Sammanfattning Syfte Syftet med studien var att utvärdera effekten av lektioner på en teoretisk patientskola, utifrån patienters skattade huvudvärk, huvudvärkshanteringsförmåga, aktivitetsbegränsning samt medicinkonsumtion vid huvudvärk. I syftet ingick även att undersöka hur deltagarnas kunskap, tankar och känslor om sin huvudvärk förändrats genom deltagandet i patientskolan. Syftet var även att undersöka deltagarnas förväntningar på lektionerna och om de uppfyllts. Metod Metoden som användes var av deskriptiv design samt single-subject experimentell design med ABA-format. Sammanlagt tre deltagare följdes före, under och efter interventionen. Antal mättillfällen varierade mellan 27 och 64 tillfällen. För samtliga deltagare var både pre- och postinterventionen en vecka lång, medan interventionen varade mellan 13 och 50 dagar. Deltagare fyllde dagligen i dagboksenkäter där de svarade på frågor bland annat gällande sin huvudvärk. Resultat Den första deltagaren försämrades genom studiens gång, utifrån skattad huvudvärk, huvudvärkshanteringsförmåga, aktivitetsbegränsning samt medicinkonsumtion. Tankar och känslor rörande huvudvärk hade inte förändrats mellan studiestarten och studiens avslut men hennes förväntningar hade ändå uppfyllts. Den andra deltagaren visade ingen minskning av huvudvärk under studien. Aktivitetsbegränsningen relaterat till huvudvärk sjönk i samband med att huvudvärkshanteringsförmågan ökade. Medicinkonsumtionen var genom hela studien hög och minskade inte. Den sista deltagaren visade en tydlig minskning av huvudvärk samt grad av aktivitetsbegränsning. Huvudvärkshanteringsförmågan påverkades inte nämnvärt av deltagandet. Slutsats Då uppföljningen på studieperioden var kort blev utvärderingen av deltagandet svår att göra. En längre uppföljning på studieperioden hade varit att föredra för att kunna visa på tydligare effekter av interventionen, eftersom beteendeförändringar kan ta tid att genomföras. / Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lectures on a theoretic patient education program, regarding patients estimated headache, pain coping ability, activity limitation and drug consumption when experiencing headache. The purpose was also to investigate if the participant’s knowledge, thoughts and feelings about their headache changed through participation in the patient education program. The purpose also included to examine the participants expectations of the lectures and if these where fulfilled. Method The method used was a descriptive design as well as a single subject experimental design with an ABA-format. A total of three participants’ were monitored before, during and after the intervention. The number of measured occasions varied between 27 and 64. Pre- and postintervention was for all participants one week long, while the intervention varied between 13 and 50 days. Participants have daily filled out questionnaire diaries in which they answered questions about their headache. Results The first participant got worse throughout the study, regarding perception of headache, pain coping ability, activity limitation and drug consumption. Thoughts and feelings regarding headache did not change from the beginning of the study to its end, but her expectations was fulfilled. The second participant showed no decrease in headache during the study. Activity limitation related to headache decreased meanwhile the pain coping ability was increased. Medication consumption throughout the study was high and did not decrease. The last participant showed a distinct decrease of headache and level of activity limitation. The pain coping ability was not notably affected by the participation. Conclusion Because of the study follow up period being short the evaluation of participation was difficult to do. A longer follow up period would have been preferred to be able to show a more distinct effect of the intervention, because behavioural change often may take time to be carried out.

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only a common lung disease but is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) helps optimize function and independence by increasing exercise capacity, reducing symptoms and improving health related quality of life (HRQL). Exercise training is certainly a key component of the PR programs; however, many of its aspects still need to be better defined such as optimal exercise assessment and training modality for these patients. The general purpose of this thesis was to generate new knowledge that could contribute to new strategies for exercise assessment and training in patients with COPD. Methods and results: This thesis is comprised of four independent studies. Thigh muscle strength, endurance and fatigue were compared between 42 patients with moderate to severe COPD and 53 healthy controls (Study I). Impaired thigh muscle strength and endurance in patients with COPD was found, except for muscle strength in knee extension in male patients. Female patients had higher fatigue index than female controls while no difference was found between male patients and controls. The six-minute walk test (6MWD) performed on a non-motorized treadmill (6MWD-T) was compared with the 6MWD performed in a corridor (6MWD-C) in 16 healthy elderly subjects (Study II). They performed twelve tests (six 6MWD-C and six 6MWD-T) on two different days in a randomized order. An average discrepancy was found between the two methods with the subjects walking a shorter distance on the non-motorized treadmill. However, the results showed good test-retest reliability between days and test repetitions. A systematic review (Study III) was done of studies that investigated the effects of an arm training program in patients with COPD. The findings of this review indicated that there is evidence that an arm training program improves arm exercise capacity, but its effects on dyspnea, arm fatigue and healthy-related quality of life is unclear. Finally, a two-armed randomized controlled trial examined the effects of an arm training program on arm function, arm exercise capacity, muscle strength, symptoms and HRQL in patients with COPD (Study IV). The groups were randomized to arm training or sham. Compared with the changes observed in the control group, the magnitude of change in the intervention group was greater for arm function, arm exercise capacity and muscle strength. There was no difference between groups in HRQL or symptoms. Conclusions: Upper extremity resistance training improves arm exercise capacity, arm function and muscle strength in patients with COPD. Training and assessment of upper and lower limb muscles should be included into PR programs. The 6MWD performed on a non-motorized treadmill may offer an alternative option to the standard 6MWD when a 30-meter corridor is not available.

