Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-213). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-213). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2004. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 180-189).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, December 1999. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. / Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 28, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-62).

Thèse (Ph. D.)--Uppsala, 1937.

abstract: Extensive cross-linguistic data document a wide gamut of semantic and pragmatic uses of the diminutive that revolve around the fundamental concepts of `small' and `child'. As typical inventory of informal registers, diminutives are utilized as pragmatic markers of politeness in a wide range of contextual meanings. This dissertation is intended to fill some major gaps in the systematic and empirical research on the formation and pragmatic uses of the diminutives in Macedonian and to explore the role of diminutivization in a broader linguistic framework, by examining the consistency of the field of diminutives, the core and peripheral meanings of the diminutive, their typology, as well as their pragmatic potential. The morphology and pragmatics of the diminutive is examined by combining data from electronic and printed sources, video recordings of natural conversations, as well as from material collected from participant and non-participant observations. At the level of morphology, it is argued that three fundamental semantic constraints underlie the formation of diminutives: [-big], [+ emotional], and [+ informal]. Furthermore, it is shown how diminutive combinability is rule governed in Macedonian by proposing sets of formal constraints for all grades of diminutives. At the level of pragmatics, the pragmatic functions of the diminutives proper and the related periphrastic diminutive malku are investigated in a variety of contexts involving child-directed speech (CDS) and adult communication. By analyzing the pragmatic functions of the diminutive in a series of speech acts, and drawing upon cross-cultural interpretations suggested by Wierzbicka (1991), it is argued that, in Macedonian, social bonding, cordiality, intimacy or affection are pragmatically more salient than personal autonomy in the Anglo-Saxon societies, realized through non-imposition, tentativeness, or similar pragmatic strategies for saving face. Additionally, it is contended that there exist cultural differences in the assessment of the concept of imposition between these societies. The analyses of the pragmatic potential of the diminutive proper and the periphrastic diminutive 'malku' give rise to the claim that Macedonian culture is predominantly founded on the pragmatic principle of positive politeness. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2012

