor. A amostra padrão consistiu do corte de referência injetado nos níveis estipulados com salmoura constituída somente por uma solução de NaCl a 1%. Para avaliar a qualidade funcional dos cortes utilizados foram efetuadas as análises de pH, capacidade de retenção de água, composição centesimal e teor de colágeno total, em etapa anterior à injeção. As análises microbiológicas seguiram o padrão exigido pela ANVISA na RDC nº. 12, de 12 de janeiro de 2001. Os cortes injetados foram embalados a vácuo e permaneceram em repouso por 24 horas a 4 ºC. Após este período analisou-se a capacidade de retenção de água (CRA) e as perdas durante esta estocagem, só então, passaram pelo processo de cocção industrial usado para a fabricação de ¿Cooked Frozen Beef¿ (CFB), permanecendo estocados em câmaras a -20 ºC durante o período de realização das análises. Para verificar o comportamento funcional, as amostras foram avaliadas quanto a sua maciez objetiva (força de cisalhamento), análise do perfil de textura (TPA), perdas na estocagem e na cocção, bem como o rendimento do processo. Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados através da análise de superfície de resposta. O rendimento do processo foi beneficiado pela presença da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada, porém, para os dois cortes estudados, este aumento foi inversamente proporcional ao nível de injeção aplicado. A adição da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada atuou favoravelmente ao acréscimo da capacidade de retenção de água, para os dois cortes musculares estudados, independentemente da presença de tripolifosfato de sódio na formulação, desde que a taxa de injeção fosse mantida em valores menores de 20%. Teores maiores que 0,14% da fibra de colágeno na formulação injetada promoveram um aumento acentuado nos valores de força de cisalhamento observados no m. Tríceps braquial. O m. Peitoral profundo apresentou valores relativamente mais altos de força de cisalhamento que os observados para o m. Tríceps braquial. As diferenças de comportamento entre os cortes musculares merecem estudo posterior. A análise do perfil de textura não apresentou respostas confiáveis nas condições deste trabalho. Esta observação pode ser um reflexo do próprio delineamento experimental proposto, mas existe a possibilidade de ser atribuída às inúmeras variáveis envolvidas no processo / Abstract: This project evaluated the functional behavior of the resulting products of the interactions between collagen fibers and muscular fibers in two boneless cut of bovine forequarter: Brisket and Clod, Pectoralis profundi and Triceps brachii muscles, respectively. The base of the enhance formulation was 1.0 % aqueous solution of sodium chloride (NaCl). The TPF concentration was varied to a maximum of 0.4%, the level of injected solution was varied between 10% and 30%, and the concentration of collagen fibers to be added in each of the injected levels was varied between 0.1%, and 0.3% in the final product. This variation is in accordance with the manufacturer¿s recommendation of a maximum of 1% collagen fiber in the final product. This limit is set because the characteristic flavor of collagen is undesirable to the consumer. The main sample was the reference cut injected at the specified levels with the standard brine solution made only by 1% NaCl solution. The following properties of the cut were evaluated before injection: pH, water hold capacity, and centesimal composition of the total collagen. The microbiological analyses followed the requirements of ANVISA in RDC nº. 12, from January 12th, 2001. The injected cuts were wrapped in vacuum and were stored for 24 hours at 4 ºC. After this period the water hold capacity was analyzed (WHC), and the losses from storage passed through the industrial cooking process used for the production of ¿Cooked Frozen Beef¿ (CFB). Throughout the analysis period the cuts remained stored in chambers at -20 ºC. To analyse the functional behavior, the following properties were evaluated: objective tenderness by shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA), losses in storage and cooking, and the process effectiveness. The results obtained were evaluated through surface response analysis. The process benefited from the collagen fiber in the injected formulation. In the two cuts studied this benefit was inversely proportional to the level of the applied injections. The fiber addition in the injection formulation positively impacted the water hold capacity for both studied cuts, independent of the presence of TPF in the formulation. This benefit occurred as long as the injection level was maintained below 20%. Levels higher than 0.14% of the collagen fiber in the injected formulation promoted a substantial increase in the shear force values observed in the Triceps brachii muscle samples. The .Pectoralis profundi muscle displayed shear force values relatively higher than those observed for Triceps brachii muscle. Further researches should investigate the differences between the muscular cuts behavior. A texture profile analysis did not provide reliable data for the conditions in this study. This outcome may be a result of an error in the experimental design protocol, or it could be attributed to unexpected variables involved in the process / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 montezuma_r_me_rcla.pdf: 2261471 bytes, checksum: e8de3c70b94bdde4b8cd09e24247eaf2 (MD5) / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o Perfil de Textura (TPA) em formulações comerciais de “carne bovina em conserva” (corned beef) enlatada processada termicamente e avaliar sua relação com os valores de esterilização (F0), com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP) e com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP). Foram selecionados 14 lotes de produção de corned beef em latas tronco trapezoidais de 340 g correspondentes ao padrão continental Campden A e destes foram retiradas 24 latas do produto dos sub lotes submetidos ao processamento térmico. Destas latas foram retiradas seis amostras aleatórias para determinação do TPA e para análise da composição visando determinação da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP), da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP) e do Conteúdo Carne Magra (LMC). As latas de corned beef analisadas foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos de 75,0 a 76,7 minutos, com a temperatura da autoclave a 121o C e resfriamento a 35o C durante 60 minutos, obtendo-se valores de F0 no centro de massa do produto variando de 14,8 a 20 minutos. Os parâmetros de TPA dureza, fraturabilidade, coesividade, elasticidade, adesividade, mastigabilidade, gomosidade