by Greenslade, Leith Maree. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-76). / Questionnaire also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Culture and Business Ethics --- p.5 / Chinese Culture and Business Ethics --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.13 / Research Design --- p.13 / Sampling --- p.15 / Data Collection --- p.16 / Chapter IV. --- ANALYSIS --- p.17 / Scenario 1: Bribery --- p.20 / Scenario 2: Competition --- p.24 / Scenario 3: Product Liability --- p.28 / Scenario 4: Environment --- p.31 / Scenario 5: Whistle Blowing --- p.34 / Scenario 6: Financial Transparency --- p.37 / Scenario 7: Intellectual Property --- p.41 / Scenario 8: Gender --- p.44 / Scenario 9: Ethical Reasoning Ranking --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- FINDINGS --- p.54 / Chapter VI. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.60 / Chapter VII. --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.61 / APPENDICES --- p.70 / Chapter I. --- Hofstede China Analysis --- p.70 / Chapter II. --- English Survey --- p.71 / Chapter III. --- Chinese (Putonghua) Survey --- p.72 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.73

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馬嘉域. / "2008年2月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2008. / 參考文獻(leaves 116-118). / "2008 nian 2 yue". / Abstract also in English. / Ma Jiayu. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2008. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 116-118). / 緒論 --- p.5 / Chapter 第一章 --- 規則式道德爲道德建立基礎的嘗試及其失敗 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1 --- 啓蒙運動的努力一一休謨的嘗試 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- 啓蒙運動的努力一一康德的嘗試 --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- 爲何啓蒙運動以來的道德哲學必定失敗 --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- 啓蒙運動後的努力一一效益主義及其他 --- p.21 / Chapter 1.5 --- 直覺主義與情感主義一一道德根據的徹底喪失 --- p.23 / Chapter 1.6 --- 小結道德衰退的三階段 --- p.26 / Chapter 第二章 --- 麥肯泰爾論德性的根據和基礎 --- p.28 / Chapter 2.1 --- 德性與實踐活動的關係 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 內在價値與外在價値 --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 卓越標準 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- 必須依靠他人的協作性活動 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- 對德性初步理解的不足 --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2 --- 個人生活的敘述性整體 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 個人主義式自我與整體性自我 --- p.41 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 個別行爲的可理解性 --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 敘述、對話與個人身份 --- p.47 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 個人生活的敘述式整體 --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- 傳統的槪念 --- p.51 / Chapter 2.4 --- 小結德性論三階段的聯繫 --- p.55 / Chapter 第三章 --- 道德相對主義問題的消解及其困難 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- 傳統的合理性 --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- 知識論危機 --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3 --- 不同傳統之間的互相了解及相對主義的超越 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 真理的槪念 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 可理解性的問題 --- p.64 / Chapter 3.4 --- 小結 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四章 --- 後期麥肯泰爾一一德性倫理學的社會生物學基礎 --- p.69 / Chapter 4.1 --- 人與動物相同的地方 --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 意圖的前語言認識 --- p.72 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 行爲的理由 --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- 我們如何由動物成長爲人類? --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 價値與成長的關係 --- p.75 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 人類成長的三個階段 --- p.77 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 成長三階段的關係 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.3 --- 個人成長的依賴性 --- p.80 / Chapter 4.4 --- 施予及受惠的社群關係 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 施予及受惠的社群關係與權力分配 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 施予受惠關係的具體運作 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5 --- 維持社群關係的德性 --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- 正直地慷慨的特徵 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- 德性根據的改變 --- p.90 / Chapter 4.6 --- 小結一一德性與成長的整體圖像 --- p.91 / Chapter 第五章 --- 麥肯泰爾德性論的一些問題 --- p.93 / Chapter 5.1 --- 對待有缺陷人士的應有態度 --- p.94 / Chapter 5.2 --- 德性根據轉變一一社群內親疏關係的問題 --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- 價値衝突的處境 --- p.101 / Chapter 5.4 --- 社群建立的可能性 --- p.105 / 結語 --- p.109 / 參考書目 --- p.116

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MSc (Med), Bioethics and Health Law, Steve Biko Centre for Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Disclosure of HIV status has been considered an important public health issue for some 20 years. Yet the ethical issues surrounding the disclosure of positive HIV status have not been examined comprehensively. This report examines the ethics behind the disclosure of HIV-positive status primarily or individuals to their sex partners, and for health care practitioners to a patient’s sex partner when the patient is unwilling to disclose. Relevant rights and ethical principles are analysed, including the rights to: self-preservation; privacy and confidentiality; and the bioethical principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Historic and contemporary individual rights that people living with HIV (PLHIV) have regarding disclosure are emphasised, especially in adverse circumstances, where ethics can support non-disclosure based on the right to selfpreservation. Rights declarations and current disclosure guidelines for health care practitioners from several international and South Africa medical organisations also are reviewed. Of key importance to disclosure decisions are the specific situations of individuals in climates rife with stigma toward, and discrimination against, PLHIV, existing more or less worldwide. The potential negative impacts of disclosure are the basis for disclosure decisions of PLHIV. Research study results show that the negative impacts of disclosure can be severe for individuals, ranging from divorce or abandonment to community ostracism and even to murder. Relevant current theories of social justice related to HIV disclosure also are discussed. A conclusion is reached that, by decreasing stigma and discrimination against PLHIV and protecting individual rights related to HIV disclosure, prevention behaviours will be practised more widely, including ‘positive prevention’ by PLHIV and higher rates of disclosure. The eventual result will be the longterm public health goal of decreased spread of HIV.