Field and laboratory studies on the morphology, gut contents, ingestion rates and digestion efficiency of Pollicipes pollicipes were combined to obtain estimates of the likely range and quality of materials required to sustain this species . Orientation of P. pollicipes on the shores of south; west Portugal appeared to be determined by microtopography. Animals generally faced into the wave backwash. Orientation could be temporarily altered by torsion of the peduncle in response to changes in flow direction, permitting more efficient filter feeding. Cirral and mouthpart morphology suggested that P. pollicipes, Capitulum mitella and Lepas anatifera were omnivores. Size-related changes in cirral morphology made small juveniles better equipped than adults to feed on small particles. Cirral activity of P. pollicipes was investigated. Very slow rhythmic cirral extension (or 'beating') was observed in all P. pollicipes, J but only in relatively still water; once flow rates exceeded 14 cm s all barnacles exhibited prolonged cirral extension. The 'beat' rate was temperature dependent in most animals and larger animals exhibited a lower extension frequency than juveniles. It was concluded that 'beating' was primarily respiratory in function and not a feeding mechanism. The gut contents of wild P. pollicipes included animal and algal material but little inorganic matter, -.,. Small organic material predominated in small juveniles while large organic material predominated in adults. The rates of faecal production and growth were much higher in barnacles feeding on zooplankton than on algae and although algal cells were ingested in high numbers, the energy intake was so low that animals barely maintained their body weight. Digestive efficiencies varied with diet but little with barnacle size. A wide range of digestive enzymes were identified in P. pollicipes and L. anatifera suggesting that a variety of foods may be digested. Specific enzyme activity was low, characteristic of more carnivorous animals.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-17T19:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-18T12:47:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000826646.pdf: 221252 bytes, checksum: 07c2518fc0e0672138be32887f943210 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da superfície dentinária bovina na resistência de união (RU) de dois sistemas adesivos. Em dois grupos (n = 5) o esmalte vestibular de incisivos bovinos foi removido até a exposição da camada intermediária de dentina. Nos outros dois grupos os dentes bovinos foram desgastados a partir da face lingual ultrapassando os limites da câmara pulpar expondo dessa forma a parede vestibular da câmara pulpar. Os dentes foram planificados e polidos em lixadeira rotatória com lixas nas granulações sequenciais e crescente de 120 até 600 a fim de padronizar a formação da smear layer. Os adesivos utilizados foram o Single Bond 2 (3M - ESPE) (SB2) e o ClearFill (Kuraray) (CF). Os dentes dos grupos tratados com SB2 e os tratados com CF tiveram um bloco de resina composta (TPH 3, Dentsply) construído sobre cada superfície tratada. Após armazenagem por 24 h em estufa 37 ºC, cada conjunto dente/restauração foi seccionado nos eixos X e Y (ISOMET 1000, Buehler) para obter espécimes em forma de palito, contendo 1 mm² de área de secção transversal. A RU foi obtida em teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal (EMIC DL-1000) utilizando-se o dispositivo de Geraldeli, a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. As fraturas foram analisadas em estereomicroscópio e classificadas em duas categorias: Tipo I - fratura adesiva, Tipo II - fratura mista.Os valores de resistência de união (MPa) foram submetidos a análise de variância de 2 fatores e ao teste de Tukey para comparação entre os grupos, ambos com α = 0,05. Foram obtidos os seguintes valores: G1 (normal/convencional) = 43,9 ± 4,8 MPa; G2 (invertido/convencional) = 29,2 ± 5,4 MPa; G3 (normal/autocondicionante) = 13,9 ± 2,1 MPa e G4 (invertido/autocondicionante) = 12,7 ± 3,4 MPa, com significância para direção da dentina ,para os sistemas adesivos bem como para a interação dos fatores. Limitado pela metodologia do estudo pode se ... / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bovine dentin surface on the bond strength (BS) of two adhesive systems. In two groups (n = 5) buccal enamel of bovine incisors was removed by exposing the middle dentin. In the other two groups bovine teeth were ground from the lingual surface exposing the buccal wall of the pulp chamber. The teeth were ground flat and polished on sequentially with # 120 to 600 sandpapers in order to standardize the smear layer. The adhesives were Single Bond 2 (3M - ESPE) (SB2) and ClearFill (Kuraray) (CF). A block of composite resin (TPH 3, Dentsply) was constructed on the adhesive treated surface. After storage for 24 hours at 37 °C, each set was sectioned in X and Y (ISOMET 1000, Buehler) axes to obtain i-shaped specimens, with 1 mm² cross sectional area. The BS was obtained by mechanical microtensile testing in a universal testing (EMIC DL - 1000) using the Geraldeli's device at cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The fractures were examined under a stereomicroscope and classified into two categories: Type I - adhesive fracture, type II - mixed fracture. Data of bond strength (MPa) were submitted to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test for comparison between groups, both with α = 0.05. With the average values for the groups tested as follows: G1 (normal/Conventional) = 43,9 ± 4,8 MPa, G2 (invert/conventional) = 29,2 ± 5,4 MPa; G3 (normal/self-etching) = 13,9 ± 2,1 MPa and G4 (invert/self-etching) = 12,7 ± 3,4 MPa with significance for the direction of the dentin for adhesive systems as well as for the interaction of factors. Limited by the methodology of the study it can be concluded that the direction of bonding influences on the bond strength primarily in self-etching adhesives

<p> Interpreting the taxonomic and behavioral implications of variation in the inferred limb proportions of fossil hominin taxa is contingent upon assessing how much variation exists in extant primate taxa and, by extension, how much of that variation is associated differences in their locomotor behaviors. However, the majority of evidence linking limb proportions to behavior in extant primates is based on taxonomically-restricted samples, or on species means as opposed to individual values, or does not account for field observations that capture the complexity of locomotor behavior in a primate taxon (see Napier &amp; Napier, 1967; Fleagle, 1988; see also Preuschoft, 2002). With regards to extinct taxa, the problem is compounded by a necessary reliance on relatively few associated skeletons, most of which are incomplete, or fragmented or both. </p><p> This thesis addresses the aforementioned issues using a) multivariate methods to quantify the relationships between limb proportions and behavioral repertoires in extant anthropoids; b) machine-learning methods to select relevant extant models with which to interpret the limb proportions of extinct taxa; and c) resampling methods to evaluate hypotheses regarding major adaptive shifts in inferred locomotor behavior.</p><p>