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This thesis was done in the professional project format. It was completed as a deliverable to the City of Lake Charles, Louisiana. It was developed in accordance with the State of Louisiana Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan. A bicycle and pedestrian master plan is a document meant to serve as a guide to staff and decision-makers on how to best develop future bicycle and pedestrian improvements. It is a comprehensive document that identifies and prioritizes new projects for sidewalks, bicycle facilities, and off-street paths. It accomplishes this by following these steps: 1. Identify existing bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. 2. Provide a “on the ground” survey of conditions of existing infrastructure. 3. Conduct public input sessions to gather information regarding necessary projects. 4. Apply four criteria (Attractors, Generators, Connectivity, and Affordability) to rank the priority of each project. 5. Identify likely funding sources for each project. 6. Suggest steps for plan implementation and next steps. 7. Present findings to public and elected officials. Following these steps, a complete bicycle and pedestrian master plan was developed. A total of 149 sidewalk projects, 40 bicycle network projects, and five off-street multi-use paths were identified and prioritized. The identification of these projects will serve to assist in their inclusion to the City’s and regional planning bodies transportation improvement plan (TIP).

ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF THE DISCIPLESHIP STRATEGY OF ROBERT EMERSON COLEMAN John Thomas Green IV, Ph. D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2012 Chair: Dr. Charles E. Lawless, Jr. This dissertation examines the discipleship strategy of Robert Emerson Coleman. Chapter 1 introduces the ministry and work of Robert Coleman. The chapter also discusses the call to discipleship given by Jesus Christ in the Great Commission and the need for the local church to effectively disciple its members. Chapter 2 presents a biography of Coleman. This chapter highlights his conversion and call to ministry. It also includes details of his ministry as a pastor, professor, and author. Chapter 3 provides an historical analysis of Coleman's discipleship strategy. This chapter notes influences upon Coleman's strategy, including the work of John Wesley. It also describes the historical context in which Coleman's strategy was developed, particularly the states of the evangelical church and the Methodist church. Chapter 4 addresses Coleman's practice of discipleship in his ministry. The chapter includes insight into Coleman's personal discipleship, as well as, his discipleship of his family, churches that he has pastored, and students that he led while teaching. Chapter 5 offers a biblical analysis of Coleman's discipleship strategy, dissecting Scripture used by Coleman to support his principles of discipleship outlined in The Master Plan of Evangelism. The chapter also notes several other works by Coleman to show how he consistently communicated his discipleship strategy. The conclusion offers application of Coleman's strategy in the North American church. Positive contributions of Coleman's work for discipleship in the local church are enumerated. Challenges to implementing his strategy are also shared. This work contends that Coleman has provided a biblical and effective model for discipleship in The Master Plan of Evangelism. His strategy is faithful to the model of Christ with His disciples. Coleman's work provides helpful contributions to discipleship in the local church though it has its challenges in implementation. Although Coleman's discipleship ministry has been conducted largely outside of the local church, his strategy can and should be used in the local church for discipleship.

