Inaug.-Diss.--Cologne. / Vita. Bibliography: p. 161-167.

This thesis explores the development of the unheroic hero in the modern novel.

L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és avançar cap a una redefinició de la representació literària de la masculinitat heroica. A tal efecte, s'han examinat les narratives autobiogràfiques en resposta a la Primera Guerra Mundial escrites pels poetes de guerra que conformen el cànon literari en llengua anglesa. L’anàlisi dels textos es realitza a partir de la tensió entre dos mites: el 'mite de l'heroi victorià' i el 'mite del fantasma.' El mite de l’heroic victorià es refereix a la representació de la masculinitat heroica de mitjans-finals del segle XIX, fundada en la tradició èpica i romàntica i en una concepció essencialista de l’home impulsada per la propaganda imperialista, per l’experiència de la Guerra Bòer i pels valors i actituds transmesos per l'escola pública anglesa. El mite del fantasma, d’altra banda, emfatitza la idea que la Primera Guerra Mundial destrueix la representació del soldat com a heroi i de la guerra com a romanç, centrant-se, no només en la discontinuïtat amb el passat heroic, sinó en la figura del soldat com a fantasma, com a ésser feble, vulnerable i emasculat. Si bé els textos estudiats es consideren exemples emblemàtics del mite del fantasma, aquesta tesi sosté que aquesta postura és limitada i parcial en relació a la representació de la guerra i, essencialment, de la figura del soldat. No es pren prou en compte la complexitat en la resposta literària a una experiència que no només es presenta com una de les més traumàtiques i pertorbadores del segle XX sinó que ofereix un context de circumstàncies contradictòries i canviants que impedeix una interpretació unànime. L'anàlisi detallada de diaris, cartes, memòries i noveI.les autobiogràfiques escrites pels poetes canònics demostra que les obres més reflexives i valuoses de la literatura de guerra transcendeixen tant la narrativa heroica com l’anti-heroica per explorar les ambigüitats i contradiccions i eventualment redefinir l’ideal heroic. Aquest treball se centra en cóm aquesta tensió entre els dos mites es manifesta en els vincles relacionals del soldat, fonamentalment en les actituds respecte al camarada, l'amic, l'amant, l'enemic i el covard, no només des de la perspectiva d'una crisi d’identitat sinó com a punt de partida per al sorgiment d'un model alternatiu viable de masculinitat heroica. / El objetivo de esta tesis es avanzar hacia una redefinición de la representación literaria de la masculinidad heroica. Para ello, se han examinado las narrativas autobiográficas en respuesta a la Primera Guerra Mundial escritas por los poetas de guerra que conforman el canon literario en lengua inglesa. Los textos son analizados a partir de la tensión entre dos mitos: el ‘mito del héroe victoriano’ y el ‘mito del fantasma.’ El mito del héroe victoriano se refiere a la representación de la masculinidad heroica de mediados-finales del siglo XIX, fundada en la tradición épica y romántica y en una concepción esencialista del hombre impulsada por la propaganda imperialista, por la experiencia de la Guerra Bóer y por los valores y actitudes transmitidos por la escuela pública inglesa. El mito del fantasma, por otro lado, enfatiza la idea de que la Primera Guerra Mundial destruye la representación del soldado como héroe y de la guerra como romance, centrándose, no sólo en la discontinuidad con el pasado heroico, sino en la figura del soldado como fantasma, como ser débil, vulnerable y emasculado. Si bien los textos estudiados han sido considerados ejemplos emblemáticos del mito del fantasma, esta tesis sostiene que esa postura es limitada y parcial en lo que refiere a la representación de la guerra y, esencialmente, de la figura del soldado. No se toma suficientemente en cuenta la complejidad en la respuesta literaria a una experiencia que no sólo se presenta como una de las más traumáticas y perturbadoras del siglo veinte sino que ofrece un contexto de circunstancias contradictorias y cambiantes que impide una interpretación unánime. El análisis detallado de diarios, cartas, memorias y novelas autobiográficas escritas por los poetas canónicos demuestra que las obras más reflexivas y valiosas de la literatura de guerra trascienden tanto la narrativa heroica como la anti-heroica para explorar las ambigüedades y contradicciones y eventualmente redefinir el ideal heroico. Este trabajo se centra en cómo esa tensión entre los dos mitos se manifiesta en los vínculos relacionales del soldado, fundamentalmente en las actitudes hacia el camarada, el amigo, el amante, el enemigo y el cobarde, no sólo desde la perspectiva de una crisis de identidad sino como punto de partida para el surgimiento de un modelo alternativo viable de masculinidad heroica. / This thesis works towards a redefinition of the representation of heroic masculinity in the autobiographical narratives written by the canonical British war poets in response to the Great War. The texts have been analysed from the perspective of the tension between two myths: the ‘Victorian hero myth’ and the ‘Ghost myth.’ The Victorian hero myth refers to the representation of heroic masculinity in mid-to late-nineteenth century Britain, based on the epic and romance traditions and on an essentialist conception of manhood promoted by imperial propaganda, the Boer War experience and the public-school ethos. The Ghost myth, on the other hand, emphasises the idea that the Great War destroyed the representation of the soldier and of war itself as heroic, highlighting not only the discontinuities with a heroic past but the figure of the soldier as a ghost, a weak, vulnerable and emasculated human being. Although the texts under study are regarded as significant examples of the Ghost myth, this thesis argues that such a view is too limited and simplistic as regards the representation of war and, most essentially, of the figure of the soldier, taking insufficiently into account the complexity of response to a diverse and multifaceted experience. A close and detailed analysis of the selected war diaries, letters, memoirs and autobiographical novels shows that much of the finest literature of the Great War refuses single-minded interpretations and transcends the conventional patriotic-heroic and protest-anti-heroic readings to explore the ambiguities and contradictions and to eventually redefine the heroic ideal. This thesis essentially focuses on how the tension between the two dominant myths is expressed in the relational aspect – the soldier’s attitudes towards the comrade, the friend, the lover, the enemy and the coward – not only from the perspective of an identity crisis but also as the source of a viable alternative model of heroic masculinity.

