Undergraduate thesis

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The thesis is an historical account, given in a descriptive and narrative fashion, of the impact of Tractarianism on the life of the Church of England in the West Indies from 1850 to 1900, based largely on the investigation of widely scattered original sources. / The author examines the relationship between the Oxford Movement in England and the West Indies with a view to discovering similarities and differences and, where possible, to give reasons for the differences. / Special attention is given to those personalities, particularly the early bishops and clergy, through whom the principles of the Oxford Movement were transmitted to the West Indies. The role of Tractarianism in the interaction of high and low churchmanship is assessed. The reasons for opposition to it are noted, the strongest of which was the fear that it represented a stepping stone to Roman Catholicism. / Finally, cognizance is taken of Tractarian influence in major areas of the church's life and work, such as worship, church polity, pastoral concerns, theology, and religious education.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 296-306).

The late Pleistocene snake fossils from Sawmill Sink (Abaco, The Bahamas) represent five taxa: blind or thread snake (Scolecophidia indet.: either Leptotyphlopidae or Typhlopidae); Abaco boa (Boidae: Chilabothrus cf. exsul); rat snake (Colubridae: Pantherophis sp.); water snake (Natricidae: Nerodia sp.); and Cuban racer (Dipsadidae: Cubophis cf. vudii). Scolecophidia, Chilabothrus exsul, and Cubophis vudii still exist on Abaco and have been previously recovered in fossil deposits in the West Indies. In contrast, no forms of Pantherophis or Nerodia have been reported as fossils anywhere in the West Indies until now. This is the first evidence of any indigenous species of Pantherophis (living or extinct) in the Caribbean, whereas the only other indigenous Nerodia in the West Indies is the extant N. clarkii along the northern coast of Cuba. In being present on Abaco in late Pleistocene but not Holocene contexts, Pantherophis sp. and Nerodia sp. resemble 17 species that apparently did not survive the dramatic changes in climate, habitat, and land area associated with the Pleistocene–Holocene Transition in The Bahamas. It is likely that Pleistocene fossils of both Pantherophis and Nerodia will be found eventually on other Bahamian islands. With the discovery of these two snakes, the vertebrate fauna of Sawmill Sink now stands at 97 species, by far the richest in the West Indies.

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During the period between Slave Emancipation in 1834, and the publication of the Report of the Royal West Indian Cormrission in 1897, important changes took place in the economies of the British West Indian Islands. A predominantly monetary economy replaced the pre-Emancipation system of exchange, in which money had not played a substantial role. The planters continued to barter their production for imports forwarded by English marchants, but after 1834 labour had to be paid for in cash and expressed its consumption demand in monetary form. This labour which was required by the planters was now subject to market supply and demand since in most islands there were alternatives to work on the plantation. [...]

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