A ocorrência da poluição luminosa foi detectada a partir de 1970 pela redução da visibilidade dos corpos celestes no período noturno, sendo posteriormente associada a implicações negativas relacionadas à fauna, à flora e aos indivíduos. É definida como os efeitos nocivos causados pela iluminação elétrica inadequada, sendo a iluminação pública responsável por grande parte do problema. Em Porto Alegre o fenômeno é confirmado por imagens de satélites que medem o brilho artificial do céu noturno e apontam níveis máximos na região central da cidade. Situação essa que pode ter sido agravada por grandes projetos de modificação da iluminação pública, desenvolvidos desde 2013, para aumentar o número de luminárias e iluminâncias na cidade. Inciativas que não estão previstas no Plano Diretor de Iluminação Pública da cidade, embora esse seja um instrumento que deveria orientar a implantação do sistema e, que tem entre seus objetivos combater a poluição luminosa. Neste contexto, investigou-se como a iluminação pública do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre pode estar contribuindo para a poluição luminosa, considerando as legislações vigentes e práticas de projeto. Essa investigação foi feita por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de revisão da literatura, pesquisa documental em Planos Diretores de Iluminação, no contexto nacional e internacional, e estudo de campo no Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre. Os resultados apontaram que na área de estudo o problema está relacionado principalmente à temperatura de cor do sistema empregado e à fotometria das luminárias que provocam iluminação intrusiva, ofuscamento e brilho do céu, que são componentes da poluição luminosa. / Light pollution has been detected since 1970 due to the reduction of visibility of celestial bodies, it was associated to the consequences to the fauna, flora and human beings. It is conceptualized as the harmful effects given by electric lighting. Public lighting is responsible for the biggest part of the problem. In Porto Alegre the phenomenon is confirmed by satellite images that measure sky glow and shows the highest levels in downtown area. The situation could be intensified due to large projects of public lighting remodeling have been developed since 2013, in order to increase the number of light fixtures and the illuminances in the city. These initiatives haven´t been on Porto Alegre´s Public Lighting Master Plan, although it is a document that could guide the implantation of the system and help to fight against light pollution. With this, to propose research of how the public lighting of Porto Alegre´s historic downtown can contribute to lighting pollution, considering the currents laws and project actions. This study was organized through a qualitative research, developed from a literature review, documental research at Urban Lighting Master Plans, from international cities as well as in Brazil, and field study in Porto Alegre´s downtown area. The results show that the main cause of lighting polluion is related to lighting fixtures´ high color temperature and the equipment that allows the up light emission, causing light trespass, glare and sky glow.

A well-functioning property system is a criterion for a country to have good opportunities in social development. This study looks into one of the development opportunities in Rwanda’s real estate system, especially the provision and the updating of the country’s management in the land use process. The problems in Rwanda are described as a combination of lack of communication and knowledge from the authorities and the population. The methods in this study conducted of a qualitative interview combined with a literature review. This in order to gain the fact needed to answer the research questions of this study were the aim was to find some difference between the Master Plan and the physical reality and suggestions in how to establish effective and efficient land use in Rwanda. At first the study aimed to perform a comparative analysis but while performing the methods it was showed that the comparison method was impossible to go through with, instead the study got depended on a literature review along with interviews to be able to answer the research questions of the study. The results from the methods are presented in two steps, first the results from the interviews and then is the results from the literature review presented. The different interviews gave similar results in four main categories which made the conclusion obvious. The land use planning law needs to be reviewed and that the Ministry of Lands and Forestry have a lack of concrete tolls and power to prevent illegal land use.

Diante das transformações sociais, que exigem cada vez mais dos juristas um dinamismo, o ordenamento jurídico interno viu-se na necessidade de implementar novos mecanismos processuais que objetivassem defender e garantir o direito de agir dos já garantidos pelo artigo 5º, inciso XXXV da Constituição Federal de 1988, assegurando a possibilidade de submeter à apreciação do Poder Judiciário toda e qualquer lesão ou ameaça ao meio ambiente histórico cultural, em face do que estabelecem os artigos 225, 215 e 216 da Constituição Federal. Entretanto, embora esses mecanismos representem um grande avanço para o ordenamento jurídico pátrio, há a necessidade de outras alternativas que visem ampliar o acesso à Justiça em defesa da proteção ao patrimônio histórico dos municípios, de maneira cada vez mais eficiente e democrática. É uma realidade a desafiar os profissionais jurídicos. Abordar, no plano diretor dos municípios, a tutela a um meio ambiente cultural bem como sua valoração, até então, não reconhecidos por atos do Poder Executivo ou do Poder Legislativo, descrevendo quem deve ser o responsável pela preservação bem como se a legislação existente assegura a preservação do patrimônio histórico cultural dos municípios, apresenta-se como um desafio. Ou seja, urge, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, uma nova forma de interpretar e aplicar uma tutela ao meio ambiente histórico cultural municipal, bem como a busca de outros instrumentos como o Código de Obras, o Código de Posturas, o Código Tributário, a Lei do Parcelamento do Solo a fim de garantir-lhes uma proteção mais efetiva. Esta segurança de proteção visando a não deixar cair no esquecimento a história de um povo bem como a dissipação da memória da geração anterior deve ocorrer, principalmente, a nível local, por meio de determinações nos planos diretores dos municípios sendo, portanto, uma função pública. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-22T12:55:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana Chilanti Tonial.pdf: 782543 bytes, checksum: 3ca77fdaf1665630ff32684690d6aa60 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-22T12:55:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Juliana Chilanti Tonial.pdf: 782543 bytes, checksum: 3ca77fdaf1665630ff32684690d6aa60 (MD5) / Given the social transformations that increasingly require the operator of a dynamic law, the domestic legal system found itself in the need to implement new procedural mechanisms which aimed to defend and guarantee the right to act those already guaranteed by Article 5, the XXXV CF/88, ensuring the possibility to submit to the Judiciary any injury or threat to the environment cultural history, in the face of what lay Articles 225, 215 and 216 of the Federal Constitution. However, although these mechanisms represents a major breakthrough for the legal parental rights, there is a need for other alternatives aimed at increasing access to justice in defense of protecting the heritage of the municipalities, of ever more efficient and democratic. It's a really challenging legal professionals. Approach, in the master plan of the municipalities, the guardianship to a cultural environment as well as its valuation hitherto unrecognized by acts of the Executive or the Legislature, describing who should be responsible for the preservation and the existing legislation ensures the preservation of the cultural heritage of the municipalities, presents itself as a challenge. That is, it is urgent, the Brazilian legal system, a new way to interpret and apply a protection to the environment historic cultural city, as well as search for other instruments such as building codes, the Code of postures, the Tax Code, Law the Installment Land in order to guarantee more effective protection. This security protection in order not to let fall by the wayside the story of a people as well as the dissipation of the memory of the previous generation should occur mainly at the local level, by determining the master plans of the cities and is therefore a public function .

A ocorrência da poluição luminosa foi detectada a partir de 1970 pela redução da visibilidade dos corpos celestes no período noturno, sendo posteriormente associada a implicações negativas relacionadas à fauna, à flora e aos indivíduos. É definida como os efeitos nocivos causados pela iluminação elétrica inadequada, sendo a iluminação pública responsável por grande parte do problema. Em Porto Alegre o fenômeno é confirmado por imagens de satélites que medem o brilho artificial do céu noturno e apontam níveis máximos na região central da cidade. Situação essa que pode ter sido agravada por grandes projetos de modificação da iluminação pública, desenvolvidos desde 2013, para aumentar o número de luminárias e iluminâncias na cidade. Inciativas que não estão previstas no Plano Diretor de Iluminação Pública da cidade, embora esse seja um instrumento que deveria orientar a implantação do sistema e, que tem entre seus objetivos combater a poluição luminosa. Neste contexto, investigou-se como a iluminação pública do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre pode estar contribuindo para a poluição luminosa, considerando as legislações vigentes e práticas de projeto. Essa investigação foi feita por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de revisão da literatura, pesquisa documental em Planos Diretores de Iluminação, no contexto nacional e internacional, e estudo de campo no Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre. Os resultados apontaram que na área de estudo o problema está relacionado principalmente à temperatura de cor do sistema empregado e à fotometria das luminárias que provocam iluminação intrusiva, ofuscamento e brilho do céu, que são componentes da poluição luminosa. / Light pollution has been detected since 1970 due to the reduction of visibility of celestial bodies, it was associated to the consequences to the fauna, flora and human beings. It is conceptualized as the harmful effects given by electric lighting. Public lighting is responsible for the biggest part of the problem. In Porto Alegre the phenomenon is confirmed by satellite images that measure sky glow and shows the highest levels in downtown area. The situation could be intensified due to large projects of public lighting remodeling have been developed since 2013, in order to increase the number of light fixtures and the illuminances in the city. These initiatives haven´t been on Porto Alegre´s Public Lighting Master Plan, although it is a document that could guide the implantation of the system and help to fight against light pollution. With this, to propose research of how the public lighting of Porto Alegre´s historic downtown can contribute to lighting pollution, considering the currents laws and project actions. This study was organized through a qualitative research, developed from a literature review, documental research at Urban Lighting Master Plans, from international cities as well as in Brazil, and field study in Porto Alegre´s downtown area. The results show that the main cause of lighting polluion is related to lighting fixtures´ high color temperature and the equipment that allows the up light emission, causing light trespass, glare and sky glow.