e resiliência foram determinados no bloco integral do produto bloco resfriado a 4ºC em oito pontos na superfície. Os mesmos blocos do produto utilizados para determinação do TPA foram analisados quanto à composição média, apresentando concentração de 0,4 a 2,5% para CCTP, de 21,7 a 25,3% para MTP e de 102,79 a 107,95% para LMC. Os tratamentos de corned beef avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Tukey nas médias dos parâmetros dureza, gomosidade, mastigabilidade, adesividade e elasticidade. Os três primeiros parâmetros apresentaram correlações significativas fortemente negativas com o valor... / The objectives of this research were the determination of the texture profile of canned corned beef thermally processed and to evaluate its relationship with the sterilization value (F0) and the composition. Fourteen production batches of Campden A grade 340-g corned beef cans were selected, from which twenty-four cans of the thermal process sub-batches were retrieved. From the sub-batches, six random sample cans were taken and its content submitted to the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and to the composition analysis to determine the concentration of the Collagenous Connective Tissue Protein (CCTP), the Muscular Tissue Protein (MTP) concentration and the Lean Meat Content (LMC). The corned beef samples analyzed were submitted to thermal treatments at 121o C (retort steam temperature) for varying heating times, from 75 to 76 minutes and cooled at 35o C (retort water temperature) during 35 minutes, to obtain F0 values at the product center point varying from 14.8 to 20 minutes. The TPA parameters were determined in 8 points of the whole corned beef loaf of each sample, previously chilled and stabilized at 4o C temperature, to obtain hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience. The same sample material were then analyzed in terms of average composition of the product, resulting in concentrations in the range of 0.4 to 2.5% for CCTP, 21.7 to 25.3% for MTP and content from 102.8% to 108.0% for LMC. The treated corned beef samples analyzed showed significant differences in the means for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and elasticity. These parameters showed dependence with the sterilization value (F0), revealing negative strong significant correlation for F0 with hardness, gumminess and chewiness. The MTP and LMC values showed a high positive significant correlation with cohesiveness. It was observed a high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Roger Darros Barbosa / Banca: Pedro Fernando Romanelli / Banca: Marcos Franke Pinto / Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o Perfil de Textura (TPA) em formulações comerciais de "carne bovina em conserva" (corned beef) enlatada processada termicamente e avaliar sua relação com os valores de esterilização (F0), com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP) e com a Concentração da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP). Foram selecionados 14 lotes de produção de corned beef em latas tronco trapezoidais de 340 g correspondentes ao padrão continental Campden A e destes foram retiradas 24 latas do produto dos sub lotes submetidos ao processamento térmico. Destas latas foram retiradas seis amostras aleatórias para determinação do TPA e para análise da composição visando determinação da Proteína do Tecido Conjuntivo Colagenoso (CCTP), da Proteína do Tecido Muscular (MTP) e do Conteúdo Carne Magra (LMC). As latas de corned beef analisadas foram submetidas a tratamentos térmicos de 75,0 a 76,7 minutos, com a temperatura da autoclave a 121o C e resfriamento a 35o C durante 60 minutos, obtendo-se valores de F0 no centro de massa do produto variando de 14,8 a 20 minutos. Os parâmetros de TPA dureza, fraturabilidade, coesividade, elasticidade, adesividade, mastigabilidade, gomosidade e resiliência foram determinados no bloco integral do produto bloco resfriado a 4ºC em oito pontos na superfície. Os mesmos blocos do produto utilizados para determinação do TPA foram analisados quanto à composição média, apresentando concentração de 0,4 a 2,5% para CCTP, de 21,7 a 25,3% para MTP e de 102,79 a 107,95% para LMC. Os tratamentos de corned beef avaliados apresentaram diferenças significativas pelo teste de Tukey nas médias dos parâmetros dureza, gomosidade, mastigabilidade, adesividade e elasticidade. Os três primeiros parâmetros apresentaram correlações significativas fortemente negativas com o valor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objectives of this research were the determination of the texture profile of canned corned beef thermally processed and to evaluate its relationship with the sterilization value (F0) and the composition. Fourteen production batches of Campden A grade 340-g corned beef cans were selected, from which twenty-four cans of the thermal process sub-batches were retrieved. From the sub-batches, six random sample cans were taken and its content submitted to the Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and to the composition analysis to determine the concentration of the Collagenous Connective Tissue Protein (CCTP), the Muscular Tissue Protein (MTP) concentration and the Lean Meat Content (LMC). The corned beef samples analyzed were submitted to thermal treatments at 121o C (retort steam temperature) for varying heating times, from 75 to 76 minutes and cooled at 35o C (retort water temperature) during 35 minutes, to obtain F0 values at the product center point varying from 14.8 to 20 minutes. The TPA parameters were determined in 8 points of the whole corned beef loaf of each sample, previously chilled and stabilized at 4o C temperature, to obtain hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience. The same sample material were then analyzed in terms of average composition of the product, resulting in concentrations in the range of 0.4 to 2.5% for CCTP, 21.7 to 25.3% for MTP and content from 102.8% to 108.0% for LMC. The treated corned beef samples analyzed showed significant differences in the means for hardness, adhesiveness, chewiness and elasticity. These parameters showed dependence with the sterilization value (F0), revealing negative strong significant correlation for F0 with hardness, gumminess and chewiness. The MTP and LMC values showed a high positive significant correlation with cohesiveness. It was observed a high... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y sensoriales. Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100 °C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra). Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el SV. / Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953 / TESIS