Tiek kasdieninėje veikloje, tiek profesionaliame sporte patiriamos traumos tiesiogiai įtakoja žmogaus gyvenimo kokybę. Dažniausiai pasitaikantys apatinių galūnių lūžiai – kulkšnies srityje (Jensen, 1998): nuo 107 iki 184 šimtui tūkstančių žmonių per metus (Lin, 2006). Juos dažniausiai patiria 25–35 metų vyrai ir vyresnės nei 50 metų moterys (Staa, 2001). Gydant abiejų kulkšnių kaulų lūžius – atstatomi kaulų lūžgaliai, stiprinami pažeisti raumenys, sausgyslės ir raiščiai, taip pat mokoma taisyklingos eisenos bei laikysenos. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas VšĮ Kauno Raudonojo Kryžiaus klinikinėje ligoninėje 2006–2008 metais. Ištirta 30 asmenų – n=22 moterys (73,3 proc.) ir n=8 vyrų (26,7 proc.), kurių amžiaus vidurkis 47±5 metai, – po abiejų kulkšnių osteosintezės. Pacientai buvo suskirstyti į dvi grupes: tiriamąją ir kontrolinę. Tiriamajai grupei buvo taikyta kineziterapija su kineziterapeuto priežiūra, fizioterapija ir masažas, jiems gulint fizinės medicinos ir reabilitacijos skyriuje (24 dienas), o kontrolinė grupė buvo apmokyta ir atlikinėjo pratimus savarankiškai, namuose. Abiejų grupių tiriamieji buvo testuojami prieš pradedant taikyti kineziterapiją, po 12 dienų, po 24 dienų ir po 8 mėnesių. Tyrimo metu buvo atlikti matavimai: pėdos tiesimas, lenkimas, sukimas į vidų, sukimas į išorę, blauzdos apimtys (sveikos ir operuotos kojos), šlaunies apimtys (sveikos ir operuotos kojos), atliktas testavimas pagal Lysholm skalę, funkcinį pėdos ir kulkšnies testą. Skausmas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Injuries sustained both in daily activity or in professional sports make direct influence on the quality of life of human being. Most often fractures of the lower limbs occur in the area of the ankle (Jensen, 1998): ankle fractures are found from 107 to 184 per one hundred thousand people annually. These fractures are most frequent among men of 25–35 years old and women over 50 years old (Staa, 2001). During the treatment of bimalleolar fractures of the ankle not only injured muscles, tendons and ligaments are fortified, fractures of bones are reconstituted but also the patients are taught how to keep good pace and posture. Methods. The analysis was performed at PI Kaunas Red Cross clinical hospital in 2006–2008. 30 persons were examined after bimalleolar osteosynthesis: n=22 women (73,3 percent.) and n=8 men (26,7 percent.), the average age being 47±5 years old. The patients were divided into two groups: research and control. Physiotherapy under the supervision of physiotherapist was applied to the research group together with massages while they were in the department of physical medicine and rehabilitation (for 24 days) as well. The control group participations were trained and instructed to performe the excercises at home, on their own. Patients of both groups were tested before the physiotherapy was applied, after 12 days, after 24 days and after 8 months. During the analysis the following measurements were taken: plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion, shin... [to full text]

Aims: The primary physiotherapeutic aims of the study were to validate a manual physiotherapy evaluation technique in the assessment of cervical biomechanical dysfunction, and to test the effectiveness of a manual physiotherapy treatment technique in the correction of cervical biomechanical dysfunction. The primary educational aims were to test the effectiveness and safety of a therapeutic exercise programme for the correction of biomechanical dysfunction as well as the effectiveness of a neck rehabilitation programme for improving neck muscle strength. Design: A four group experimental design with three pre-test - post-test groups and a control group was used for the investigation. Sample: The subjects were South African schoolboy rugby players between the ages of 15 and 18 years. Groups I and 2 presented with biomechanical dysfunction of their cervical spines, Group 3 had no biomechanical dysfunction of their cervical spines and the players of Group 4, the control group, presented with or without biomechanical dysfunction of their cervical spines. Each group consisted of 25 players. Method: Group I received manual physiotherapy with x-rays before and after treatment. Groups 2 and 3 performed a therapeutic exercise programme, with before and after x-rays, and Group 4 received no intervention between their sets of x-rays. Following the second set of x-rays all the players from Groups I, 2 and 3 performed the neck rehabilitation programme after which a third set of x-rays were taken. Results: The results validated the manual physiotherapy evaluation technique. The manual therapy treatment technique used in the treatment of Group I showed highly significant improvements in cervical biomechanical function. Results for Group 2 following the therapeutic exercise programme showed moderate practically significant improvements in cervical biomechanical dysfunction. The therapeutic exercise programme for the correction of biomechanical dysfunction was found to be very safe with only small significant changes in x-ray measurements (Group 3). The results of the control group showed a negative trend of small statistical significance. A highly significant improvement in cervical circumference as moderate significant improvement in biomechanical function was found following the neck rehabilitation programme. Conclusion: It could therefore be concluded that the manual physiotherapy evaluation technique for motion segment analysis was indeed valid in determining biomechanical dysfunction of the cervical spine. The manual physiotherapy treatment technique as well as the therapeutic exercise programme for the correction of biomechanical dysfunction was found to be effective in the correction of cervical biomechanical dysfunction. It could further be concluded that the therapeutic exercise programme was safe to be performed by players without biomechanical dysfunction. The neck rehabilitation programme was effective in improving cervical circumference as well as cervical biomechanical function. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Education))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC / N/A

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC / N/A

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC / N/A

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC / N/A

Recorded on July 27, 2007 by Eugene Barsky, Physiotherapy Outreach Librarian, UBC / N/A