Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / CAD/CAM crowns have become popular due to the many advantages associated with this technology. Optimal bonding adhesion is crucial for the durability of these indirect restorations and many factors influence this crucial step. Currently, there is no consensus or evidence-based guidelines on the best adhesion protocol for CAD/CAM crowns fabricated from hybrid materials. This study was aimed at investigating the influence of three types of resin cements on the shear bond strength of a hybrid CAD/CAM material in vitro.

No description available.

This thesis traces the figure of the idealized child through three of Frances Hodgson Burnett's children's books: Editha's Burglar (1888), Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886), and The Secret Garden (1911). In all three books Frances Hodgson Burnett introduces child characters who have a nuanced understanding of the world around them that allows them to cure the brokenness in the adult world. Burnett's use of the child figure and of illness as a representation of flaws in society reflected increased focus on these topics in the nineteenth century; they also rose from her belief in mind cure. This thesis examines the source of the curative power each protagonist wields, the impacts of their cure, and what the need for cure says about the larger society and the characters themselves. It also emphasizes how this cure was shaped by the children's gender and socioeconomic status. I argue that throughout all three works Burnett's protagonists take on traits of the idealized child to restore the world to her view of the natural world order. In doing this, Burnett reaffirms traditional family structure, separate spheres ideology, and class hierarchy. / Master of Arts / This thesis traces the figure of the idealized child through three of Frances Hodgson Burnett's children's books: Editha's Burglar (1888), Little Lord Fauntleroy (1886), and The Secret Garden (1911). In all three books Frances Hodgson Burnett introduces child characters who have a nuanced understanding of the world around them that allows them to cure the brokenness in the adult world. Burnett's use of the child figure and of illness as a representation of flaws in society reflected increased focus on these topics in the nineteenth century; they also rose from her belief in mind cure. This thesis examines the source of the curative power each protagonist wields, the impacts of their cure, and what the need for cure says about the larger society and the characters themselves. It also emphasizes how this cure was shaped by the children's gender and socioeconomic status. I argue that throughout all three works Burnett's protagonists take on traits of the idealized child to restore the world to her view of the natural world order. In doing this, Burnett reaffirms traditional family structure, separate spheres ideology, and class hierarchy.

R-medžių analizė, taikant juos duomenų gavybos algoritmams. / Analysis of R-trees for Data Mining Algorithms.

