The endangered Hawaiian monk seal has been undergoing dramatic population declines for several decades. These declines may be linked to food resources or environmental changes and this is reflected in the stable isotope analysis of the monk seals. The use of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios on Hawaiian monk seal bone collagen samples collected from 1912 through 2006 determined that changes within the environment and food web of the Hawaiian monk seal may be factors contributing to the decrease in the population. Over the ninety-four year period the overall δ15N of the monk seals was depleted by approximately 3‰ and the δ13C had minimal changes. Monk seals located within the northern extent of the NWHI exhibited the most dramatic changes in stable isotopes. From 1923 through 2006 the δ15N of the Hawaiian monk seals within this area was depleted nearly 6‰, while δ13C was enriched by 2‰. This significant depletion in δ15N, along with the enrichment within the δ13C for the northern NWHI could be caused by an increase in the primary productivity within the area, leading to a shorter food web. This inverse relationship within the northern NWHI could also be a representation of the monk seals foraging more on benthic rather than pelagic prey, or foraging inshore rather than offshore in this region. This northern region was in contrast to the Central and southern islands within the NWHI. The central NWHI seals had nominal change in their δ15N and δ13C from 1912 to 2006; whereas, the southern NWHI seals exhibited a 3.5‰ depletion in δ15N and a nearly 1‰ depletion in δ13C over the span from 1951 through 2006. Within the central NWHI the juvenile monk seals were more depleted in δ15N as compared to the adult monk seals, which could indicate a prey base change for these seals. Within the southern NWHI there was a significant difference within δ15N and δ13C over the decades of the study which could indicate a decrease in the regional productivity. The adult monk seals within the southern region also had an increase in δ15N which could be a indicator of starvation for the seals within this region. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes indicate modern monk seals (2000-2006) foraged on a number of different teleost, crustacean, eel, and cephalopod species, correlating to earlier and current studies being conducted on the food sources of the Hawaiian monk seal.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine how guilt and shame act as engines of social control in two Gothic narratives of the 1790s, how they tie into the terror and horror modes of the genre, and how they give rise to two distinct narrative models, one centered on punishment and the other on rehabilitation. The premise of the paper is that both Matthew G. Lewis's The Monk and Ann Radcliffe's The Italian harness radically different emotional responses, one that demands the punishment of the aberrant individual and the other that reveres the reformative power of domestic felicity. The purposes of both responses are to civilize readers and their respective representations of the Holy Office of the Inquisition are central to this process. I examine the role of the Inquisition in The Monk and contrast it with the depiction of the same institution in The Italian. Lewis's book subordinates the ecclesiastical world to the authority of the aristocracy and uses graphic scenes of torture to support conservative forms of social control based on shame. The Italian, on the other hand, depicted the Inquisition as a conspiratorial body that causes Radcliffe's protagonists, and by extension her readers, to question their complicity in oppressive systems of social control and look for alternative means to punishment. The result is a push toward rehabilitation that is socially progressive but questions the English Enlightenment's promotion of the carceral.

Le but de ce travail est de mener une enquête sur les principaux aspects du choro brésilien et sur l'approche compositionnelle du pianiste et compositeur américain Thelonious Monk afin de créer des pièces originales inspirées de l'hybridation de ces deux approches musicales. Le choro est un genre musical qui a beaucoup influencé la musique brésilienne depuis son apparition au XIXe siècle. Par ailleurs, l'énigmatique musique de Thelonious a contribué à la création et au développement du bebop jazz. Ces deux approches ont subi le processus d'hybridation musicale comme élément clé dans leurs consolidation et création au cours du temps. Pour mon projet, l'approche compositionnelle de Monk m'a inspiré en tant que source d'expérimentation pour restructurer le choro. De la même façon, les différents aspects du choro m'incitent à les utiliser comme des outils permettant la modification du style de Monk. Leurs façons de structurer la mélodie, l'harmonie et le rythme sont à la base de mes compositions. J'explore plus précisément le défi de mettre en interaction ces deux approches en développant un vocabulaire capable d'équilibrer leurs éléments, et ce à travers mes propres compositions. Par l'observation et l'analyse de ces éléments et structures, j'ajoute quelques considérations interprétatives dans le but de collaborer aussi à la performance. Ce projet retrace aussi les aspects historiques du choro et de Monk avec l'idée de faire mieux comprendre leurs origines et leurs processus de formation. Chaque composition présente une combinaison d'éléments structurels assez variés qui visent à une interaction et à une intégration équilibrées, stimulées par ma propre individualité artistique. Ce projet a pour ambition d'aider les musiciens dans leur interprétation musicale en encourageant la création. / The aim of this work is to investigate the main aspects of Brazilian choro and the compositional approach of American pianist and composer Thelonious Monk to create original pieces inspired by the hybridization of these two musical approaches. Choro is a musical genre that has greatly influenced Brazilian music since its appearance in the nineteenth century. In addition, the enigmatic music of Thelonious contributed to the creation and development of Bebop jazz. Both approaches have undergone the process of musical hybridization as a key element in their consolidation and creation over time. For my project, Monk's compositional approach inspired me as a source of experimentation to restructure the choro. In the same way, the different aspects of choro encourage me to use them as tools allowing the modification of Monk's style. Their ways of structuring melody, harmony and rhythm are at the base of my compositions. I explore more precisely the challenge of interacting these two approaches by developing a vocabulary able to balance their elements, and this through my own compositions. By observing and analyzing these elements and structures, I add some interpretative considerations in order to collaborate also on performance. This project also traces the historical aspects of Choro and Monk with the idea of making better understand their origins and their training processes. Each composition presents a combination of quite varied structural elements that aim at balanced interaction and integration, stimulated by my own artistic individuality. This project aims to help the musicians in their musical interpretation by encouraging the creation.

