A dissertation submitted to the Faculty Of Education in fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master Of Education in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Studies at the University Of Zululand, 2018 / The teaching of English First Additional Language in South African schools, towards the development of learners’ writing skills, requires the employment of the process approach (DBE 2011: 10). The Department of Basic Education (DBE) clarifies that when learners write, they will need to use the writing process approach so as to produce coherent sentences without grammatical errors (2011: 36). The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the relative effectiveness of the process approach, product approach and the combination of these two approaches known as the process-product approach, in the development of English First Additional Language (FAL) writing skills in the Senior Phase. Three groups of Grade 8 and 9 English FAL learners, comprising of a sample of 186 learners from Quintile 3 schools in uMhlathuze Circuit Management under King Cetshwayo District were investigated so as to find out if they would develop good paragraph writing skills when exposed to several instructional interventions using any of the three approaches. The analysis of results is based on the Quasi-Experimental design which follows the pre-test-treatment-posttest model using the mixed methodology. It assumes the multi-method strategy as quan+QUAL (the lower case quan- explains the lower priority of the quantitative orientation). Consequently, the quantitative results are used to confirm the qualitative results. Findings of this study proved that when both the process and product approaches are combined and used recursively, and in a complementary manner as the process-product approach, they significantly yield higher results in developing the paragraph writing skills of English FAL learners in the Senior Phase than when each approach is used exclusively.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho, investigamos a questÃo do ensino da produÃÃo do texto escrito na formaÃÃo, em nÃvel superior, do professor de LÃngua Materna e realizamos um diagnÃstico da formaÃÃo que o acadÃmico do Curso de Letras da Universidade Federal do Cearà recebe sobre o processo de ensinar a escrita. A pesquisa se situa no campo teÃrico da LinguÃstica Aplicada, na perspectiva sociointeracionista, embasada principalmente nos pressupostos teÃricos de Bakhtin e Vygotsky e nos diversos estudiosos brasileiros que seguem essa vertente. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativo-interpretativa. Aplicamos questionÃrios em duas turmas da disciplina EstÃgio em Ensino da Linguagem Oral e da Linguagem Escrita da UFC e observamos alunos durante a regÃncia de aulas na disciplina EstÃgio em Ensino de LÃngua Portuguesa, no ano letivo de 2012. Analisamos tambÃm os documentos oficiais que norteiam o currÃculo do curso de Letras/HabilitaÃÃo LÃngua Portuguesa da Universidade Federal do CearÃ: o Projeto PolÃtico PedagÃgico, matriz curricular, ementas e planos de disciplina a fim de traÃarmos o perfil teÃrico-metodolÃgico dessa licenciatura â seus objetivos, missÃo, bases epistemolÃgicas e pedagÃgicas etc. Por meio de aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios, de gravaÃÃes em Ãudio e vÃdeo e de anotaÃÃes feitas em fichas de observaÃÃo, analisamos as discussÃes teÃricas sobre o tema, as atividades prÃticas realizadas (dentre elas o EstÃgio Supervisionado), diagnosticando a(s) concepÃÃo (Ães) de ensino de LM e de escrita que ficou evidenciada. Os resultados das anÃlises dos documentos norteadores do curso de Letras demonstram que hà uma dissonÃncia entre a formaÃÃo idealizada nos documentos e a formaÃÃo real oferecida no curso. AlÃm do mais, pelas respostas dadas aos questionÃrios, evidenciamos que hà uma influÃncia tÃmida das teorias linguÃsticas sobre o processo observado, especificamente dos representantes da perspectiva sociointeracionista da escrita, como Bakhtin e Vygotsky, uma vez que nÃo se trabalha diretamente com essas fontes teÃricas, mas somente suas releituras, alÃm de que, conforme as respostas dadas, as discussÃes e abordagens sobre os aspectos da interaÃÃo e das concepÃÃes de escrita ocorrem de forma superficial e fragmentada. AtravÃs das observaÃÃes e registros das aulas constatamos que os professores em formaÃÃo ainda ancoram suas aulas de produÃÃo escrita na concepÃÃo de ensino que privilegia as tipologias tradicionais e a concepÃÃo de escrita como consequÃncia, visto que a tipologia dos textos trabalhados limita-se à narraÃÃo, descriÃÃo e dissertaÃÃo, e as atividades prÃvias realizadas durante as aulas do estÃgio supervisionado sÃo meramente pretextos para se escrever e resultam em uma escrita coletiva, para um Ãnico interlocutor, o docente. / This study investigates the teaching of writing skills in the Portuguese as a Native Language Teaching Certificate Program at the Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The study aims at diagnosing how the skills of teaching to write are developed in this program. This quali-quantitative study relates to the field of Applied Linguistics and is supported by the principles of the socio-interactionist approach and by the theories of Bakhtin and Vygotsky and of some Brazilian researchers who adopted these theories and approach. Questionnaires were administered to two groups of students taking the course âTeaching Oral and Written Skillsâ and to two teachers who taught this course at UFC. Student teachers were also observed while teaching classes in Portuguese as a native language in schools in 2012. Official documents, such as the curriculum of the Program and the syllabi of some of the courses, were also analyzed, with special attention to the description of the courses, their content and bibliography. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the theoretical-methodological principles that were used as foundations for the Program â its goals, mission, theoretical and pedagogical bases. The answers to the questionnaires, the audio and video recordings of the classes as well as the notes taken during the observation of these classes enabled this researcher to analyze the theoretical discussions on general writing themes and the activities undertaken in the courses and performed by the student teachers while teaching classes in schools. These data were used to diagnose the concepts of teaching writing which underlie the curriculum and pedagogical practices developed in the Program. The analysis of the official documents of the Program points out certain discrepancies between the idealized goals of the Program and the training provided to the student teachers. The answers given in the questionnaires highlighted the little influence that the theories that support the Program and the courses had on what is actually done in the courses. There is no straight connection between these theories and the practice in the classrooms. For example, Bakhtin and Vygotsky are not read in their original sources, and the discussions on the interactional approaches to writing are superficial and fragmented. The observations of the classes demonstrated that the student teachers still adhered to pedagogical practices based on traditional concepts of writing in which writing was understood as a result, and the types of texts worked on were limited to the traditional narrative, descriptive and argumentative genres. Moreover, the writing activities developed in the student teachersâ classes resulted in group writing to one and only specific reader â the teacher.