Introdução: O Brasil é o segundo país no mundo em número de casos novos de hanseníase, doença infecciosa, com alto poder incapacitante e historicamente ligada preconceito, estigma e castigo e à exclusão social pela política sanitária de contenção da doença até meados do século passado. Avanços tecnológicos e mudanças na política de controle da doença conduziram a possibilidade de tratamento ambulatorial, alta por cura e experiências de participação em grupos de apoio, entretanto, questiona-se como pacientes que receberam alta por cura percebem, o processo de adoecimento, atribuem significado à cura e vivenciam marcas do estigma e do preconceito relacionado à doença. Objetivos: Identificar relações que mulheres que tiveram hanseníase estabelecem entre essa enfermidade e suas implicações para a vida cotidiana de cada uma; identificar significados atribuídos, por mulheres que tiveram hanseníase, ao processo de adoecimento; identificar tipos de relações das mulheres com a participação em um grupo de apoio; desvelar sentidos atribuídos pelas mulheres à experiência da cura da hanseníase e às consequentes lesões sociais. Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas com quinze mulheres, ex-pacientes e membros do Grupo de Apoio a Mulheres Atingidas pela Hanseníase- GAMAH que desenvolve atividades educativas de autocuidados, profissionalização e geração de renda. Resultados: Os relatos das mulheres estão relacionados à hanseníase no cotidiano, com as narrativas sobre a complexidade do diagnóstico, apresentando a dor como marca mais significativa. Outra categoria resgata o retardo no diagnóstico e se explica por ser dado por profissionais não especialistas, pelo desconhecimento dos sintomas da doença pelas mulheres, ou ainda pela negação de estar doente. O apoio social encontrado no GAMAH configura outro agrupamento de ideias, mostrando o apoio na forma de assistencialismo, a forma que conheceu o GAMAH, e o mesmo como espaço de compartilhamento de vivências. Outro grupo de respostas se refere às sequelas permanentes, como complicações depois da hanseníase, sobre o tratamento e o cotidiano, e também sobre os cuidados com o corpo. E o ultimo agrupamento de respostas, refere-se aos processos de alta e os significados da cura da hanseníase, a crença na cura em contraponto com a descrença na cura, com uso de alguns indicadores para justificar as respostas, e ainda relatos de estigmas e preconceitos como representação da lesão social. Considerações Finais Diante do significado da vivência das mulheres com a hanseníase e dos desafios das mesmas na vida cotidiana para superar o que se chamou de lesões sociais, desvelou-se a questão que parece relacionada não somente a insuficiente implementação de políticas públicas, mas igualmente a problemas de acolhimento para a multiplicidade de cuidados que a hanseníase exige em termos clínicos e sociais, com ações que vão além da perspectiva de contenção da doença. / Brazil is the second country in the world in terms of number of new cases of leprosy, an infectious disease, with high incapacitating power and historically linked to prejudice, stigma and punishment, and to social exclusion by the health politics to contain the disease until the middle of the last century. Technological advances and changes in the control politics of the disease have led to the possibility of outpatient treatment, high cure and experiences of participation in support groups, however, it is questioned how patients who were discharged by cure perceive, the process of illness, give meaning To cure and experience marks of stigma and prejudice related to the disease. To identify relationships that women who had leprosy establish between this disease and its implications for the daily life of each one; To identify meanings attributed, by women who had leprosy, to the process of illness; Identify types of women\'s relationships with participation in a support group; Reveal the senses attributed by women to the experience of the cure of leprosy and the consequent social injuries. Interviews were conducted with fifteen women, former patients and members of the Support Group for Women Affected by Leprosy - GAMAH - who develop educational activities of self-care, professionalization and income generation. The reports of women are related to leprosy in daily life, with narratives about the complexity of the diagnosis, presenting pain as the most significant brand. Another category rescues the delay in diagnosis and is explained by being given by non-specialists, by the lack of knowledge of the symptoms of the disease by women, or by the denial of being sick. The social support found in GAMAH sets up another grouping of ideas, showing the support in the form of assistance, the form that knew the GAMAH, and the same as space of sharing of experiences. Another group of responses portrays permanent sequelae, such as complications after leprosy, treatment and daily life, and body care. And the last grouping of responses refers to discharge processes and the meanings of the cure of leprosy, belief in cure versus disbelief in cure, use of some indicators to justify responses, and reports of stigma and Prejudices as a representation of the social injury. In view of the significance of women living with leprosy and their daily challenges in overcoming what has been called social injury, the issue that seems to be related not only to the insufficient implementation of public policies, but also to the Problems of reception for the multiplicity of care that leprosy requires in clinical and social terms, with actions that go beyond the perspective of containment of the disease.