Diante das transformações sociais, que exigem cada vez mais dos juristas um dinamismo, o ordenamento jurídico interno viu-se na necessidade de implementar novos mecanismos processuais que objetivassem defender e garantir o direito de agir dos já garantidos pelo artigo 5º, inciso XXXV da Constituição Federal de 1988, assegurando a possibilidade de submeter à apreciação do Poder Judiciário toda e qualquer lesão ou ameaça ao meio ambiente histórico cultural, em face do que estabelecem os artigos 225, 215 e 216 da Constituição Federal. Entretanto, embora esses mecanismos representem um grande avanço para o ordenamento jurídico pátrio, há a necessidade de outras alternativas que visem ampliar o acesso à Justiça em defesa da proteção ao patrimônio histórico dos municípios, de maneira cada vez mais eficiente e democrática. É uma realidade a desafiar os profissionais jurídicos. Abordar, no plano diretor dos municípios, a tutela a um meio ambiente cultural bem como sua valoração, até então, não reconhecidos por atos do Poder Executivo ou do Poder Legislativo, descrevendo quem deve ser o responsável pela preservação bem como se a legislação existente assegura a preservação do patrimônio histórico cultural dos municípios, apresenta-se como um desafio. Ou seja, urge, no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, uma nova forma de interpretar e aplicar uma tutela ao meio ambiente histórico cultural municipal, bem como a busca de outros instrumentos como o Código de Obras, o Código de Posturas, o Código Tributário, a Lei do Parcelamento do Solo a fim de garantir-lhes uma proteção mais efetiva. Esta segurança de proteção visando a não deixar cair no esquecimento a história de um povo bem como a dissipação da memória da geração anterior deve ocorrer, principalmente, a nível local, por meio de determinações nos planos diretores dos municípios sendo, portanto, uma função pública. / Given the social transformations that increasingly require the operator of a dynamic law, the domestic legal system found itself in the need to implement new procedural mechanisms which aimed to defend and guarantee the right to act those already guaranteed by Article 5, the XXXV CF/88, ensuring the possibility to submit to the Judiciary any injury or threat to the environment cultural history, in the face of what lay Articles 225, 215 and 216 of the Federal Constitution. However, although these mechanisms represents a major breakthrough for the legal parental rights, there is a need for other alternatives aimed at increasing access to justice in defense of protecting the heritage of the municipalities, of ever more efficient and democratic. It's a really challenging legal professionals. Approach, in the master plan of the municipalities, the guardianship to a cultural environment as well as its valuation hitherto unrecognized by acts of the Executive or the Legislature, describing who should be responsible for the preservation and the existing legislation ensures the preservation of the cultural heritage of the municipalities, presents itself as a challenge. That is, it is urgent, the Brazilian legal system, a new way to interpret and apply a protection to the environment historic cultural city, as well as search for other instruments such as building codes, the Code of postures, the Tax Code, Law the Installment Land in order to guarantee more effective protection. This security protection in order not to let fall by the wayside the story of a people as well as the dissipation of the memory of the previous generation should occur mainly at the local level, by determining the master plans of the cities and is therefore a public function .

