AN ISOTOPIC EXAMINATION OF CAVE, SPRING AND EPIGEAN TROPHIC STRUCTURES IN MAMMOTH CAVE NATIONAL PARK Name: Zacchaeus Greg Compson Date: October 15, 2004 Pages: 56 Directed by: Philip Lienesch, Doug McElroy, Michael Stokes and Richard Bowker Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Abstract High-water events in the Green River result in flow-reversals which flush native and introduced fishes into Mammoth Cave, posing threats to indigenous cave fauna. However, little is known about the trophic interactions between cave and epigean aquatic systems or their connectivity via natural springs. The purpose of this study was to use stable isotopes of C and N to describe and compare the trophic structure of epigean, spring and cave aquatic systems within Mammoth Cave National Park. Fourteen sites were sampled from fall 2002 to fall 2003; four in the Green River (epigean), four in spring-heads, and three inside Mammoth Cave. Two a priori hypotheses were tested: fish and invertebrates living in spring heads should express delta 13C values intermediate to those of organisms in cave and epigean aquatic systems and overall trophic levels in cave and spring samples should be compressed, showing lower delta15N values compared to epigean sites. Though cave and spring systems were dominated by allochthonous leaf litter, characteristic of headwater streams, the epigean system was also largely dependent on detrital inputs. Primary differences in delta13C were seen at higher trophic levels, particularly in top consumers such as Lepomis species, where delta13C values decreased from epigean to spring to cave habitats. Though all three habitats supported a similar number of trophic levels (N: 5), the trophic structure was compressed in cave and spring compared to epigean habitats. This trend, however, was obfuscated by delta15N values of accidental species in caves, which tended to be enriched, even when compared to epigean signals. This was attributed to either trophic enrichment from yolk sacs or starvation and subsequent self-processing. Overall, spring trophic structure was found to be intermediate to cave and epigean trophic structures in terms of delta13C values of upper-level fish consumers, but spring trophic structure was more similar to the cave trophic structure in terms of delta15N values, excluding cave accidentals.

The Dog Child site is a multi-component archaeological site located within Wanuskewin Heritage Park, approximately three kilometres from the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The site was excavated from 2004 to 2009 during the summer field season with help from the University of Saskatchewan Department of Archaeology and Anthropology field school and the Saskatchewan Archaeological Society field school. A Master of Arts thesis dealing with the first three years of excavation entitled The Dog Child Site (FbNp-24): A 5500 Year Multicomponent Site on the Northern Plains was completed by Cyr (2006).<p> A focus on the 2007 to 2009 field seasons has been undertaken in this thesis. Artifacts including projectile points and pottery recovered from the site as well as radiocarbon dates confirm the presence of six occupation levels. Five different projectile point series or complexes are associated with the six occupation levels including: Plains Side-Notched, Prairie Side-Notched, McKean series, Oxbow complex, and Mummy Cave series (Gowen). The Mummy Cave series at the site encompasses two of the occupation levels identified. Due to the rich Gowen cultural level at the site the opportunity to study this cultural occupation in more detail became the focus of the second research program.<p> The Hypsithermal is a period of increased complexity and debate on the Plains. This thesis focuses on the 7500 to 4500 years B.P. time frame during which Mummy Cave series cultural occupations are present. The archaeological remains recovered from the Gowen occupation at the Dog Child site suggest the utilization of a broader subsistence base rather than a sole focus on utilizing and consuming bison. Comparison of other sites from this time period indicates that the Dog Child site may be unique in the number of specimens and taxa represented by the excavated faunal assemblage. From this analysis a wealth of new archaeological data including insight into Hypsithermal subsistence patterns and paleoenvironmental studies can be observed.

No description available.

No description available.

As early as the fifth century C.E., the thousand buddha motif had become a prevalent feature in the art of many cave-temples in Gansu, China. Past scholarship concentrated on tracing the textual sources of the motif and with relating it to the practices associated with the devotion to the three thousand buddhas of the three ages. Past research has not considered how the thousand buddhas may have been a reflection of a wider range of religious practices and popular beliefs nor has it explored the motif's artistic origin. / By demonstrating that the earliest examples of the two-dimensional painted form of the thousand buddhas came from Gansu and that the motif was related to an iconographic and architectural design that existed between several Gansu cave-temple sites, this study proposes that the thousand buddha motif was a Gansu cave-temple art innovation that influenced cave-temple decor in areas west of Gansu. In addition, possible reasons for the prevalence of the motif are suggested by considering that it may have reflected the relationship between the thousand buddhas and meditative practices as well as the acts of chanting and circumambulation.

Thesis--University of Pennsylvania. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Brigham Young University. Dept. of Integrative Biology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-130).

