Food is fundamental for humans to survive and vital for development. Food security is a major issue and sustaining it is a challenge for the countries of the world. With climate change and other environmental andsocial factors greatly influencing the current chances for world food security, it is of prime importance for countries to work towards achieving it. A major part of the poor and vulnerable section of people lives in the developing and poor countries with rampant food insecurity issues. To achieve the UN‟s Millennium Development goal of halving hunger by 2015, food security measures are implemented in poor and developing countries with the help of world organizations to alleviate poverty and hunger. This paper studies the situation in India, where poverty and hunger is a major block for the development progress. India has proven its authority in various fields with a fast developing economy. On the other hand, poverty and hunger prevail among almost half of the country‟s people. The country has taken various measures to attain food security and curb hunger among the poor. The major welfare measure in the country is the food distribution schemes implemented by the government. The performance among different states in the country varies due to various factors. The performances of the country as a whole and of the southern state of Tamil Nadu are taken into consideration for this paper. The paper will deal with the performance and related issues such as policies, administration, operations and social influences on the food distribution system in a comparison between Tamil Nadu and the rest of the country. Based on the official records on procurement and distribution of food grains as well as on literature studies on the food security situation in India and Tamil Nadu state, this paper suggests that there is a need to modify the mechanisms that constitute the distribution system, which can be learnt from Tamil Nadu state where the performance is better than the average for India as a whole. Even though Tamil Nadu faces similar problems asother States, the better performance of Tamil Nadu does not affect the food distribution system in the country. At the national level, the situation is worse with magnified problems of performance affecting the food distribution system.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 2001. / A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, February, 2001. Bibliography : leaves 296-314.

Thesis (M.A.)--Catholic Theological Union at Chicago, 1998. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-237).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-212). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Black women formed the first welfare rights organization in Atlanta composed of recipients and continued anti-poverty organizing for decades. Their strategy adapted to the political climate, including the ebb and flow of social movements. This thesis explores how and why that strategy changed as well as how the experiences of the women involved altered ideas of activism and movements.

Concern that youth do not have enough fruit and vegetable intake lead to two strategies implemented to influence intake in the school environment: the Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) and Fighting with Food: Battling Chemical Toxicity with Good Nutrition program (FF), which could influence phytochemical content and knowledge regarding phytochemicals, respectively. Individual food logs (n=468) were assessed upon completion of FF curriculum to determine whether students were able to correctly apply their nutrition knowledge regarding FF. Menus from one district were analyzed pre-HHFKA and post-HHFKA in elementary (n=156), middle (n=171), and high schools (n=171), for change in the frequency of fruit and vegetables, and for changes in select phytochemical and vitamin content. In food logs, students correctly identified fighting foods 71% of the time. School menus showed an increase in dark green, red/orange vegetables, with significant increases in carotenoid and flavonol content. Results suggest students are applying their nutrition knowledge. Also, more variety of fruit and vegetables are being offered, despite lack of a robust increase in all phytochemicals, which can help to lower inflammation and oxidative stress. Both strategies have the potential to work together as a multi-level intervention that can encourage more fruit and vegetable consumption among youth.

abstract: Drawing from Foucault's notion of heterotopias, my dissertation identifies and examines three distinct but related events that resignified (re-imagined) Chile during 2010, the year of its Bicentenary, namely: the Rescue of the 33 Miners trapped in the San José mine, the Chilean Military Parade performed in celebration of Chilean Independence, and the Mapuche Hunger Strike of 32 indigenous people accused of terrorism by the Chilean State. My central hypothesis states that these three events constitute heterotopias with strong performative components that, by enacting a utopian and a dystopian nation, denounce the flaws of Chilean society. I understand heterotopias as those recursive systems that invert, perfect or contest the society they mirror. In other words: heterotopias are discursive constructions and material manifestations of social relations that dispute, support, or distort cultural assumptions, structures, and practices currently operating in the representational spaces of a given society. In addition to following the six heterotopological principles formulated by Foucault, these case studies have performance as the central constituent that defines their specificity and brings the heterotopias into existence. Due to the performative nature of these heterotopias, I have come to call them performance heterotopias, that is, sets of behaviors that enact utopias in the historical world, the place in which we live, the site in which "the erosion of our lives, our time and our history occurs," as Foucault puts it. Here, performance would act as the interface, the point of interaction, and suture between the conceived, the perceived and the representational spaces each heterotopia articulates. Thus, a performance heterotopia would be a particular type of heterotopia which is enacted through performance. A relevant aspect that emerged from my research is that heterotopic places not only mirror, contest, and compensate their own host society, but also refer to, and intersect with other contemporaneous heterotopias enacted in that society. In my conclusion I suggest that such interactions also happen between heterotopias that emerge in different countries and cultures. If so, the mapping of utopias enacted in the macro socio geographies of Latin American countries could offer new perspectives to understand the sociopolitical processes that are underway in the region. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Theatre 2011

