What explains the outcomes of ballot initiative contests? What factors determine the passage or rejection of an initiative? This paper describes and evaluates three approaches to explaining ballot initiative contest outcomes. The first approach involves using the expenditures of Yes and No campaigns as the causal factor in explaining why passage or defeat is the respective outcome of a given contest. The second explanatory approach emphasizes the logic of collective action problems. The third approach incorporates the larger constellation of policymaking institutions in which each ballot initiative process exists. Specifically, in what ways is the process shaped by the larger system of partisan attachments that structures electoral politics? This paper contains a set of three analyses which speak to each of the three respective explanatory approaches to explaining initiative contest outcomes. The results provide evidence of the importance of a contest's early competitive dynamic in determining the amount of resources made available for a campaign to spend. Left unaccounted for, this strategic financing of initiatives distorts estimates of the effectiveness of spending. The second analysis, inspired by insights into collective action problems, finds the initiative arena to be a policymaking site where there is a competitive advantage for broadly diffused interests, especially when they challenge other broad interests. Moreover, broad-based Yes groups achieved relatively high passage rates with relatively low levels of campaigns expenditures. Finally, the third analysis provides evidence of a consistently high level of correlation between Yes voting and alignment with a particular party. The lowest levels of correlation were still fairly high from a measured social science perspective. In many instances, county-level party attachment mapped almost seamlessly over initiative decision making. This suggests that ballot initiatives politics do not operate outside party politics, as has been suggested in the past.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of City and Regional Planning, 1961. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-178). / In examining the present status of water resource planning in the Pacific Northwest, numerous critical inadequacies become readily apparent. One method of minimizing some of these inadequacies is through administrative reorganization. Realizing this there have been many different reorganization proposals put forth. Along with these proposals has come much propaganda. In order to obtain a clearer picture comparative criteria were established. Upon doing this it was decided to limit the analysis to the compact, the authority and the inter-agency approaches. Upon applying the criteria to these three structures, the following conclusions were reached: 1) the compact would probably be worse than the existing setup, 2) the inter-agency committee has some value and not too many dangers, 3) the authority fulfills by far the most criteria but because of certain possible dangers should not be strived for, 4) that the criteria are useful in discovering which structures may be unacceptable but they do not tell which is the optimum one. Much is dependent upon the type of planners the structures attract. / by James Myron Bowers. / M.C.P.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Meteorology. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 119-122. / by Angel G. Cornejo Garrido. / M.S.

Sports clubs are a program ran through Pacific Recreation at the University of the Pacific. This study determines whether using services and facilities that Pacific Recreation offers has a statistically significant relationship with students joining or participating in sports clubs. METHOD: When a student comes into the Baun Fitness Center to work out, participate in a class, take part of personal training, or climb the rock tower, that student has to swipe into the facility and service of choice. The same process occurs for when a student wants to use external services like Intramural Sports and Informal Recreation. Quantitative data were pulled from Innosoft Fusion, software that Pacific Recreation utilizes to manage and track their facilities, programs, and services. 2,332 individual student datum were analyzed from the information received from Innosoft Fusion to measure student engagement from the Fall 2017 semester. RESULTS: The Baun Fitness Center and other external services were found to play a significant role with association with participation in sports clubs. Participation in Baun Fitness Center workouts, rock tower, informal recreation, tiger training, and intramural sports associates with participation in sports clubs. It was determined that for each additional individual that participates in these services or programs, there would be an increased chance of individuals to also participate in sports clubs. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that there are additional ways for sports clubs to advertise and promote their clubs for recruitment. Pacific Recreation’ marketing department can use the results from this study to analyze and plan additional marketing strategies that can use cross-promotion from the programs, services, and facilities Pacific Recreation has to offer. This study recommends multiple future research ideas for Pacific Recreation to take apart in to gain new insights on participation and marketing ideas from all of their programs.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND LINDGREN / Bibliography: leaves 269-280. / by Marjorie Styrt Goldfarb. / Ph.D.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1982. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 312-321. / by Anne Martine Tréhu. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND LINDGREN. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 203-209. / by Douglas Scott Luther. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1979. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 68-71. / by Sarah S. Huested. / M.S.