Christian monasticism originated in Egypt and then spread to the rest of the Christian church. Coptic monks made a significant contribution to Christian theology and spirituality through their distinctive approach to the life of faith. This study by a Coptic monk analysis Coptic missionary spirituality as it flowered in the fourth and fifth centuries. Chapter 2 introduces the three main types of Coptic monasticism and the key figures in each of the three types. Chapter 3 describes the centripetal dimension of their mission, indicating how they attracted a wide.variety of people to a committed Christian life through their holiness, simplicity and humility. Chapter 4 discusses their "outreaching" mission of love: their preaching in harmony with the culture of people, their concern for the poor and oppressed, their healing miracles and exorcisms, their defense of the Orthodox faith against heresy. Chapter 5 summaries the findings of the study and identifies priorities for further research. / Department of Christian Spiritual Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Status and distribution of the Mediterranean monk seal in the northeastern Mediterranean were studied between October 2003 and December 2005. In total, 7 research cruises and 8 research visits were carried out to the region in the study period. The study was generally focused on two regions. First region was mainly around the Cilicia basin in the northeastern Mediterranean where a known Mediterranean monk seal colony (the Cilician colony) inhabits. Second region was around the Gulf of iskenderun where the population status of the monk seals was unknown.In the northeastern Mediterranean, all monk seal caves especially those used for breeding have been checked for whelping and monitored during the study period. In total, 7 pups were found including one death pup in the study period. Observations of the breeding behavior of the species indicated that, whelping also takes place in 2 new caves in addition to the 39 caves already reported for the study area in the earlier studies. Increase in the number of breeding caves showed that the breeding sites of the species has been expanded within the last 5 years. The Cilician colony size was estimated as 30 individuals in 2005. Identification catalog for each individual in the Cilician colony was prepared. Finally, population viability analysis (PVA) for the Cilician monk seal colony was carried out by evaluating the vital parameters of the species, which have been collected since 1994. This analysis was carried out for both pre-conservation phase and the post-conservation phase. In post conservation phase, the survival and fecundity rate of the Cilician colony was found as 0.976 and 0.169 respectively whereas these values were estimated as 0.902 and 0.200 respectively in pre-conservation phase. It was found that there is a 26.9% risk that the monk seal colony abundance will fall below the existing level (30 individuals) at least once during the next 20 years and there is also 0.2% risk that the monk seal colony abundance will fall below 12 at least once during the next 20 years. The risk was found as 21.7% by evaluating the status of the colony in preconservation phase. It was the first PVA study for this species, in which all the parameters used in the analysis were based on the study population, instead of the congeneric Hawaiian Monk Seal. Prior to this study, although monk seals have been frequently sighted by local people in the region, status of the Mediterranean monk seals and presence of the suitable habitats for the species in the Gulf of iskenderun was unknown. Therefore, population status of the Mediterranean monk seal in the Gulf of iskenderun and suitable habitats were investigated. In total, 30 caves were discovered and 7 of them were classified suitable for the Mediterranean monk seal. In addition, a monk seal information network was established in the region in order to gain information about the species especially when the individuals are sighted (alive, injured or death). In total, 51 sighting reports were obtained from local people via the Mediterranean monk seal information network during the study period. Since there are sampling difficulties due to critical status of the Mediterranean monk seal, alternative sampling techniques were investigated in order to find answers to questions related to the monk seal colony inhabiting in the northeastern Mediterranean. For identification of the individuals, comparison of the individuals and monitoring the individuals, 3D model construction technique from photographs was tested as an alternative photoidentification technique for the Mediterranean monk seal. It was found that at least 100 reference points were needed to construct the 3D model of the monk seal.

