Thesis (doctoral) - Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-147).

High quality multiplication material is created directly on a field. It's always about relation between seed and environment which is influenced by farmer. Within the Czech Republic the samples of certified cereal seeds were taken from the representative farmers, farm cooperatives and agricultural companies. After that they were subsequently analysed. The whole mentioned seed samples of the year 2013 comply with the legislative requirements. The term "seed quality" is often perceived as a subjective matter. Via questionnaire miniresearch it was found out how growers perceive offer and certified seed quality. At the same time the analyse of the actual certified organic seed need in the Czech Republic was carried out according to the given data of Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The results doesn't correspond to the real cereal organic seed offer. The present situation in certified seed quality and organic seed offer represents an appeal for improvement and the future necessary amendment to the low.

The aim of this diploma thesis was an evaluation of the environmental aspects of growing of the chosen feeding varieties of a spring barley in various systems of farming. Further purpose of this diploma thesis was a quantification of an emission load bond with the unit of area, and the unit of yield of spring barley, in the scope of conventional and ecological system of farming. The part of this study was a formation of the literature survey about problems of the conventional and ecological growing of the spring barley, with the focus on the agrotechnical requirements and environmental aspects. The practical part was performed in the area of the Faculty of Agriculture in Czech Budejovice.

The aim of this work was to assess the meat performance of hens and bulls of the Galloway breed and their crossbreeds from organic farming and their subsequent comparison with each other. Further comparing the yields of their JUT with the results of another six breeds of cattle that were behaving in a non-organic conventional manner.

Antibiotics are routinely used in modern livestock production systems to treat and prevent disease as well as to enhance livestock production and/or outputs. This widespread use of antibiotics has led to a growing worldwide interest in antibioticfree animal production. The addition of feed supplements such as nucleotides to improve intestinal health as well as the early development of the immune system needs to be investigated as an environmentally-friendly nutritional management activity. In this study four (4) groups of newborn Holstein calves (n=24) were evaluated after being treated as follows: Group 1 (Negative control), Group 2 (Investigational Veterinary Product (IVP) 1 – Oral supplement containing nucleotides, vitamins, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids, pre-biotics and trace-minerals), Group 3 (IVP 2 – Oral supplement containing nucleotides only at concentration and dosage equal to IVP1) and Group 4 (IVP 3 - Parenteral glucocorticoids). Results of the study indicated that: Pre-colostral Serum IgG titres – After titration of the serum the anti-BVDV results showed no difference between the study groups. All calves recorded a SP ratio of zero value (0.00 ± 0.2) indicating that they had not been nursed by their mothers prior to the start of the study. This was an entrance requirement for the calves to be enrolled into the study. Apparent Efficiency of Absorption % (AEA%) – Literature shows that an AEA% result of between 20%-30% is good and 35% is excellent. The AEA% recorded for this study fell within this range although there was no statistically significant difference shown between the groups. In spite of a strictly controlled study protocol, 7 of the 24 calves (29%) still suffered from FPT in this study. The result falls within the range of 19% - 37% reported on United States of America (USA) farms by Doepel and Bartier in 2014. Serum cortisol - When compared to the control group, there were no statistical significant difference evident for group 2 and group 3. However, the difference between the Glucocorticoid – Group 4 and the control and other groups was statistically significant (P = 0.0001; table 12) at the various time intervals. It was also evident that the inclusion of parenteral glucocorticoids (group 4) may have assisted in prolonging the natural “gut closure”. Gut closure – a positive 2 point linear regression forecast line indicated an increasing trend in IgG absorption post-24 hours for group number 4 whilst groups 1, 2 and 3 each had a negative 2 point linear regression forecast line (figure 23). Weight / ADG (D42) - Group 2 showed a statistically significant increase in mean D42 weight (P = 0.0042) of 59.167 kg ± 3.545 kg when compared to the other study groups and compared to the control group (P = 0.0227). A comparison of the relative increase in mass of groups indicated that Group 2 efficiently achieved this result with a statistically significant ADG of 0.536 kg (P = 0.014) compared to the other study groups and compared to the control group (P = 0.022). In addition, weight / FCR – FCR was calculated for all groups as follows: G1 – 4.000 kg, G2 - 2.593 kg, G3 – 2.703 kg and G4 - 3.012 kg feed required for the production of 1 kg meat. The results indicated that the group 2 feed input was the most economical followed by groups 3, 4 and control respectively. In conclusion, it is evident that a nutritional supplement containing nucleotides, vitamins, trace- minerals, essential fatty acids, essential amino acids and pre-biotics may contribute significantly to important economic indicators such as weight gain, ADG and FCR on a commercial dairy farm. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Science)

The main objective of this diploma thesis was to identify price, quality and the time priority of consumers in relation to food and to define the attitudes of the Czech consumers to organic food, respectively to individual bio commodities through a consumer research, then the basic shopping preferences and motivators/barriers.