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a profundidade de polimerização através de testes de microdureza em dois tipos de resina composta com matrizes distintas utilizando um aparelho fotoativador do tipo LED, empregando-se diferentes densidades de energia, sendo avaliados no período inicial (baseline) e após 7 dias. O método utilizado foi o teste de dureza Knoop em amostras de dois compósitos fotoativáveis (P 90, 3M/ESPE, cor A2; Z 250, 3M/ESPE, cor A2). Os corpos-de-prova foram subdivididos em 8 grupos (n=10), metade realizado com cada resina testada. Cada grupo foi definido através de diferentes densidades de energia (600 mW/cm2 x 40s; 1000 mW/cm2 x 40s; 1000 mW/cm2 x 20s; 1400 mW/cm2 x 20s), cada corpo-de- prova obtinha 4 medidas, diferentes profundidades (0, 1, 2 e 3 mm). Cada corpo-de-prova foi confeccionado com o auxilio de uma matriz metálica, constituída por 3 partes, superior, intermediaria e inferior, cada uma com 1 mm de espessura e orifício central com diâmetro de 5 mm. Sobre cada parte preenchida com resina, era colocado um pedaço de tira de poliéster, sobre o qual, com uma lâmina de vidro era exercida uma pressão para promover uma superfície lisa e plana. A unidade fotoativadora utilizada foi LED, para conseguir as diferentes densidades de potência, anéis de plástico foram acoplados na ponta do aparelho fotoativador. A fotoativação foi realizada com a ponta da unidade fotoativadora em contato com a tira de poliéster colocada na parte superior do corpo-de-prova (0 mm). Assim , cada espécime era composto por três partes, cada uma com 1 mm de espessura. Logo após a fotoativação, as partes dos espécimes eram separadas e realizavam-se 5 impressões de dureza Knoop (dureza inicial), com carga de 50g durante 30s, em 4 superfícies, que eram: 1ª) superfície superior da parte superior do espécime, voltada para a fonte de luz (0 mm); 2ª) superfície inferior da parte superior do espécime (1 mm); 3ª) superfície inferior da parte intermediária do espécime (2 mm); e 4ª) superfície inferior da parte inferior do espécime (3 mm). Após 7 dias de estocagem numa estufa a 37ºC, novas leituras de dureza eram realizadas (dureza final). Verificou-se que: 1) A resina composta P 90 obteve menores médias dos valores de dureza Knoop em relação à outra resina composta estudada, Z 250; 2) Quanto maior a profundidade, menores alores de dureza Knoop foram mensurados; 3) Valores de dureza Knoop final foram maiores após 7 dias em comparação a dureza Knoop inicial; 4) De acordo com o aumento da densidade de potência, maiores médias dos valores de dureza Knoop foram mensurados. Esses resultados permitem concluir que: 1) A resina melhora sua propriedade de dureza num período de 7 dias; 2) Quanto maior a profundidade, menor a dureza; 3) quanto maior a densidade de potência utilizada neste trabalho, maior dureza foi avaliado; 4) a resina P 90 obteve valores inferiores a resina Z 250 avaliadas nas mesmas condições. / This study aimed to evaluate the depth of cure through microhardness tests on two types of resin composite with different matrices using LED curing unit, using different energy densities and are assessed during the initial (baseline) and after 7 days. Knoop hardness test was performed in samples made of two light cured composites (P 90, 3M/ESPE, A2; Z 250, 3M/ESPE, A2). The specimens were divided into 8 groups (n=10), and half of them were made with each composite resin tested. Each group was defined by different power densities (600 mW/cm2 x 40s, 1000 mW/cm2 x 40s, 1000 mW/cm2 x 20s; mW/cm2 1400 x 20s), each specimens obtained four measures, different depths (0, 1, 2 and 3 mm). Each specimens was made with the aid of a metal matrix, consisting of 3 parts, superior, intermediate and bottom, each with 1 mm thickness and center hole diameter of 5 mm. On each side filled with resin, was placed a piece of polyester strip, on which, with a glass slide was exerted pressure to promote a flat surface. A unit LED curing was used and to achieve different power densities, plastic rings were attached at the tip of the curing unit. The polymerization was carried out with the tip of the curing unit in contact with the polyester strip placed on top of the specimen (0 mm). Thus, each specimen was composed of three parts, each part with 1 mm thick. Immediately after curing, the parts of the specimens were separated and held up five impressions of Knoop hardness (initial hardness), with a load of 50g for 30s on 4 surfaces, which were: 1) the upper surface of the upper specimen directed to the light source (0 mm), 2) lower surface of the upper specimen (1 mm); 3) lower surface of the middle section of the specimen (2 mm) and 4) lower surface of the bottom of the specimen (3 mm). After 7 days of storage in an oven at 37°C, new hardness re adings were made (final hardness). It was found that: 1) The composite P 90 had lower average values of Knoop hardness in relation to the other studied composite, Z 250, 2) The greater the depth, lower Knoop hardness values were measured, 3) Final values of Knoop hardness were higher after 7 days compared with initial hardness, 4) In accordance with the increase of power density, higher average values of Knoop hardness were measured. These results indicate that: 1) The resin improves the hardness property over a period of 7 days, 2) The greater the depth, the lower the hardness, 3) the higher the power density used in this study, higher hardness was evaluated; 4 ) P 90 resin obtained values less than Z 250 resin, evaluated under the same conditions.

