[pt] Esta dissertação investiga o processo de desenvolvimento de um serviço de vigilância noturna no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1885 e 1912. Durante tal época, marcada pela transição do Império para a República, a vida noturna da cidade sofreu mutações atreladas a sua expansão e maior ocupação do espaço urbano. O serviço policial de patrulhamento das guardas noturnas, pago por vizinhos e comerciantes, que com diferentes nomes se espalhou pelo mundo atlântico desde meados do século XVIII, foi estudado como parte integrante no desenvolvimento de polícias modernas em países na América do Sul e na Europa. Dialogando com a historiografia que as estuda, esta dissertação procura entender o lugar da guarda noturna carioca nesse processo ocorrido no Rio, a partir de fontes policiais, literárias e jornalísticas. Longe de ser analisada como conflitante ao processo de edificação do monopólio estatal da força pública, atenta-se para a compreensão da guarda noturna como parte constitutiva desse fenômeno no período republicano, das suas ambiguidades e disputas na construção cotidiana de autoridade. / [en] This dissertation explores the development process of night surveillance service in Rio de Janeiro between 1885 and 1912. During that time, marked by the transition from the Empire to the Republic, the nightlife of the city suffered from mutations due to its expansion and the increasing occupation of the urban space. The patrolling police service of the night watches, paid by neighbors and merchants, which spread throughout the Atlantic world with different names since the XVIII century, was studied as an integral part in the development of modern police forces in South American and European countries. In dialog with the historiography that studies them, this dissertation aims to understand the place of the carioca night watch in the process that took place in Rio, from the analysis of police archives, press and literature. Far from being analyzed as conflicting to the process of building the state monopoly of public security forces, this analysis is intended to comprehend the night watch as a constituent part of this phenomenon in the republican period, of its ambiguities and disputes around the daily construction of authority.

[pt] Esta tese investiga o processo de construção de serviços de policiamento pago na região portuária do Rio de Janeiro entre finais do século XIX e as primeiras décadas do XX. Analisa a história de dois tipos de guardas comerciais que operavam na cidade: a trajetória das guardas noturnas desde seu surgimento na década de 1880 e o ciclo de existência da Polícia do Cais do Porto até as tentativas de sua encampação na década de 1930. A partir do cruzamento de campos historiográficos distintos (história da polícia e das forças de segurança, história dos mundos do trabalho comercial e portuário, e história social da cidade), busca-se preencher uma lacuna no conhecimento histórico sobre a vigilância paga, a segurança como mercadoria e a heterogeneidade de formas de policiamento coexistentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro no período de formação de um sistema republicano de polícia. As perspectivas estado-cêntricas dos estudos policiais caracterizaram a emergência da polícia moderna como um processo marcado pela transferência de poderes coercitivos privados para o Estado e suas forças de segurança pública, que teria vigorado até o auge de empresas privadas de vigilância na virada do século XX para o XXI. Em diálogo com uma renovada historiografia internacional da segurança privada, esta tese procura situar as formas de policiamento pago no Rio de Janeiro como parte constitutiva do processo de emergência da polícia republicana, concebida como um esquema misto entre dimensões públicas e privadas de policiamento, interligadas entre si em uma zona de negociação que reuniu autoridades, comerciantes e trabalhadores da vigilância. Para isso, analisa um corpus de documentação policial, literária, jornalística e empresarial. Longe de serem analisadas como agências dissociadas da expansão do poder coercitivo estatal, lê-se as guardas comerciais enquanto parte de um espaço heterogêneo de exercício da coerção, com atenção para o caráter negociado de suas regulamentações, a fiscalização estatal de suas atividades cotidianas e as condições de trabalho dos seus empregados. / [en] This thesis investigates the process of the construction of paid police services inthe port region of Rio de Janeiro between the end of the 19th century and the first decadesof the 20th century. It analyzes the history of two types of paid guards that operated in thecity: the trajectory of the night guards from their emergence in the 1880s, and the lifecycle of the Cais do Porto Police until the state attempted to take it over in the 1930s. Bypulling together different historiographical fields (the history of the police and securityforces, the history of the commercial and port labor world, and the social history of thecity), the project aims to fill a gap in historical knowledge about paid surveillance,security as a commodity, and the heterogeneity of policing forms that coexisted in the cityof Rio de Janeiro during the formation of a republican police system. The state-centricperspectives of police studies have characterized the emergence of the modern police as a process marked by the transfer of private coercive powers to the state and itspublic security forces, which continued until the rise of private surveillance companiesat the turn of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In dialogue with a renewedinternational historiography of private security, this thesis posits that the forms of paidpolicing in Rio de Janeiro were a constitutive part of the process of the emergence of therepublican police. This research demonstrates how professional law enforcement in Rioat the turn of the twentieth century was conceived as a mixed scheme between public andprivate dimensions of policing, interconnected in a zone of negotiation that broughttogether authorities, traders and surveillance workers. To this end, it analyzes a corpus ofpolice, literary, journalistic, and economic documentation. Far from taking Rio’s privateguards as dissociated from the expansion of the state coercive power, this thesis analyzesthem as part of a heterogeneous space for the exercise of coercion, paying attention to thenegotiated nature of their regulations, the state supervision of their daily activities and theworking conditions of their employees.

It has always been important to study history. But what we can’t forget is that there’s more than one way of doing so. One of those is literature. In this thesis I will therefore study two contemporary historical novels: The Night Watch by Sarah Waters and The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead. The aim is to explore how they portray different kinds of historical experiences and how that may relate to questions that are relevant even in a contemporary context. Because both novels have an interestning relationship with time and space, I’m going to use the russian literary theorist Micheal Bachtins concept of the chronotope to explore how time and space operates and relate to eachother. In the end, this thesis also aims to show that literature can be a valuable object to study for those that are intererested in histiography.

The diploma thesis is concerned with the portrayal of the female experience with the Second World War in The Night Watch (2006) by contemporary British writer Sarah Waters. The theoretical part outlines the socio-historical background of the novel with particular attention to the female experience of the Second World War in various fields, such as their family lives, job opportunities, and everyday life during the Blitz. Special attention is also given to the description of the female experience with abortion during the war and the lifestyles of female homosexuals in that historical period. The thesis further presents the theoretical delimitation of the neo-historical genre, of which the novel is a representative, and briefly introduces the novel in the context of Sarah Waters's other works in order to establish the basis for the analysis. The practical part of the thesis relies on the theoretical part and examines how the fictional portrayal of the female experience corresponds with the outlined reality. Simultaneously, the work considers how Waters uses the Second World War in her fictional story and which elements she chooses to highlight. Moreover, it discusses the reasons behind emphasising these elements in the novel and how it corresponds to the neo-historical genre. KEYWORDS Sarah Waters;...