Gothic literature has a tradition of dealing with dark subjects, themes and motifs, as well as depicting fear in different shapes and forms. Dani Cavallaro describes dark fiction in terms of the "aesthetic of the unwelcome". The philosopher Edmund Burke separates the beautiful from the sublime and writes that everything that is capable of producing a terror of pain and death is a source of the sublime. In her essay "On the Supernatural in Poetry", Ann Radcliffe draws a clear line between the concepts of terror and horror and distinguished them as fundamentally different. In this essay, I define the terms horror and terror by following up the research surrounding Radcliffes statement. I begin with the concept of terror that Burke and other writers define as an elevated and positive feeling, then move on to account for the discussion surrounding Matthew Lewis' novel The Monk. It was considered pornographic, lewd and outright dangerous in its obscenity with blatant depictions of violence, gore and sex. Since Radcliffe and Lewis were contemporary I reckon that it is profitable to explore this tension further in my essay. From Radcliffe and Lewis I find out how the concepts of terror and horror have developed with time and how modern theorists conceive this distinction.

Healthy coral reefs have become increasingly rare, and their continuous degradation has serious implications for loss of marine biodiversity. There is an urgent need to assess the strength of top-down versus bottom-up effects on reef communities, to better understand how food web alterations can change the structure and function of these vulnerable marine systems. In this study, I used fatty acid (FA) analysis to investigate the trophic and ecological relationships among potential key forage species of the critically endangered monk seal in the Hawaiian archipelago. A series of multivariate tests performed on groups of closely related and ecologically equivalent species of fishes and invertebrates using a restricted number of FAs revealed that FA differences among groups primarily reflected diet, but could also be related to habitat and ecology. The same groups were subsequently analysed using an alternate method in quantitative FA signature analysis (QFASA) simulations, which allowed for the effects of using various subsets of FAs to be evaluated. Overall, species groups were relatively well characterized using both methods. When present, overlap in FA composition principally occurred among groups with similar diet/ecology, and were more prominent at higher trophic levels. A last set of analyses which combined the multivariate and QFASA simulation methods revealed that despite taxonomical relatedness and similarities in trophic ecology, individual species of carnivorous fish could be reliably distinguished using FAs. Therefore, while increasing the number of FAs used in the analyses might be useful to refine the resolution of distinctions, using a restricted number of FAs can also result in reliable differentiation among species. My results suggested that despite tremendous diversity, finer scale variations in FA composition could be detected among groups, and among species which shared the same diet and trophic ecology. These findings have important implications for the study of food web interactions in the Hawaiian archipelago, as they provide the foundation for using the same species groups in diets estimations of monk seal, as well as other top predators in this ecosystem. Moreover, they provide a framework for using multiple approaches to link FA patterns to the foraging ecology of individual species.

Christian monasticism originated in Egypt and then spread to the rest of the Christian church. Coptic monks made a significant contribution to Christian theology and spirituality through their distinctive approach to the life of faith. This study by a Coptic monk analysis Coptic missionary spirituality as it flowered in the fourth and fifth centuries. Chapter 2 introduces the three main types of Coptic monasticism and the key figures in each of the three types. Chapter 3 describes the centripetal dimension of their mission, indicating how they attracted a wide.variety of people to a committed Christian life through their holiness, simplicity and humility. Chapter 4 discusses their "outreaching" mission of love: their preaching in harmony with the culture of people, their concern for the poor and oppressed, their healing miracles and exorcisms, their defense of the Orthodox faith against heresy. Chapter 5 summaries the findings of the study and identifies priorities for further research. / Department of Christian Spiritual Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jair de Almeida Junior.pdf: 1266913 bytes, checksum: 4bf57167a814ad35993487d0c1a7fe48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The Contestado War, 1912-1916, was a guerrilla war for lands between settlers and landowners. It was a phenomenon sparked by social causes, and feasible by religious reasons. At the beginning of 20th century, at the West of Santa Catarina state, monarchic ideas were predominant. Within the context of a recent Brazilian Republic proclaimed, politics started dividing an occupied land by subsistence farm workers. In addition, a railroad connecting São Paulo to Santa Maria, in Rio Grande do Sul state was been built by a north-American Brazil Railway Company. According to an agreement, the company obtained from the government the right to explore a strip of land 15 km wide on each side of the railroad. The concession guaranteed also the opening of a company to extract rich wood throughout Santa Catarina West. This means that subsistence farm workers were suddenly driven out from their lands. The name Contestado refers to an inland region contested by the States of Paraná and Santa Catarina, prompting the spirits to war. Previous to this social caos, the