This study listens to the contributions of recent graduates from the University of Victoria’s Bachelor of Engineering Program, hearing their understanding of ethics and equity, and how they experienced learning this in the program. This is done with consideration of how their understanding and experiences might inform curricular and pedagogical improvements in the experience of learning ethics and equity. Using a case study of these participants and their experiences at the University of Victoria, this research takes into account the context of engineering education accreditation standards and the current state of the curriculum that the participants completed. The findings suggest that participants have a limited understanding of what ethics and equity means, both personally and professionally. Participants also found it difficult to recall learning occasions for ethics and equity. Recommendations are made for curricular reform, taking an integrated and across the discipline approach to teaching ethics and equity to undergraduate engineers. / Graduate

The thesis considers the rôle of the concept of attention in modern moral philosophy. In Part I of the thesis I argue that the structure of much modern moral philosophy neglects or distorts the issue of the attention the good man offers others as individuals, taking as examples the works of David Gauthier, Charles Fried and Bernard Williams. In Part II I turn to the study of affection and of love for an alternative account of the attention we should offer others, and the place of such an attention within a good life. I first consider two theological studies of the loves of Eros, Agape and Philia; that of M.C.D’Arcy, and that of Aelred of Rieveaulx as amplified by Andrew Sullivan. I then progress to an account of compassion and of friendship seen outside of any theological context. I argue that the attention to others found in certain forms of love gives us an altered sense of the other as an individual, and indeed an altered sense of self. I argue that this changed sense of self and other conditions our wider moral understanding, including our sense of what we owe to others outside of relations of compassion and friendship.

“An American Philosophy of Punishment: Moral Permissibility, the Inferiorities of Punishment, and a Case for Pure Restitution” is an examination of the paradigm of criminal punishment currently implemented in the United States and the inherent flaws of ‘punishment’ as a system of justice. The characteristics of punishment are evaluated from a perspective, “punishment by necessity,” which attempts to justify criminal punishment for a lack of viable alternatives. David Boonin, in his book, The Problem of Punishment, offers a robust alternative paradigm of criminal justice- ‘pure restitution’. Boonin advances two arguments: (1) ‘pure restitution’ is capable of replacing punishment as a paradigm of criminal justice and (2) restitution should replace punishment because punishment is morally impermissible. This paper considers two of the most notorious objections to Barnett’s pure restitution, the “irreparable harms” and “third party victims” objections, as well as the moral status of punishment. The “irreparable harms” objection claims that the inability of restitution to entirely repair victims in crimes against the person indicates that restitution cannot offer any remedy, and that this inability is unacceptable. This objection fails to recognize the possibility for partial reparations, nor that punishment is equally incapable of wholly repairing the victims of these crimes. The “third party victims” objection claims that by compelling the offender to make restitution to the victim, the state is harming individuals in proximity to the offender, but the state is prohibited from harming individuals. This objection fails to consider the critical distinction of intent and culpability; the state does not intend to harm third parties by exacting restitution, but does so as a foreseeable consequence, whereas the offender caused an intentional harm, and thus carries a higher degree of blameworthiness. Additionally, the present implementation of restitution is considered by considering the relevant legal precedent, the Constitutional situation of restitution, and a hypothetical implementation scenario, which highlights the potential for “crime insurance/ tax”, and the other practical implications of implementing restitution.

The opioid epidemic is a public health crisis. How the crisis developed, how to mitigate its effects, and how to prevent it from spreading is less transparent. The practice of pain management poses a myriad of ethical challenges. The following essay will examine ethical dilemmas that arise during the decision-making process with regards to pain management in the context of addiction after a brief history of pain management and discussion of the corresponding legal and medical regulations.

As the science related to genetic engineering becomes more advanced, more and more ethical questions relating to technologies such as CRISPR and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) arise. If we have the opportunity to choose the genes of our future children in order have children with our desired characteristics, should we do so? Is it okay to mess with some genes of your future child and not others? In this paper, I discuss arguments and objections associated with these questions. The aim of this paper is to show that it is ethical to alter the DNA of your future child or select a specific child only when you are attempting to improve the health of that child.