Submitted by Gustavo Gomes (gustavolascasas@gmail.com) on 2013-11-07T11:32:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar nos domic??lios.pdf: 453617 bytes, checksum: 2da269b208826108d4cdf8c027050d31 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Roger Guedes (roger.guedes@fjp.mg.gov.br) on 2013-11-08T16:34:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar nos domic??lios.pdf: 453617 bytes, checksum: 2da269b208826108d4cdf8c027050d31 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-08T16:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar nos domic??lios.pdf: 453617 bytes, checksum: 2da269b208826108d4cdf8c027050d31 (MD5) license_rdf: 23599 bytes, checksum: 9e2b7f6edbd693264102b96ece20428a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Funda????o Jo??o Pinheiro / Inseguran??a alimentar pode ser definida como a limita????o ou a incerteza de se ter acesso a alimentos adequados, em qualidade e quantidade suficientes, sem que essa restri????o possa, necessariamente, afetar as condi????es biol??gicas dos indiv??duos. Neste trabalho, o objetivo central ?? investigar quais os principais fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar e ?? inseguran??a alimentar com fome, tendo como universo de an??lise a Regi??o Nordeste. Os dados utilizados foram provenientes da PNAD 2004, representativos de uma popula????o composta de 12.531.052 domic??lios. Utilizou-se a regress??o log??stica de resposta bin??ria para avaliar os fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar e ?? inseguran??a alimentar com fome. Todas as an??lises foram estratificadas por situa????o censit??ria (rural/urbano). Observou-se, conforme esperado, que a renda domiciliar esteve fortemente associada ?? inseguran??a alimentar e ?? inseguran??a alimentar com fome nos domic??lios da Regi??o Nordeste, independentemente da situa????o censit??ria. Quanto menor a renda, maior a chance de inseguran??a alimentar e de inseguran??a alimentar com fome. Para os domic??lios urbanos a gama de fatores associados ?? inseguran??a alimentar e ?? inseguran??a alimentar com fome s??o em maior n??mero, abrangendo tanto as caracter??sticas do domic??lio, como as da pessoa de refer??ncia. J?? no rural, predominam os fatores diretamente associados ao acesso, preparo e conserva????o dos alimentos (esta ??ltima vari??vel ??? descrita pela presen??a de geladeira ??? apenas para a inseguran??a alimentar). Um resultado que merece ser ressaltado ?? a contribui????o positiva da presen??a de crian??as e adolescentes para que o domic??lio n??o esteja em inseguran??a alimentar com fome, o que pode estar associado a um maior direcionamento dos recursos dispon??veis para garantir as necessidades alimentares dos membros do domic??lio. / Food insecurity is the limitation or uncertainty of having access to adequate food in sufficient quantity and quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the main factors that were associated with food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger. The analyses were done for the Northeast, Brazil. Data used were from PNAD 2004, representing a population of 12,531,052 households. Logistic regressions of binary response were used in order to evaluate factors associated with food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger. All analyses were stratified by rural/urban situation. Household income was highly and strongly associated with food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger in households in the Northeast, regardless of the rural/urban situation. The lower the income the higher the odds of food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger. For urban households, a higher number of factors (related both to the characteristics of the household and the person in charge of the household) were associated with food insecurity and food insecurity with hunger as compared to urban households. In rural areas, factors directly associated with access, preparation and storage of food revealed significance. A result to be emphasized is that there was a negative association between the presence of children and adolescents and food insecurity with hunger. This finding can be related to the increased targeting of available resources to ensure that the household members could have enough to eat. / Pessoa, fam??lia e sociedade

A presente pesquisa problematiza relações entre o problema da fome e a questão ambiental. Tem por objetivo tencionar as relações entre as dimensões do social e do natural na obra de Josué de Castro como uma amálgama para pensar a problemática da fome tangenciando seus vínculos com a problemática ambiental, demonstrando que a obra do autor expressa uma crescente preocupação ambiental. Além disso, visa evidenciar a trajetória do autor nos estudos da fome, mostrando o que fome e questão ambiental possuem em comum, para pensar a emancipação humana de ambos os problemas. O trabalho consiste em um estudo da produção intelectual de Josué de Castro, o que se faz recorrendo à pesquisa bibliográfica em sua possibilidade de leitura, análise e interpretação de produções escritas que permitem qualitativamente o conhecimento de fenômenos sociais. Estudando a obra de Josué de Castro busca-se fazer emergir a conexão entre sociedade e natureza, marcada pela forma de produzir a vida. Dessa forma, abre-se a possibilidade para projetar a emancipação social das limitações e/ou impossibilidades impostas às potencialidades da natureza, da qual o homem faz parte. Assim, tornando indissociáveis os problemas da destruição da natureza e da fome, em síntese, a questão ambiental. / This research discusses the relation between the problem of hunger and the environmental issues. It aims to create a tension in the relations between the social and the natural dimensions in Josué de Castro‟s work as an amalgam in order to think about the problem of hunger related to the environmental issues, which reveals a growing environmental concern in the author's work. It also seeks to highlight the author‟s studies on hungry, showing what hunger and environmental issues have in common and thinking about human emancipation from both problems. The work consists on a study on Josué Castro‟s intellectual production using literature research and the possible interpretations and analyses of his written production with the goal of building a qualitative understanding on social phenomena. The study of Josué de Castro‟s work seeks to bring out the connection between society and nature, marked by the way that life is produced. Thus, it is possible to design the social emancipation of the limitations and – or impossibilities imposed to the potential of nature of which man is part. Therefore, the problems of the destruction of nature and hunger become inseparable which reveals in summary the environmental issue.