Submitted by Simone Souza (simonecgsouza@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-08T14:23:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Ardalla Guimarães Oliveira Morais.pdf: 2627957 bytes, checksum: 85383d96d027ab4070d13c7c686f2813 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-02-08T14:33:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Ardalla Guimarães Oliveira Morais.pdf: 2627957 bytes, checksum: 85383d96d027ab4070d13c7c686f2813 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T14:33:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Ardalla Guimarães Oliveira Morais.pdf: 2627957 bytes, checksum: 85383d96d027ab4070d13c7c686f2813 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-30 / Com a percepção de que cada vez mais pessoas, dentre elas ex-alunos, colegas da universidade, do trabalho e até mesmo familiares se apropriavam dos jogos digitais, ou videogames, e que estes não significavam apenas entretenimento, mas, sim, oportunidades de práticas de letramento em que os participantes propagam conhecimentos, crenças e identidades em suas interações, compreendemos que se constituíam em um fenômeno cultural contemporâneo que necessitava ser estudado no âmbito da Linguística. Considerando esse cenário, esta pesquisa tem como finalidade investigar sobre as possíveis práticas de letramento vivenciadas por usuários a partir do contato com um computer game e foram evidenciadas em dois ambientes virtuais diferenciados. Este trabalho teve como suporte teórico, dentre outros, os estudos de multiletramentos (KNOBEL e LANKSHEAR, 2007, 2011), letramento e letramento digital (ROJO, 2009, 2012; BUZATO, 2003, 2008, 2012) e sobre os videogames (GEE, 2004, 2007; PRENSKY, 2001, 2006). A pergunta de pesquisa norteadora deste trabalho foi: Quais práticas de letramento o jogo The Cave proporcionou aos sujeitos pesquisados e foram evidenciadas nos dois ambientes (Steam e Facebook)? A abordagem metodológica adotada foi a interpretativista com a análise de diálogos gerados por meio de entrevistas virtuais (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008; FLICK, 2009), questionário e algumas postagens dos usuários nos ambientes analisados. A partir dos temas recorrentes, os resultados podem sinalizar que o contato com o jogo digital escolhido permitiu o surgimento de diversas práticas de letramento, dentre as quais algumas jamais imaginadas e relacionadas a um game. / According to the perception realization that more and more people, including former students, university and work colleagues, and even family members appropriated to a digital games or video games and they did not mean just entertainment, but rather opportunities for literacy practices in which the participants propagate knowledge, beliefs and identities in their interactions, we understood that these are dealt with a contemporary cultural phenomenon that needed to be studied in the Linguistics context. Considering this scenario, this research aims to investigate the possible literacy practices experienced by users from contact with a computer game and were found in two different virtual environments. This work was theoretically supported, among others, in studies of multiliteracies (KNOBEL and LANKSHEAR, 2007, 2011), literacy and digital literacy (ROJO, 2009, 2012; BUZATO, 2003, 2008, 2012) and about video games, (GEE 2004, 2007; PRENSKY, 2001, 2006). The main question of guiding this research was: What literacy practices the game The Cave provided to the subjects studied and were found in both environments (Steam and Facebook)? The methodological approach adopted was an interpretative approach after the dialogue analysis through virtual interviews (BORTONI-RICARDO, 2008; FLICK, 2009), questionnaire and some posts by users in the investigated environments. From the recurring themes, the results may signal that contact with the chosen digital game allowed the emergence of various literacy practices, among which, some never imagined and related to a game.

A Pleistocene lava tube cave in southeast Oregon has a seasonally fluctuating lake occupying the last 1200 to 2000 feet. Three endemic invertebrate species inhabit the lake: Kenkia rynchida Hyman; Asellus sp.; and stygobromus hubbsi. Shoemaker. Little is known however, about their environment. The purpose of this study was to describe various physical and chemical parameters of Malheur Cave Lake.

Excavations at Natural Trap Cave (NTC) began in the mid-1970's and quickly yielded evidence of a diverse steppe fauna that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (MIS 2) along the western slope of the Bighorn Mountains in north central Wyoming. NTC is a karst pit cave with a 24.5 m vertical drop into a roughly 43 m wide bell-shaped ‘Main Chamber’ and during the course of early excavations a plugged entrance to a fossil-bearing ‘Lower Chamber’ was discovered. Stratigraphic relationships below the entrance to the Main Chamber of the cave were originally studied in the mid-1970's, but were never formally published. Although stratigraphy, taphonomy, and depositional circumstances were briefly discussed over the following years, little has been done to correlate the numerous stratigraphic schemes used by various authors. In this study, four stratigraphic sections were measured and analyzed to establish an easily modifiable lithostratigraphic system of nomenclature. We provide the first correlations of all stratigraphic nomenclature used throughout excavations at NTC to facilitate comparisons with current and previous collections and publications. By leveraging more than 100 radioisotopic dates we developed an age-depth model and chronostratigraphic framework to further interrogate spatiotemporal relationships between strata, paleoenvironmental proxies, and fossil assemblages. Deposition is shown to be discontinuous; sediment accumulation in the study area is restricted to the buildup through peak penultimate and Last Glacial maxima. More recent (<10 ka) Holocene deposits unconformably cover the eroded surface of underlying Pleistocene strata. There is active reworking of sediments with transport and deposition of reactivated material within the Lower Chamber. We note that the two hiatuses coincide with interglacial periods and may reflect changing depositional circumstances within the cave such as extended periods of non-deposition, erosion, or bypass (possibly leading to deposition in the Lower Chamber). Contrary to previous reports, we demonstrate that it is unlikely a prominent snow cone existed or contributed to the pattern of sediment and fossil distribution within the study area, furthermore, we do not observe a continuous Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the study area. Further stratigraphic work will be needed to better understand the interrelationship between Main and Lower chamber deposits and the evolution of sediment accumulation in NTC.