Introdução: O Brasil é o segundo país no mundo em número de casos novos de hanseníase, doença infecciosa, com alto poder incapacitante e historicamente ligada preconceito, estigma e castigo e à exclusão social pela política sanitária de contenção da doença até meados do século passado. Avanços tecnológicos e mudanças na política de controle da doença conduziram a possibilidade de tratamento ambulatorial, alta por cura e experiências de participação em grupos de apoio, entretanto, questiona-se como pacientes que receberam alta por cura percebem, o processo de adoecimento, atribuem significado à cura e vivenciam marcas do estigma e do preconceito relacionado à doença. Objetivos: Identificar relações que mulheres que tiveram hanseníase estabelecem entre essa enfermidade e suas implicações para a vida cotidiana de cada uma; identificar significados atribuídos, por mulheres que tiveram hanseníase, ao processo de adoecimento; identificar tipos de relações das mulheres com a participação em um grupo de apoio; desvelar sentidos atribuídos pelas mulheres à experiência da cura da hanseníase e às consequentes lesões sociais. Metodologia: Foram realizadas entrevistas com quinze mulheres, ex-pacientes e membros do Grupo de Apoio a Mulheres Atingidas pela Hanseníase- GAMAH que desenvolve atividades educativas de autocuidados, profissionalização e geração de renda. Resultados: Os relatos das mulheres estão relacionados à hanseníase no cotidiano, com as narrativas sobre a complexidade do diagnóstico, apresentando a dor como marca mais significativa. Outra categoria resgata o retardo no diagnóstico e se explica por ser dado por profissionais não especialistas, pelo desconhecimento dos sintomas da doença pelas mulheres, ou ainda pela negação de estar doente. O apoio social encontrado no GAMAH configura outro agrupamento de ideias, mostrando o apoio na forma de assistencialismo, a forma que conheceu o GAMAH, e o mesmo como espaço de compartilhamento de vivências. Outro grupo de respostas se refere às sequelas permanentes, como complicações depois da hanseníase, sobre o tratamento e o cotidiano, e também sobre os cuidados com o corpo. E o ultimo agrupamento de respostas, refere-se aos processos de alta e os significados da cura da hanseníase, a crença na cura em contraponto com a descrença na cura, com uso de alguns indicadores para justificar as respostas, e ainda relatos de estigmas e preconceitos como representação da lesão social. Considerações Finais Diante do significado da vivência das mulheres com a hanseníase e dos desafios das mesmas na vida cotidiana para superar o que se chamou de lesões sociais, desvelou-se a questão que parece relacionada não somente a insuficiente implementação de políticas públicas, mas igualmente a problemas de acolhimento para a multiplicidade de cuidados que a hanseníase exige em termos clínicos e sociais, com ações que vão além da perspectiva de contenção da doença. / Brazil is the second country in the world in terms of number of new cases of leprosy, an infectious disease, with high incapacitating power and historically linked to prejudice, stigma and punishment, and to social exclusion by the health politics to contain the disease until the middle of the last century. Technological advances and changes in the control politics of the disease have led to the possibility of outpatient treatment, high cure and experiences of participation in support groups, however, it is questioned how patients who were discharged by cure perceive, the process of illness, give meaning To cure and experience marks of stigma and prejudice related to the disease. To identify relationships that women who had leprosy establish between this disease and its implications for the daily life of each one; To identify meanings attributed, by women who had leprosy, to the process of illness; Identify types of women\'s relationships with participation in a support group; Reveal the senses attributed by women to the experience of the cure of leprosy and the consequent social injuries. Interviews were conducted with fifteen women, former patients and members of the Support Group for Women Affected by Leprosy - GAMAH - who develop educational activities of self-care, professionalization and income generation. The reports of women are related to leprosy in daily life, with narratives about the complexity of the diagnosis, presenting pain as the most significant brand. Another category rescues the delay in diagnosis and is explained by being given by non-specialists, by the lack of knowledge of the symptoms of the disease by women, or by the denial of being sick. The social support found in GAMAH sets up another grouping of ideas, showing the support in the form of assistance, the form that knew the GAMAH, and the same as space of sharing of experiences. Another group of responses portrays permanent sequelae, such as complications after leprosy, treatment and daily life, and body care. And the last grouping of responses refers to discharge processes and the meanings of the cure of leprosy, belief in cure versus disbelief in cure, use of some indicators to justify responses, and reports of stigma and Prejudices as a representation of the social injury. In view of the significance of women living with leprosy and their daily challenges in overcoming what has been called social injury, the issue that seems to be related not only to the insufficient implementation of public policies, but also to the Problems of reception for the multiplicity of care that leprosy requires in clinical and social terms, with actions that go beyond the perspective of containment of the disease.

