Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2006. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-208).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Washington State University, May 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-208).

Thesis--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. / Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 286-298).

The period from 1921 to 1930 saw the Daily Herald come under the direct control of the organised Labour movement - jointly owned by the Labour Party and the Trades Union Congress. It seperates an earlier incarnation of independent left radicalism from a subsequent identity as a commercial daily tied to an official political line. It is a period of commercial and competitive failure - the 500,000 circulation constantly evoked as a target was only attained in times of exceptional political or industrial excitement. Reliant on movement subsidies for capital finance it was unable to match the new features and inducements - notably insurance schemes - that competitors provided in a period of rapid expansion and intense circulation battles. Editorially it was torn between the radicalism of its staff, the journalistic instinct to avoid predictability and the desire of Labour's moderate leaders for an automatically reliable supporter in the national press. As leadership pressures mounted it increasingly became the voice of the centre lecturing followers, with debate restricted - but independent instincts were never totally curbed. Failure to attract the desired mass readership cannot be wholly attributed to poverty. Initially developed as the voice of a committed, informed radical political elite it continued to reflect their interests - and would always choose to educate rather than entertain. In the absence of a mass counterculture this left it seeking a popular readership with a serious approach. Realisation that a different approach was needed to win such a readership combined with recognition that this would need capital investment beyond the means of the movement to force the partnership formed with Odhams Press in 1929, ending exclusive movement control.

Thesis (M.S.)—Boston University

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The purpose of this thesis is to study the press in Ethiopia. Ethiopia is an ancient kingdom, but very little is known about her, still less about her press. Probably there is not much to be known, for the press is still in its infancy, and source material is scarce and fragmentary. The justification for this kind of study lies in the paradoxical truth that since so little is known, so much more has to be written. An attempt of this nature has to start somewhere with the hope that the beginning would not be the end. [TRUNCATED]

This dissertation sought to determine if federal-level, post-secondary student freedom of expression case law was developing in a similar path to that at the K-12 level of education. It also investigated the ways in which a K-12, highly speech-restrictive legal standard arising from the K-12 case Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier has been utilized at the post-secondary level of education. The question of this case's applicability to post-secondary freedom of expression case law has resulted in a federal circuit court split on the matter. The U.S. Supreme Court has denied certiorari in these cases, leaving lower courts to guess as to whether or not to utilize it in decision-making. In answering these research questions, all federal-level case law found at both levels of education from 1940 to 2011 was analyzed through both traditional legal case analysis and an analytical process specifically designed for this project. The findings revealed that, for the most part, post-secondary student expression case law is, indeed, developing both substantively and at the same pace as that at the K-12 educational level. Much of this consistency is due to utilization of another K-12 freedom of expression case, Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District. This case has been highly protective of student expression at both levels of education. In regard to the second research question, this research found that one federal circuit court case declined to apply Hazelwood, indicating it was not an appropriate standard for use at the post-secondary level of education. Three federal circuit courts and one federal district court, however, have decided cases per Hazelwood. Application, however, has been neither consistent nor speech-protective. Further, it is expected that unless or until the U.S. Supreme Court rules on its applicability to post-secondary student expression, the number of cases in which it is utilized will continue to rise.

Orientador: Áureo Busetto / Banca: Célio José Losnak / Banca: José Luiz Bendicho Beired / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer e compreender historicamente como o avanço/desenvolvimento do rádio foi reportado e analisado pelas principais folhas do país, no período referente ao governo provisório e constitucional de Getúlio Vargas. Para tanto, realiza-se um recorte temporal que se inicia em 1931 - a partir da aprovação do Decreto-Lei que permitiu a concessão a particulares - e se encerra em 1937, quando são fundadas as Rádios-Tupi do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, o que seria o início da consolidação dos Diários e Emissoras Associados, maior conglomerado jornalísticos da América Latina, de propriedade do jornalista Assis Chateaubriand. Busca-se, também, compreender as ações e representações dos jornais com relação à questão da autonomia política da imprensa impressa frente às fusões jornal/rádio, então crescente nos anos de 1930. Nesse sentido, os jornais tomados para consulta foram utilizados não apenas como fonte de pesquisa, mas também como objeto de estudo por considerarmos que são produtores de acontecimentos políticos, pois influenciam a esfera política e são por esta influenciados. Buscou-se caracterizar as ideologias empregadas aos jornais analisados, bem como as implicações entre as folhas e os agentes políticos, o meio radiofônico e mesmo as relações dentro da própria empresa jornalística. Esse intento se deu para o entendimento das ações, interesses e justificativas da imprensa do eixo Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo na apreciação acerca do rádio no Brasil, sua penetração no cotidiano e suas possibilidades dentro do campo da comunicação social. Para tanto, foram pesquisados os jornais paulistas O Estado de S. Paulo, Folha da Manhã e Diário de S. Paulo e os cariocas, Jornal do Brasil, Correio da Manhã e O Globo. A imprensa foi entendida nesta pesquisa como importante agente político, responsável por intervir nos acontecimentos políticos nacionais... / Abstract: This study aims to know and understand historically as forward / radio development has been reported and analyzed by the main newspapers the country in the period relating to provisional and constitutional government of Getúlio Vargas. With a cut beginning in 1931 - from the adoption of Decree-Law which permitted the private - and ends in 1937, when they founded the Radio Tupi of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, which would be the initial consolidation of the Diaries and Broadcasters Associates largest newspaper conglomerate in Latin America, owned by the journalist Assis Chateaubriand. The aim is to also understand the actions and representations of the newspapers with the issue of political autonomy of the printed press ahead to newspaper mergers / radio, then increasing in the 1930s that sense, the papers taken for consultation were used not only as source of research, but also as an object of study because we believe are producers of political events, as they influence the political sphere and are influenced by this. We sought to characterize the ideologies employed to newspapers analyzed, as well as the relations between the leaves and the political, the radio medium and even relations inside the newspaper company. This attempt was made to understand the action, interests and justifications of the press in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in the assessment on the radio in Brazil, its penetration in daily life and its possibilities within the field of social communication. Therefore, the São Paulo newspapers were surveyed O Estado de S. Paulo, the Morning Sheet and Journal de S. Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Journal, Morning Post and The Globe. The press was understood in this research as an important political agent, responsible for intervening in national political events, influencing the acquisition of the public sphere positions as it participates and shares of political projects and worldviews linked to specific political... / Mestre