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A technique involving Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) was used to observe the DNA fragment polymorphism between a bean cultivar with I/I genotype and a bean cultivar with i/i genotype. The I gene encodes immunity to bean common mosaic virus (BCMV).

In this paper I will argue that some of the contradictions in the Problem of the Many occur since we're dealing with two different types of concepts of a cloud, one that is 'common-sense', and one that is 'scientific'. I will borrow from Noam Chomsky’s distinction between common-sense concepts, which are understood intuitively and are usually human-centric, and scientific concepts, which are carefully constructed and aspire to be objective. The common-sense concept of a cloud has certain properties (such as having a sharp boundary) which contradict some found in the scientific concept (such as having a vague boundary), and this is the source of some contradictions found within the Problem of the Many. I will propose that in the future we should approach the problem with this in mind, and not treat it as if we're dealing with only one concept of a cloud, but instead, several.

Copenhagen in the turn of the last century; light from the outside world seeks its way along the floor into the interior painted by Vilhelm Hammershoi. Why do I want to stay here? The surrounding space of the room in focus affects our perception of it; in what way are they connected and which sources of light might exist behind? My method has been to phenomenologically explore a set of artworks representing rooms that, to me, convey a sense of desirable place to stay and live in. My intention with these investigations was to build a dwelling space with shared functions; a collective living. I tried to recreate my interpretations from the artworks by building rooms with similar qualities, hoping this project would make more people choose a collective way of living rather than an individual one.

Schools of business within the Florida State University system have state-mandated common prerequisites that students are required to complete prior to formal admission into baccalaureate business programs. As such, the common prerequisites serve as minimum admission requirements for schools of business in the state of Florida. This study sought to determine the ability of these discipline specific admission criteria to predict academic performance in upper-level business coursework. This study looked at existing data for 860 students in the College of Business Administration at the University of Central Florida. Findings of the study demonstrate that there is a positive and moderate to strong correlation between the final grade earned in each individual course within the common prerequisites and the cumulative academic performance in upper-level business coursework. The strength of the correlation varied among the individual prerequisites, however, each individual prerequisite was positively correlated. Regression findings also demonstrate that the common prerequisites may, with certain student populations such as native students and students pursuing quantitative business majors, be a rather effective predictor of program performance. Most problematic of the findings was that the predictive ability was not equivalent across different student populations. This suggests that as admission criteria or screening mechanisms designed to select students most likely to be successful in the program, the state-mandated common prerequisites were not effective for all student populations. Findings of this study have implications for schools of business, as well as other disciplines, as they evaluate the common prerequisites required by their institution or consider best practices and policies to improve student retention, graduation, and other outcomes.

This research relates Hg levels in the Common Loon (Gavia immer) to a variety of physical factors. Constructed within the framework of a GIS system, this model analyzes the spatial relationships and the influence of physical land cover factors as a function of distance from the individual loon territories. Thiessan polygons were used to generate the territory for each loon. Buffering of the thiessan polygons was done to establish the boundaries of the individual distance classes and to gather information on the percentage of individual land cover classes within each distance class. Information on precipitation was also gathered. Results from the regression analysis (R2 = 57.3% at the 150m distance class) performed on the variables suggest that the proximity of certain land use types such as cropland, shrub land, and wetlands influence the rates at which Hg is available within an individual territory. Within the 150m and 300m buffers, crop land, shrub land, and wetland exhibited the strongest relationship with the Hg levels in the common loon, with cropland exhibiting a negative relationship suggesting that the proximity of cultivated lands plays a role in decreasing the amount of available Hg in a territory. / Master of Science