This thesis provides an investigation of how gender stereotypes affect the narrative, mechanics, and experience of three different console based video games (Venetica, WET, and Velvet Assassin) with female protagonist. Each game is addressed within separate case study chapters and discusses how gender is integrated and intertwined with each narrative structure, image representation, and interactivity. Further analysis is provided in each case study as gender is addressed across several parts of each game, beginning with the female protagonist’s role as hero, her representation throughout the game (i.e. body image, attire, and weapons), and the game play experience. In conclusion, this thesis shows that the protagonist gender within a video game does affect the game in its entirety. More specifically, all three female heroines discussed in this thesis showcases stereotypes associated with the dominant sexual representation of female video game characters, as well as similar traditional feminine and masculine stereotypes associated with heroines in film and television. This provides for rather problematic representations of female heroes, alone with the games designed for them which are equally as stereotypical in their narrative, mechanics, and game play.

Yes / It appears that in September, 2011, Rome experienced much more than a dialogue on dialogic pedagogy but a gladiatorial clash of personalities and ideas. Heat, we are told, was generated (above, p.1) and in the dissipation of this heat on to the page, even the reader gets hot and flushed. We are told that arguments “fail” (above, p.16); that terms “are not clearly defined” (p.21), breakthroughs in classification (e.g. epistemological dialogical pedagogy) are tackled and dragged down to personal eccentricities “his so-called epistemological dialogical pedagogy” (p.22), politeness tries to get a grip periodically, “I agree. But maybe I agree with Kiyo only to a point” but shouting (e.g. capital letters/underlining terms – e.g. “NOT the exclusive practice” (p.26)) and assertions take over. Accusation fly - sometimes to the point of legal charges “I charge the Epistemological Pedagogical Dialogue II with...” (p.29).

