Non-consequentialists agree that Luke may not kill Lorelai in order to prevent Kirk from killing Richard and Emily. According to this view, Luke faces a deontic constraint: he is forbidden from killing Lorelai, even though doing so will bring about fewer killings overall. The justification of constraints, in my view, faces two challenges. First, constraints must meet the Irrationality Challenge: it needs to be demonstrated that there is nothing inconsistent about the claim that Luke should allow more killings to come about. And, secondly, a successful explanation of constraints must meet the Authority Challenge: we need to know why Luke’s reason not to kill Lorelai is normatively categorical. This dissertation takes up different aspects of Authority Challenge. The first introductory chapter aims to motivate the question of authority as a pressing challenge to non-consequentialism. I argue that the violation of constraints is not just motivated by the thought that they are rationally inconsistent, but by the claim that their intuitive importance cannot be explained. Chapters two and three take up the connection between the authority of constraints and their interpersonal character. In chapter two, I argue that Stephen Darwall’s account of the second-person standpoint cannot yield an account of constraints that satisfies the Authority Challenge and that T.M. Scanlon’s contractualism offers us a better way of accounting for the interpersonal significance of constraints. Chapter three argues that Frances Kamm’s inviolability approach cannot be reconciled with the intuitive distinction between acting wrongly and wronging someone. The arguments of this chapter are meant to demonstrate that in order for wronging to carry any normative significance, it must play a foundational role in our account of permissibility. The fourth chapter argues that Moderate deontologists—those who posit a threshold on the killing of the innocent—cannot make sense of the intuitive authority of deontic constraints. The failure of Moderate deontology, I argue, reveals the overlooked appeal of Absolutism. The fifth chapter argues that the authority of restrictions extends to a prohibition on killing non-responsible threats. I argue that a prohibition on killing non-responsible threats accords with the demands of fairness. / Thesis (Ph.D, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-29 10:37:45.739

This study emerged from professional practice into a critique of the notion of empowerment: a generative inquiry into the lived embodied experience of individuals, the ‘nitty-gritty’ of people in time, in particular locations, across different employment sectors. It focuses on the conjunctions and disjunctions of these employees, the voices of front-line practitioners, in making choices, as well as the dilemmas that they face in doing this, both from inside and outside of work. Competing discourses are identified shaping, and being shaped by, the managers of the three companies at the heart of this research inquiry. Moreover, this research uncovered systemic issues arising from where such empowerment rhetorics derived and what they are acting upon in terms of people’s lives within these complex systems. This has resulted in distinctive action at an individual and organisational level through the utilisation of critically reflexive action research. This study is not purely a linear progression. A cyclical, critically reflexive methodology, my own ‘story’ of being empowered and disempowered whilst participating with others in this inquiry, has both deepened and enriched the perspectives offered. Therefore, this research offers an alternative perspective of empowerment as well as in relation to writing about empowerment, a complexity of perspectives explored through the use of literary, artistic and analytical forms that display the depth and richness of participant experience. My research therefore moves beyond the ethnographic studies of management to embrace the shifting sense of lives beyond the workplace, and the complexity of choice making through individual narratives across different sectors. At the same time it is centred in the embodied sense of lived experience that is missing from the critique of management offered by Alvesson and Wilmott [1992,1998], and others [Knights, 1992. Leetz and Mumby, 1990] of the critical management tradition

No description available.

No description available.

AIMS OF THE STUDY I. To investigate the attitudes of three groups of adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds viz. Asian, English and West Indian, towards certain authority-figures in Bristol - parents, school teachers and police-officers. II. To determine whether Asian and West Indian adolescents are positive or negative in their attitudes towards these authority- figures. III. To account for any differences in attitudes between the groups' evaluations/ratings of the eight authority-figures. METHODOLOGY There are two main parts to the current study. The first stage involves the elicitation of personal constructs from 200 adolescents - girls and boys 15-16 years. These adolescents completed the Role Title Grids which consisted of the authority- figures. Personal constructs describing them were elicited. Five independent judges selected personal constructs which they considered to be representative of the three groups. These were used in constructing the rating grid or scale. The second stage of the investigation was the administration of the rating grid to two hundred and seventy-one (271) adolescents in five (5) comprehensive schools in Bristol. RESULTS I. Descriptive statistics were used in Stage 1 of the analysis of the data to establish trends and differences between the groups. Means and standard deviations were computed which indicated that there were differences between the groups for the authority-figures - headmaster/deputy head, female/male teacher and policeman/policewoman. II. Two by two 'Analysis of Variance' was undertaken in order to find out how significant these differences were. The "F ratios" obtained showed that the differences between Asian and English, as well as Asian and West Indian were significant at the .05 level of significance. III. The "One Tailed 't' test" was used to identify which group(s) these differences could be associated with - in respect of authority-figures. The results showed that the differences could be associated with the West Indian and English groups. IV. Cross-tabulation and (x2) Chi Square statistics were used to establish the frequency with which each group use personal construct(s) in evaluating or rating authority-figures. The results show that Asians responded 'favourable' to the attitude constructs in the evaluation of all the eights authority figures. whereas the West Indians and English responded 'unfavourable' to six of the authority figures.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University