Social information affects the movement decisions of animals and is often an essential factor in habitat selection. Social information should be especially relevant to long-distance migrating birds that navigate over long distances through unfamiliar habitats to find resources to survive. This information likely varies in both availability and importance at the different spatial scales relevant to migrating birds. Using the common yellowthroat as a case study, I tested whether cues might be available in the songs of locally breeding birds at the continental, within-site, and within-territory scales. At the continental scale, I described the geographic variation in song among genetic groups and subspecies, which may provide useful information for migrants navigating across the continent. I found differences in song structure including the duration of silences between notes, number of notes, and bandwidths which might provide cues. Additionally, bandwidth was related to habitat density. At the within-site scale, I tested whether there is a relationship between song, habitat structure, habitat quality, bird size, and bird quality. I found no evidence that song variation is an available source of information about habitat type or quality to migrants exploring habitat variation at the within-site scale. At the same scale, I tested whether migrating common yellowthroats use the presence of song to find habitat by broadcasting song recordings in suitable and unsuitable habitat patches, but did not lure any migrants. However, when I compared the distance between local singing males and the capture locations of migrant common yellowthroat in a passive mist-netting array to the distances expected by chance, I found that migrants were further away from singing local males than expected, perhaps to avoid costly aggressive interactions. At the within-territory scale, I tested whether a singer's location is predictive of microhabitat structure or food abundance, and whether song rate or duration is predictive of a local male's activities. I found that the location of a singing bird may provide migrants with information about the location of food and structurally denser habitat. Song variation may also predict the likelihood of attack should a migrant intrude in the local male's territory.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24189号 / 医博第4883号 / 新制||医||1060(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 恭, 教授 羽賀 博典, 教授 伊藤 貴浩 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Thesis advisor: James F. Keenan, SJ / Why should any society acknowledge and address recognition as a vital human need? This dissertation primarily sets out to offer a theological ethical response to this opportune and critical question. Fundamentally, it does not attempt to develop a new theory of recognition or, even, correct the existing ones. Rather, in agreement with the Aristotelian eudemonistic principle that the end of ethics is virtuous action and drawing on major theories of recognition, it highlights the necessity of acting virtuously in a manner that properly addresses the human need for due recognition. Its ultimate goal is to highlight the ethical significance of recognition as a vital human need. This goal is premised on the central thesis that all human beings need to be duly recognized and consistently treated as subjects with inherent dignity and fundamental rights; and, that failure to address the need for recognition leads to a catch-22 situation in human society. Therefore, it argues that doing a proper social ethics, especially Catholic Social Ethics, practically demands that we duly address the human need for recognition and explore how to integrate the habit of mutual recognition into the moral schemas of our societies so as to create a thriving culture of recognition – one that normalizes, prioritizes, and sustains mutual recognition as a common ground for negotiating the common good in modern multicultural and pluralistic societies. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Theology.

This work presents a Feminist approach to Participatory Design focusing on provoking and subverting hegemonic narratives. Through Design Anthropology projects in the field of Active Aging, I aim at defining design tactics for making the Common visible. The system design literature on Active Aging presents aging as a problem that needs to be fixed and it attributes to older adults aging negative stereotypes, promoting in this way ageism. This narrative is influenced by, as it informs, the EU policies that fund projects on the design of assistive technologies through a rhetoric of compassion towards those considered older people. At date, critical interdisciplinary approaches consider the concept of aging in modern societies as a bio-product of capitalism, since it is related to the end of a person’s work life and therefore the end of her/his productive capacity. My thesis is positioned at the intersection between critical approaches and community-based Participatory Design, considering design as one of the practices for raising awareness and taking care of the common. The Common is the ensemble of material and immaterial resources that allow people to be tied together and it can be looked at in a positive and liberating way, in contrast with hegemonic and normative constraints, as the implications of active aging narrative. In my view Participatory Design is one of the approaches to subvert and rebalance power-relations, and for this reason I adopted it in my work. Therefore, the leading research question is: How can we learn to recognize the Common through a Participatory Design process? To answer this research question, Participatory Design is informed by Design Anthropology and Feminism. The former restitues the importance of anthropological reflexivity in the encounter with the Otherness and the in-depth empirical work of field-work. The latter provides an intersectional lens that offers the decisive lever to shift the focus from the homogeneous fictional image of the ``older person’’, to the rich heterogeneity of human beings, that includes not just the age identity, but multiple identity layers (gender, ethnicity, economy, education...). This shift of focus has been done mainly through the deconstruction of negative aging stereotypes (ageism), predominant in the institutional narratives of Active Aging, whether they are in the policies, in system design literature or in people’s everyday life. In this way the shift of focus highlights the passage from the Active Aging perspective to the Common one, and from the user to the participants towards a collective dimension in which aging becomes a secondary element in favour of the Common, as relational quality and ability to cooperate and self-organize. For this reason the case studies presented are situated in community-based organizations of - in institutional terms - older adults. The case studies are settled in three different contexts and with different design ideas, as they emerge from ethnographic fieldwork: working on public mobility in a grassroot movement of seniors and pensioners in a mountain community; sharing knowledge and competencies in an annual laboratory on digital technologies promoted by a social cooperative and organized by the university; improving communication and making compost in top-down senior social gardens, organized by senior social clubs and promoted by the local municipality. The case studies presented are situated in precarious contexts, that is, in which the available resources are scarce, there is little or not institutional safety net and the only way for the design researcher (myself) to set a project is through building informal and trustful relationships with the participants, nurturing attachments and managing stereotypes that the participants may have about her. The main contribution of my work is having elaborated guidelines that include relational movements and design tactics to reframe hegemonic design contexts and empowering people that are involved in, to re-imagining themselves from users to participants and to be entitled and responsible to design their own technologies in their own means, to strengthen the Common that ties them together. The design processes that me and the communities realized are constituted by the relational movements of exploration, provocation, conflict, reflexivity and appropriation. In contemporary times, where the Common is often dispossessed and converted to a product, and we are called to fight capitalistic forces to maintain the capacity of cooperate, the Common is often not evident in our everyday life. From my empirical work I elaborated three design tactics that can inform design projects that aim at making the Common visible, and these are: decolonizing hegemonic narratives, nurturing attachments with the people we designers work with, and creating contextual ethics to help us making decisions when encountering conflicts between ours and participants’ agendas.