Experiences of disorientation can be common and powerful parts of moral agents‘ lives, yet they have not been characterized by mainstream Western philosophers, and their effects have not been adequately recognized by ethicists. In this dissertation, I remedy these gaps by providing an account of disorientations as multi-dimensional experiences and by fleshing out a more nuanced analysis of disorientation within the framework of experienced agency. I argue that, contra the philosophical tradition, disorientations are not always bad for moral agency. This thesis has two main aims: first, to introduce a philosophical framework to clarify experiences of disorientation and their effects; and second, to clarify the relation between disorientation and moral agency, showing how responsible action can both require and produce disorientation. In chapter one, I introduce disorientations as complex experiences of unease, discomfort, and uncertainty which vary in degree and in effects. In chapters two to four, I characterize disorientations on three axes: corporeal, affective, and epistemological. I argue that disorientations always involve all three dimensions of bodily, emotional, and cognitive experience and that shifts in body, affect, and knowledge can trigger experiences of disorientation. I draw on examples of how agents can become disoriented in periods of illness, trauma, grief, self-doubt, and education. In chapter five, I draw two lines of connection between disorientation and moral agency: experiences of disorientation can help us act more responsibly, and acting responsibly can be disorienting. In chapter six, I consider the political promise of disorientations, focusing on the way individuals‘ disorientations in response to a hate crime in their community prompted the creation of less harmful norms, and thereby a better place for individuals to live. In chapter seven, I conclude by outlining implications of my view for how we should face disorientations and what kinds of conditions should be in place to support those who are disoriented. Disorientations do not always enable moral agency. Given that moral philosophers are better versed in the ways disorientations can harm, my project is to distinguish the ways they can help, contesting the assumption that moral agency is always better the more oriented we are.

This thesis provides an ethical discussion about the merits of rehabilitation as well as retributivism within the modern American penal system.  By utilizing arguments by philosophers Ronald Dworkin and Immanuel Kant I conclude that under certain circumstances the seemingly dissimilar approaches of the rehabilitationist and the retributivist can co-exist.

There is a problem within contractarian ethics that I wish to resolve. It concerns individualpreferences. Contractarianism holds that morality, properly conceived, can satisfy individualpreferences and interests better than amorality or immorality. W hat is unclear, however, iswhether these preferences are those individuals actually hold or those that they should hold. The goal of my thesis is to investigate this question. I introduce a version of contractarian ethicsthat relies on ind ividual preferences in a manner more stringent than has been in the literatureto date.

This study examines the ethics of Western research involving Indigenous Peoples. The primary aim is to uncover the discursive strategies that impede Indigenous Peoples' social and political empowerment and the ethical issues revolving around such scholarship. The objective of this thesis is to uncover the assumptions, motivations, and values of Western research and scholarship involving Indigenous Peoples. The research addresses the distinction between assumptions about Indigenous Peoples as evidenced in the research process and the political, historical, and social reality of Indigenous Peoples. These distinctions are fundamental to the objective of negotiating an ethical order in knowledge production and research that impacts cross-cultural relation. The crucial positioning at the confluence of two worldviews enables a negotiation through counter claims as a process of developing an alternate model of knowing that illustrates a different perspective on researching. <p>Critical theory is utilized as a methodology to analyze the existing power structures and social inequalities that play a role in the nature of research involving Indigenous Peoples. This study does this by theoretical and qualitative writing that employs literature resources such as articles, documents, and books written by an increasing number of social critics from various fields and backgrounds. Numerous critical programs within the theory are used to provide avenues of critique and to pursue the development of alternate knowledge through the theory's language of possibility. In this respect, the author's voice is woven into the body of the methodology to introduce elements of primary research and as a bridging process to develop alternate views on knowledge and the research process from the Indigenous Peoples' perspective.<p> This thesis explores the basic principles of Western knowledge production to identify contradictions that would suggest inappropriate foundations for programs of research and discourses concerning Indigenous Peoples. A critical reading of literature highlights the body of critique in regards to the nature of Western research and discourses circumscribing the Western encounter with Indigenous Peoples. The introduction of the Indigenous worldview into the theoretical process illustrates a different and contrasting perspective to the idea of knowledge and its production. The encounter of these contrasting worldviews creates an ethical space, a place between worldviews, where the intentions of each are submitted for negotiation. The conceptual development of the ethical space opens up the possibility for configuring new models of research and knowledge production that is mutually developed through negotiation and respect in crosscultural interaction.<p> The role of Indigenous scholars, along with non-Indigenous allies, will be important in the formation of ethical processes of research that contemplates crossing cultural borders. The Indigenous scholar's position at the confluence of worldviews is crucial in the work required to assert and realign perspectives about Indigenous Peoples and their knowledge. Developing and disseminating Indigenous Peoples' perspectives about society and knowledge is crucial in advancing not only critique, but also in developing new forms of knowledge. The perspective of Indigenous Peoples represents a gaze on the Western world that reflects the nature of its being in moral and ethical terms.<p>Through this thesis work, I have found it is necessary to place critique within a proper and broader context that includes alternate knowledge paradigms. Critical thought with links to Western paradigms and structures cannot properly accommodate the full range of desire to develop new systems of knowledge production. The language of possibility envisioned by the theory offers the avenue to pursue alternative models of knowing in trying to achieve the goal of emancipation. The goal of emancipation for Indigenous Peoples will require the assertion of Indigenous perspectives within a theory of the possible and as a transition to an Indigenous research methodology.<p> Understanding Western social structures and systems, and the role of education in the process of knowledge and cultural transmission, is a vital necessity in coming to terms with research involving Indigenous Peoples. The system of knowledge production and its dissemination in the West has vestiges of influence from a history of colonialism and imperialism. These vestiges of colonialism translate as appropriation and exploitation of Indigenous Peoples' knowledge in the modern context. Current waves of research projects from Western institutions, under global economic auspices, threaten to continue the appropriation and exploitation of Indigenous Peoples' intellectual and cultural property. Confronting these neo-colonial practices requires a broad and protracted process of conscientization about research ethics, cultural imperialism, and the protection of Indigenous Peoples' knowledge. This can be partially achieved through curricula in universities and research institutions. Apart from protecting and enhancing solid and culturally respectful research, any new research involving Indigenous Peoples should immediately cease to allow for a full ethical debate. Only in this way can there be ethics in research involving Indigenous Peoples.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to empirically investigate the impact of departmental ethical climate (climate) and primary student-faculty relationship (support) on graduate student stress (stress). Participants included 231 full-time doctoral-level counseling and clinical psychology graduate students who were recruited via email. It was hypothesized that climate and support would predict stress, with each of these variables having an inverse relationship with stress. It was also predicted that support would moderate the relationship between climate and stress. A model was constructed representing these hypotheses and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. Initial analyses indicated that the hypothesized model did not adequately represent the data; however, these analyses did render a reduced model that offered a better fit to the data. Analysis of the hypothesized model did not confirm the moderation effect of support. Analysis of the reduced model suggested that climate and support, together, accounted for a significant amount of variance (25%) in stress. Further examination indicated that, when considered individually, only the relationship between climate and stress was significant. The limitations and implications of these results are discussed.