The objective of the thesis was to ascertain the development speed of extensive organic orchards in the South-Moravian region, evaluate their production's potential, legislative, economic, and environmental aspects. Research was conducted via public surveys and visits of organic orchard owners in the South-Moravian region. Other data was obtained in co-operation with BIOKONT CZ, s.r.o., a regulatory organization, and using the Ministry of Agriculture and Pro-bio association web sites. The results show there are currently 4402 environmental entities registered at the Ministry of Agriculture, including 3894 organic farmers. As of 31st March. 2014 there have been 689 organic orchard owners in the Czech Republic, of which 17% is registered in the South-Moravian region alone. 14 of the 16 interviewees do harvest their orchards' production. One orchard owner established his orchard focusing on blackcurrant enzyme extraction instead of conventional fruit production. There is a concern that one of the respondents converted their orchard to an organic system only due to potential subsidies, since they do not harvest any produce. The reason allegedly is the age of the trees and a lack of pollinators. Other farmers established their orchards convinced that fruits produced in accordance with organic farming rules is better than its conventional counterpart.

The aim of the thesis is "Development of offer and prices of organic food". Organic farming and its development in Czech Republic, legislation, control mechanisms in organic farming are described in theoretical part, including market discription with organic food in Czech Republic and Europe. Second part describes customer questionnaire survey in model shop. Than was performed a control purchase. The last part is the analysis of price developments and price comparison of organic and conventional nutritive.

The content of the thesis was research and study of the epigeal beetle communities at three different sites in the cadastral municipality Mačice near village Soběšice in Western Region. Habitats were managed under organic farming. Specifically there were three different sites, a field sown triticale, meadow and pasture. Method of pitfall traps was used for the collection of biological material. In total, there were intercepted and identified 640 individuals from 57 species and 14 families in the reporting period. In all of the habitats, species of beetles family (Carabidae) (23 species) were mostly represented, followed by family rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (11 species) and family carrion (Silphidae) (6 species). Most individuals were found at the field habitat with the numbers in total of 255 (30 species from 8 families), followed by habitat meadow with 198 individuals (36 species from 9 families) and the pasture habitat with 187 individuals (34 species from 10 families). The species spectrum of epigeal beetles was divided into groups according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic influences. Species that do not have special requirements on the quality and nature of the environment (group E) dominated in all habitats with 48 species. Total of nine species inhabiting habitats moderately affected by human activities (group R2) were found in all habitats, the least of them occurred in the field (1 species) , pasture (5 species) and at the meadow were found most (6 species). Index of anthropogenic impacts shows that these are very heavily modified habitats. When comparing individual sites, field habitat (ISD 1,67 %) was found to be the most affected. The least affected was the meadow habitat (ISD 8,34 %). As a result we can conclude that the hypothesis that organic farming has a positive impact on biodiversity was not confirmed.

Submitted by Vasti Diniz (vastijpa@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-31T13:40:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1952489 bytes, checksum: f4f1235d56f574c25d4e78678988a30b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-31T13:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1952489 bytes, checksum: f4f1235d56f574c25d4e78678988a30b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-27 / Shrimp farming is a production area that has a great representation in the aquaculture sector. It offers wide acceptance and economic interests, but its practice has been associated with major environmental and social impacts, imbuing the distrust and disapproval, and then need to invest in more consistent production models with practices that do not generate negative impacts to ecosystems. Therefore, the present study sought to develop methods and techniques for organic production system of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), along with the Fruit Growers Association of the Penha Beach Sea. For this we used a water recirculation system in which water was treated by filter layers and biological processes of two production modules, wherein the first was treated with conventional feed and the second with domestic food produced by the community. The system reached the carrying capacity similar to extensive farming systems with +/- 10 ind/m2 in both treatments. As for growth, the shrimp showed satisfactory development, reaching market size, and the organic shrimp presented the higher mean biomass (25,77g / ind). In assessing the sanitary conditions organic shrimp also had lower contamination values, then better able to sanitization and marketing. Thus, it was attested the feasibility of shrimp farming system and to choose to feed not industrialized, so free of additives, there is the production of healthier bodies and thus better quality for consumption. / A carcinicultura é uma área de produção que apresenta grande representatividade no setor aquícola. Apresenta ampla aceitação e interesse econômico, porém a sua prática vem sendo associada a grandes impactos no âmbito ambiental e social, impregnando-o de desconfiança e desaprovação, sendo então necessário investir em modelos de produção mais compatíveis com práticas que não gerem impactos negativos aos ecossistemas. Portanto, a presente pesquisa buscou desenvolver métodos e técnicas para um sistema de produção orgânica do camarão da Malásia (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), juntamente com a Associação de Produtores de Frutos do Mar da Praia da Penha. Para tanto foi utilizado um sistema de recirculação de água, no qual a água era tratada por camadas filtrantes e processos biológicos em dois módulos de produção, em que o primeiro foi tratado com ração convencional e o segundo com a ração doméstica produzida pela própria comunidade. O sistema alcançou a capacidade suporte semelhante ao de sistemas extensivos de criação com +/- 10 ind/m2 em ambos os tratamentos. Quanto ao crescimento, os camarões apresentaram desenvolvimento satisfatório, alcançando as dimensões de mercado, sendo o camarão orgânico o que apresentou a média de biomassa mais elevada (25,77g/ind). Na avaliação das condições microbiológicas o camarão orgânico também obteve menores valores de contaminação, logo melhores condições sanitárias e comercialização. Sendo assim, ficou atestado a viabilidade do sistema de cultivo do camarão e que ao optar por ração não industrializada, portanto livre de aditivos, há a produção de organismos mais saudáveis e assim de melhor qualidade para o consumo.