Photopolymerization is considered an attractive alternative in many industries to traditional polymerization processes. The advantages of photopolymerization over other types of polymerization include elimination of heat sources, faster cure times, and reduction in the use of volatile organic solvents. Despite these environmental and cost-saving advantages, photopolymerizations have several limitations. Light attenuation can be a problem for systems containing pigments or fillers. The radiation source penetrates only to a shallow depth beneath the surface, limiting the thickness of strongly pigmented or filled coatings and films. Photopolymerization is also generally limited to systems with simple geometries that can be uniformly illuminated. Coatings on three-dimensional substrates, or other systems with complex geometries, are difficult to uniformly cure. These problems can be solved by "shadow cure," which is defined as the reactive diffusion of photoinitiated active centers into regions of a polymer that are unilluminated. In this contribution, the generation and subsequent spatial and temporal evolution of the active center concentrations during illumination are analyzed using the differential equations that govern the light intensity gradient and photoinitiator concentration gradient for polychromatic illumination. Reactive diffusion of the active centers during the post-illumination period is shown to result in cure of unilluminated regions. A kinetic analysis is performed by coupling the active center concentration profiles with the propagation rate equation, yielding predicted cure times for a variety of applications. This analysis is used for the evaluation of cationic shadow cure in pigmented photopolymerization systems, and systems with complex geometries. The extensive characterization of cationic systems is then applied to free-radical photopolymerization to examine the potential of shadow cure for active centers with much shorter lifetimes. An example of a free-radical photopolymerization system is characterized in which the dimensional scales are small enough to utilize the short lifetimes of the active centers. The results presented for both free-radical and cationic shadow cure indicate that the reactive diffusion of photoinitiated active centers may be used for effective cure in unilluminated regions of a photopolymer. This research will potentially allow photopolymerization to be applied in industries where it has never before been utilized.

This thesis analyzes both Tezer &Ouml / zl&uuml / &rsquo / s life as an intellectual and her novels, The Chilly Nights of Childhood and Journey to the End of Life, in order to demonstrate &Ouml / zl&uuml / &rsquo / s portrayal of the inner life of the intellectual in her works and her unique way of expressing the effects of the political circumstances of the time on the individual intellectual. Through an analysis of her works from the standpoint of trauma theory, this study aims to demonstrate that &Ouml / zl&uuml / is engaged with the political problems of the era that she lives in although she does not express it explicitly in her works.

The allylic bromide functionality within brominated poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene), or BIIR, alkylates primary amines repeatedly to generate thermoset products at reaction rates that are too fast to support commercial rubber processing operations. The objective of this work was to assess the utility of latent N-nucleophiles as curatives and modification reagents for BIIR. Ideally, BIIR formulations containing these latent amines would not cure at standard compound mixing temperatures, but support high crosslinking rates and yields upon heating to conventional vulcanization temperatures. Carbon dioxide-derived salts of ammonia, including (NH4)2CO3, (NH4)HCO3 and (NH4)H2NCO2, can be mixed with BIIR without incurring crosslinking at temperatures below 100oC, but they generate adequate crosslink yields upon heating to 160oC. The corresponding CO2-derived salts of primary amines decompose below 100oC and, therefore, do not provide adequate scorch protection when mixed with BIIR. Latency was conferred on primary amines using imine derivatives, in particular N-alkylbenzaldimine and its substituted analogues. These latent curatives are activated by hydrolysis, thereby providing a means of controlling active nucleophile concentrations, and minimizing crosslinking activity at 100oC without impacting negatively on cure rates at 160oC. The scorch problems generated by primary amines extend to BIIR cure formulations employing conventional sulfur and ZnO curatives. In contrast, imine analogues are shown to provide low temperature scorch stability without impacting negatively on high temperature cure rates and extents. / Thesis (Master, Chemical Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-02-01 15:18:16.004