Une turbine diphasique est utilisée pour remplacer le détendeur classique des systèmes de réfrigération. Dans la turbine, une tuyère transforme l'enthalpie de l'écoulement en énergie cinétique. Remplacer la détente isenthalpique classique par une détente isentropique augmente le coefficient de performance d'un système de réfrigération d'une valeur qui peut aller jusqu'à 20 %, pour la même consommation électrique du compresseur. Pendant cette transformation, la pression statique de l'écoulement diminue et un changement de phase se produit au col de la tuyère. La détente d'un écoulement diphasique est étudiée analytiquement et simulée avec le logiciel de CFD Fluent 13. Un modèle d'évaporation adapté à la détente diphasique est ajouté à l'algorithme de dynamique de fluide dans Fluent 13, afin de créer et simuler le changement de phase à l'intérieur de la tuyère. Le modèle d'évaporation est basé sur la théorie de la nucléation et sur des résultats expérimentaux. Le modèle calcule le taux de nucléation hétérogène initiée par les cavités de la paroi intérieur de la tuyère, et le taux de nucléation hétérogène initiée par la présence de bulles de vapeur au cœur de l'écoulement. Outre les tuyères, la roue de la turbine est aussi conçue. La roue récupère l'énergie cinétique d'un écoulement diphasique et la transforme en un couple de moment. La géométrie des différents éléments de la roue est définie afin d'assurer l'intégrité mécanique et un bon rendement énergétique. La conception de la roue prend en considération le comportement de l'écoulement en contact avec les paliers de la roue, la perte de puissance due aux frottements aérauliques, ainsi que de nombreux autres facteurs. Fluent 13 est utilisé pour simuler l'écoulement diphasique à l'intérieur des augets de la roue, ainsi que pour calculer les pertes dues aux frottements aérauliques. Le rendement calculé de la turbine est vérifié avec des tests d'une turbine diphasique dans un groupe refroidisseur d'eau ayant une puissance de réfrigération de 700 kW. / A two-phase turbine used to replace the usual expander in a refrigeration system needs a nozzle/expander to transform the flow enthalpy into kinetic energy. Replacing the isenthalpic expansion by the isentropic one, increases the coefficient of performance of refrigeration system up to 20% for the same compressor input power. During this transformation, the static pressure of the flow decreases and a phase change occurs at the nozzle throat. The expanding and flashing flow in the convergent and divergent parts of a nozzle is analytically studied and then simulated using the CFD software Fluent 13. A separate evaporation model is added to the fluid dynamics algorithms in Fluent 13 in order to create the phase change inside the nozzle. The evaporation model is based on the classical theory of nucleation and on experimental results: it calculates the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the wall cavities and the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the presence of vapor bubbles in the flow. The turbine is composed of the designed nozzles and a rotor that recovers the kinetic energy of the two-phase flow and transforms it into torque. The geometry of the rotor components is designed to provide mechanical integrity and high efficiency. The design takes into consideration the flow behavior inside the rotor, the power loss due to drag force, and many other factors. Fluent 13 is used to study the flow inside the rotor buckets and to estimate the power loss due to drag force. The turbine calculated efficiency is verified by testing a two-phase turbine in a water chiller having a refrigeration capacity of 700 kW.

This study of borders in literature investigates the ways the frontier and then the border entered the national consciousness and developed into the entities they are presently. The focus here on the border in literature is organized around the role of border heroes as they bring instability and change to the geographic border region and to more metaphoric border regions. This study not only addresses the individual border hero's role and attributes, but also focuses more generally on the border hero's role as an emblem of the struggle for change. Toward this end, I support the importance to border criticism of border agents by showing their presence and essential participation in the work of Américo Paredes, some of the earliest writing on borders and border agents.

This study of borders in literature investigates the ways the frontier and then the border entered the national consciousness and developed into the entities they are presently. The focus here on the border in literature is organized around the role of border heroes as they bring instability and change to the geographic border region and to more metaphoric border regions. This study not only addresses the individual border hero's role and attributes, but also focuses more generally on the border hero's role as an emblem of the struggle for change. Toward this end, I support the importance to border criticism of border agents by showing their presence and essential participation in the work of Américo Paredes, some of the earliest writing on borders and border agents.

IN ENGLISH Iconography and Nationalism: The comparison of the First World War memorials in Budapest and Prague The purpose of the present thesis is to compare the national iconography appearing on Czech and Hungarian WW1 memorials. The political power symbolically occupied the public spaces by the WW1 memorials while expressing its national propaganda after the Great War. It was an attempt inducting sensitive questions since the dead heroes of the nation were dead sons of the families at the same time. For this reason the making of memorials is connected to individual and collective grief. This grief resulted in a glorious narrative in Czechoslovakia, while in Hungary th death of soldiers represented the death of the nation in the discourse on the political level. How can this process be expressed and how can it be researched? On the one hand, commemorations are situated in space, and space is an implicit content of WW1 memorials. As a consequence, it is important to analyse the spatial context of the monuments. On the other hand, the explicit content of the monuments is their visuality. In order to analyse and compare the iconographies, it is useful to transform the symbols into a countable form by applying the content analysis method. Furthermore, for interpreting the symbols, it is necessary to...

Wuthering Heights is the story of Heathcliff, a psychological study of an elemental man whose soul is torn between love and hate. The Byronic hero is the natural contact with the great heroic tradition in literature. This examination involves the consideration of the Byronic hero's relationship to the Gothic villain, the motivation behind the Byronic fatal revenge, and the phenomenon of Byronic supernatural manifestations.