Thesis (D. Min.)--Ashland Theological Seminary, 2005. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-271).

African American underrepresentation in positions of power within the intercollegiate and professional sports hierarchy continues to be a major concern among the media, professional sports organizations, and academic researchers. Although African Americans dominate the rosters of college and professional football teams, they remain grossly underrepresented in the management ranks. In 2002, the NFL designed a diversity plan that is commonly referred to as the "Rooney Rule" in order to increase the recruitment of African-Americans in head coaching positions. This dissertation is based on an examination of the impact of this policy in fostering diversity in NFL hiring patterns for the pre- and post- Rooney Rule eras. The study's objectives were (1) to examine the effectiveness of the Rooney Rule in increasing the hiring of African-American head coaches and (2) to identify and describe the factors and mechanisms that function to either enhance or impede mobility for minority candidates. To achieve these aims data was compiled from a variety of archival sources, including NFL and news media records. Furthermore, an integrative theoretical model was developed to assess the previously overlooked factors, particularly job authority, affecting mobility for minorities. The results revealed that the Rooney Rule has been effective in increasing the number of African-American coaches interviewed and ultimately hired as NFL head coaches. However, it was also found that there are more factors that impede rather than enhance mobility opportunities within the management ranks of the NFL. The integrative theoretical model predicted that race would play a role in a candidate receiving consideration for and being hired for a high authority, high power job. It was concluded that the factor that predicts mobility the most, as assessed by hiring, is authority level; which is the area in which African-Americans are underrepresented, thus leading to decreased chances of being interviewed or hired. Analyses indicated that African-American coaches are found in the less powerful coaching positions, are offered fewer interviews, and are hired less frequently; providing support for the argument that race continues to be important in the connection between leadership and selection for management positions.

Non-consequentialists agree that Luke may not kill Lorelai in order to prevent Kirk from killing Richard and Emily. According to this view, Luke faces a deontic constraint: he is forbidden from killing Lorelai, even though doing so will bring about fewer killings overall. The justification of constraints, in my view, faces two challenges. First, constraints must meet the Irrationality Challenge: it needs to be demonstrated that there is nothing inconsistent about the claim that Luke should allow more killings to come about. And, secondly, a successful explanation of constraints must meet the Authority Challenge: we need to know why Luke’s reason not to kill Lorelai is normatively categorical. This dissertation takes up different aspects of Authority Challenge. The first introductory chapter aims to motivate the question of authority as a pressing challenge to non-consequentialism. I argue that the violation of constraints is not just motivated by the thought that they are rationally inconsistent, but by the claim that their intuitive importance cannot be explained. Chapters two and three take up the connection between the authority of constraints and their interpersonal character. In chapter two, I argue that Stephen Darwall’s account of the second-person standpoint cannot yield an account of constraints that satisfies the Authority Challenge and that T.M. Scanlon’s contractualism offers us a better way of accounting for the interpersonal significance of constraints. Chapter three argues that Frances Kamm’s inviolability approach cannot be reconciled with the intuitive distinction between acting wrongly and wronging someone. The arguments of this chapter are meant to demonstrate that in order for wronging to carry any normative significance, it must play a foundational role in our account of permissibility. The fourth chapter argues that Moderate deontologists—those who posit a threshold on the killing of the innocent—cannot make sense of the intuitive authority of deontic constraints. The failure of Moderate deontology, I argue, reveals the overlooked appeal of Absolutism. The fifth chapter argues that the authority of restrictions extends to a prohibition on killing non-responsible threats. I argue that a prohibition on killing non-responsible threats accords with the demands of fairness. / Thesis (Ph.D, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2013-08-29 10:37:45.739

Thesis--Columbia University. / Pub. also without thesis statement. Vita. "Published sources": p. 267-269.