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Sheri L. Smith / In 1998, the City of Manhattan, Kansas and Kansas State University jointly developed a City of Manhattan Bicycle Master Plan. This plan created a vision for bicycling in the community, established goals and designated streets to be improved with bicycle facilities. The Master Plan also developed recommendations to incorporate bicycle facility planning into the growth of Manhattan. This plan created a solid political foundation that showed that bicycling matters in Manhattan, Kansas. However, the 1998 Bicycle Master Plan lacked specifics on how to incorporate these recommendations and routes into the existing and future street system. The 2008 Bicycle Master Plan Update attempts to address the shortcomings of the 1998 Master Plan and incorporate the growth and expansion of the City since 1998. The initial step of the Bicycle Master Plan Update was to calculate a Bicycle Safety Index. The Bicycle Safety Index was modeled after previous research conducted on the City of Manhattan, where street and land use attributes, such as road surface materials, street width, traffic volume, presence of angled-parking and traffic speeds were weighted and calculated in a spatial environment using GIS software. The result was a rating of all streets in Manhattan based on their suitability for safe bicycle travels. Using the results of the Bicycle Safety Index, specific routes were developed based on their proximity to bicycle destinations, such as commercial areas, schools and parks. Routes were created by using ESRI's Network Analyst software. Routes proposed by the software were evaluated by a windshield and handlebar survey to ultimately determine the appropriateness of each route. Following the determination of the proposed routes, specific facility recommendations for each street segment were proposed based on the traffic volume, vehicle speeds, street widths and the geometry of the segment. General recommendations and funding options were created to assist in the advancement of the goals and objectives originally initiated in the 1998 Master Plan. The result is a Master Plan that can be used by City Planners to incorporate bicycle transportation into the City and a map for bicyclist to travel from one place to another in the City safely.

A ocorrência da poluição luminosa foi detectada a partir de 1970 pela redução da visibilidade dos corpos celestes no período noturno, sendo posteriormente associada a implicações negativas relacionadas à fauna, à flora e aos indivíduos. É definida como os efeitos nocivos causados pela iluminação elétrica inadequada, sendo a iluminação pública responsável por grande parte do problema. Em Porto Alegre o fenômeno é confirmado por imagens de satélites que medem o brilho artificial do céu noturno e apontam níveis máximos na região central da cidade. Situação essa que pode ter sido agravada por grandes projetos de modificação da iluminação pública, desenvolvidos desde 2013, para aumentar o número de luminárias e iluminâncias na cidade. Inciativas que não estão previstas no Plano Diretor de Iluminação Pública da cidade, embora esse seja um instrumento que deveria orientar a implantação do sistema e, que tem entre seus objetivos combater a poluição luminosa. Neste contexto, investigou-se como a iluminação pública do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre pode estar contribuindo para a poluição luminosa, considerando as legislações vigentes e práticas de projeto. Essa investigação foi feita por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida a partir de revisão da literatura, pesquisa documental em Planos Diretores de Iluminação, no contexto nacional e internacional, e estudo de campo no Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre. Os resultados apontaram que na área de estudo o problema está relacionado principalmente à temperatura de cor do sistema empregado e à fotometria das luminárias que provocam iluminação intrusiva, ofuscamento e brilho do céu, que são componentes da poluição luminosa. / Light pollution has been detected since 1970 due to the reduction of visibility of celestial bodies, it was associated to the consequences to the fauna, flora and human beings. It is conceptualized as the harmful effects given by electric lighting. Public lighting is responsible for the biggest part of the problem. In Porto Alegre the phenomenon is confirmed by satellite images that measure sky glow and shows the highest levels in downtown area. The situation could be intensified due to large projects of public lighting remodeling have been developed since 2013, in order to increase the number of light fixtures and the illuminances in the city. These initiatives haven´t been on Porto Alegre´s Public Lighting Master Plan, although it is a document that could guide the implantation of the system and help to fight against light pollution. With this, to propose research of how the public lighting of Porto Alegre´s historic downtown can contribute to lighting pollution, considering the currents laws and project actions. This study was organized through a qualitative research, developed from a literature review, documental research at Urban Lighting Master Plans, from international cities as well as in Brazil, and field study in Porto Alegre´s downtown area. The results show that the main cause of lighting polluion is related to lighting fixtures´ high color temperature and the equipment that allows the up light emission, causing light trespass, glare and sky glow.