Contestado received influence from three monks in the region. The first, João Maria de Agostini. He was a devout to Saint Anthony, who wandered as a healer and miracle performer. The second appeared right after João Maria, who also adopted the alias of João Maria, although his real name was Atanás Marcaf. He walked in the same path as his predecessor, but having his own nuances. Marcaf was seen as someone supporting the Federalist Revolution. The third monk, José Maria, self-proclaimed João Maria´s brother, attract to himself people's admiration and confidence. The first two ones preferred a nomad and lonely life, whereas the third had many followers and became even a military leader. José Maria was killed in combat, and his followers settle themselves politically and religiously. Soon their leadership became intimidation. As a result of visions the virgenato and the meninos-deus are established. They were groups who were receiving direction straight from José Maria. We can realize religious elements from Africa and from native Indians in this kind of messianic movement amidst the Contestado. Of course, all of these were blended within a popular Catholic Church environment. Generally speaking, this last group gave rise to an embrionary model of local animism and possession of spirits. Specifically, their contribution in the religious scenario was with rites, beliefs and ceremonies. A constant resistance from the subsistence farm workers brought over them a military intervention. Federal troops, supported by local cowboys, were sent to the region to crush the rebellion. Close to the end of the war the religious feeling started being supplanted by a kind of barbarian behavior. As a result the South of Brazil experiences a religious legacy of reverence to João Maria in the popular Catholicism of three South states. This legacy goes beyond, reaching the Kaingangs, a native American ethnic group, and even contemporary minority movements as MST. / A Guerra do Contestado, ocorrida entre 1912 a 1916, foi um fenômeno de causas sociais, viabilizado pelo religioso. No Oeste Catarinense do início do século XX, predominava a mentalidade monárquica. Com a Proclamação da República, os políticos lotearam a área, distribuindo terras ocupadas pelos campesinos àqueles de seu interesse. Soma-se a isso a construção da Estrada de Ferro São Paulo Rio Grande, assumida pela Brazil Railway. Segundo o contrato, tinha o direito de exploração da faixa de terra correspondente a 15 quilômetros marginais, em ambos os lados da ferrovia, por todo o seu trajeto, o que justificou a criação de uma madeireira para explorar a grande quantidade de madeiras nobres que cobria o Oeste Catarinense. Assim, mais campesinos se viram desalojados de suas terras. É chamado Contestado pois quase todo o Oeste Catarinense tornou-se área disputada por Paraná e Santa Catarina, instigando a belicosidade a já tumultuada sociedade sertaneja. Paralelamente ao caos social que ia se estabelecendo, surgiu o primeiro monge, João Maria de Agostini, um eremita devoto de Santo Antão, que foi tido como curandeiro e milagreiro. Perto de seu desaparecimento, surgiu o segundo monge, João Maria de Jesus, cujo nome verdadeiro era Atanás Marcaf. Trilha o caminho de seu antecessor, com algumas nuanças peculiares. É visto apoiando os revoltosos da Revolução Federalista. Por fim, o terceiro monge, José Maria, dizendo-se irmão de João Maria, teve liberdade para trabalhar seu personagem. Os dois João Maria preferiam o nomadismo e a solidão, enquanto o último monge admitiu seguidores e tornou-se líder militar. Morto em combate, o movimento organiza-se política e religiosamente. A liderança fundada no prestígio começa a dar lugar à coerção. Estabelece-se o virgenato e os meninos-deus , videntes que recebiam orientações diretas de José Maria. Percebem-se elementos da religiosidade negra e índia no messianismo Contestado, amalgamadas no catolicismo popular. Falando-se genericamente, influenciaram com o modelo de possessão e certa medida de animismo. Especificamente, contribuíram com algumas crenças, ritos e cerimônias. A resistência dos caboclos provocou reações cada vez mais enérgicas por parte do Exército Brasileiro, apoiado por vaqueanos contratados. À medida que o fim se aproximava, mais o religioso era substituído pelo barbarismo. Como legado religioso, nota-se a adoração de João Maria no catolicismo popular dos três estados sulistas e sua assimilação como um dos principais santos dos Kaingang. Mesmo o MST sofreu sua influência, podendo ser descrito como a causa Contestada secularizada.

Summary: The thesis focuses on a piece of work in the form of a monastic rule which considerably influenced the whole Christian world, significantly contributed to the formation of spirituality of monastic communities, shaped the European culture and has much to say even today. The rule derives its name from its author, St. Benedict of Nursia. Given the considerable impact of his work on shaping the subsequent history of monasticism, St. Benedict is rightly called the Father of Western Monasticism. The first part introduces the Rule of Saint Benedict (Regula Benedicti). It refers to the period of its creation when certain common foundations of monastic life existed but lacked any solid anchoring. Despite the existence of other monastic rules, the Rule of Saint Benedict became the leading one thanks to its clarity and brevity. The second part deals with the Rule of the Master (Regula Magistri), an anonymous collection of monastic precepts which played a significant role as a source material for the Rule of Saint Benedict. St. Benedict took a large number of rules from it while he edited some of the original rules and intentionally omitted others. He moderated the strict text of the Rule of the Master since he was aware of human weakness. He infused the precepts with love. The third part, the longest in its...