The applicant decision making process is a complex one. During the recruitment process, signals from the organization provide information to the candidates and affect important recruitment outcomes. Ethics is one area the organization can utilize to communicate information regarding the organizational culture and environment. Drawing on signaling theory, this research suggests that ethical signals during the recruitment process affect recruitment outcomes through the mediating effect of the perception of the organization as ethical. Additionally, two important moderators, self-importance of moral identity and cognitive moral development, were examined. Using a study in the field as well as a rigorous laboratory study, this research found results generally consistent with the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, ethical organizational practices were related to attraction in both studies. Ethical recruitment practices were related to attraction in the laboratory study. Furthermore, the organizational practices/attraction relationship was partially mediated by the perception of the organization as ethical. Finally, some support was found for the cognitive moral development, self-importance of moral identity, and performance moderators. Practical implications and areas for future research are discussed.

This study focuses on one specific company case-study. In addition, a questionnaire was also distributed within the broader accounting community. Feedback was then analyzed to shed light on cognition of-and compliance with-business ethics and regulations. In order to implement corporate governance well, accounting staff should strengthen their own competence in their professional domain, and then ensure the rights of the company, the stockholders and the stakeholders. In this study it was found that, in general, accountants who are more familiar with accounting regulations will more frequently check if they are abiding by the rules or not. It was also concluded that accountants should continue to seek more efficient methods to improve their working practices, so as to better fulfill their assigned roles. At the same time, management teams should work to improve the accountants¡¦ judgment and fully support them in reconciling any potential conflict of interest.

­^¤åºK­n By the trend of Globalization and international marketing, it is impossible for us to neglect the different thoughts of marketing ethics among different countries and cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discuss the role of cultures in the marketing ethical decision-making procedure by using the concept of cross-cultures. Thus, the point of this research is in that when individuals face the dilemma of marketing ethics, the interactions of dilemma of moral intensity, personal moral philosophy and the differences of cultures will influence on individuals' perception, judgement and intention. In this research, We use the questionnaire as a tool to test the hypotheses and use back-translation technique to translate items between Chinese and English. Our samples are selected from Taiwan, American and France MBA students who have similar age and education background in order to lessen the interference of non-cultural factors. Besides, we will use the confirmatory statistics analysis to test the fit of these hypotheses. Findings: 1. We found that there will be a positive relationship among there stages of ethical decision-making under any cultural environment. 2. We found that moral density has a positive relationship with the procedure of ethical decision-making. 3. We found that there will have different relationships among moral philosophy and three stages of ethical decision-making in different countries. 4. we found that different cultures will play different roles in the ethical decision-making procedure. 5.We found that culture has no relationship with moral philosophy.

Univ., Diss.--Amsterdam, 2007.