This thesis is concerned on the theme Milk and dairy products in nutrition of pupils aged 11 to 15 years. The theoretical part is based on the chemical composition of milk of general aspect and there are characterized some chosen kinds of dairy products and their effects on human health. The practical part is concerned on the research of being some statistically significant differences in consumption of milk and dairy products of the point of view of gender, age and access to milk and diary products in the families. The research is further based on the finding of the levels of probands'knowledge about the composition and the influence of milk to the human organism. The research sample is formed by 240 pupils of Secondary school in Domažlice, Komenského 17. The results show neither the gender, age or access to milk and diary products in the families do not affect the consumption of milk and dairy products of individual probands. The education unit whose aim is to increase the knowledge about milk of second graders in elementary schools is proposed on basis of identified facts.

This study is centered on childhood music education in Nigeria. Five research questions and five null hypotheses were formulated and tested in the study. A total of 313 subjects were used. The instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire on the childhood music education in Nigeria. Statistically weighted mean was used to answer the research questions and t - test was employed in testing the null hypotheses. At the end of the analysis, the following findings were made: <ul> <li>At least, 13 learning materials including both African and western musical instruments are available for teaching music in Nigerian primary schools. Up to 10 learning strategies were identified by the music teachers and music educators to be among the ones that could be utilized to ensure fruitful and effective acquisition of musical knowledge by the pupils in Nigeria.</li> <li>The perception of music educators and music teachers on the methodology that can best be utilized to ensure fruitful and effective acquisition of musical knowledge by the pupils at primary school level of education in Nigeria do not differ significantly.</li> <li>There is no significant difference between the music teachers and music educators’ perception on the adequacy of delivery of the music staff and learning situations in Nigerian primary schools.</li> </ul> Based on these findings a number of recommendations for improvement of the music education in Nigerian primary schools have been made. In addition to the sample teaching and learning programme, the original contribution of this study is explored in chapter six. This chapter offers lesson plans designed for grade II music teachers in primary schools in Nigeria. This programme was conducted and performed in one of the primary schools in the study area and ended with twelve contacts with pupils. (a digital video disk is attached to the thesis). / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Music / unrestricted

This diploma thesis deals with an analysis of value added tax (VAT) development in the European Union from two points of view -- from the point of view of legislation development and from the point of view of development of true indicators. My goal was to find out, if the tax systems in the member states of the EU in the period from 1995 to 2010 became closer due to harmonization. In the first part, I try to explain the main principle of VAT and also how this tax works. In the following chapter I focus on the development of legislation concerning VAT in the EU from year 1995 to year 2013. Development of true figures (such as reduced VAT rates, standard rates, implicit tax rates on consumption, and value added tax-to-GDP ratio) is essential for achieving the goal. I devoted chapter three to this topic. In the last part of my work I find out (using statistical software Statgraphics), if the above mentioned figures became approximate or not.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyze the system of taxation of alcoholic beverages in the Scandinavian countries. The main aim of this thesis is to compare the taxation of alcoholic beverages in the Nordic countries with taxation in the rest of the European Union. The first part is theoretical and focuses on defining the concepts of tax competition, tax harmonization and coordination. It also includes harmonization of excise duties on alcoholic beverages based on the Directives of the European Union. The second part relates to the consumption of alcoholic beverages and deals with the historical aspect, changes in consumption patterns and the level of consumption in the Nordic countries. The third part deals with the taxation of alcoholic beverages, its development and differences in the Nordic countries compared with other countries of the European Union. In the second and the third part is carried out data analysis through statistical hypothesis testing and calculation of the coefficient of variation. The fourth part contains the evaluation. The thesis is peformed using descriptive, research, analytical and comparative methods and methods of mathematical statistics. The main outcome of this thesis is the finding that in all kinds of examined alcohol except spirits there is a different (for still wine and intermediate products even very different) level of taxation in the Nordic countries and other countries of the European Union.

The purpose of this study was: (1) to evaluate the level of grief experienced by healthcare providers in a pediatric subacute facility, (2) to compare the levels of grief between different groups of healthcare providers (Certified Nurses' Aides, Licensed Nurses, and Respiratory Care Practitioners), and (3) to describe the personality/demographic factors that influence a healthcare provider's ability to cope effectively with compound grief.

In this study, I consider the performance of simple forecast models frequently applied in counterfactual analysis when the information at hand is limited. Furthermore, I discuss the robustness of the standard t-test commonly used to statistically detect cartels. I empirically verify that the standard t-statistics encompasses parameter estimation uncertainty when one of the time series in a two-sided t-test has been estimated. Thereafter, I compare the results with those from a corrected t-test, recently proposed, where the uncertainty has been accounted for. The results from the study show that a simple OLS-model can be used to detect a cartel and to compute a counterfactual price when data is limited, at least as long as the price overcharge inflicted by the cartel members is relatively large. Yet, the level of accuracy may vary and at a point where the data used for estimating the model become relatively limited, the model predictions tend to be inaccurate.

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This research explored the impact of a sixth grade one-to-one laptop initiative on student attitudes about learning and technological competencies. The study compared student preintervention and postintervention survey data prior to and after a sixth grade laptop intervention initiative. The survey responses were divided into 5 dimensions (School Subject Attitudes, Teaching and Learning Preferences, Computer Use Perceptions, Technology Skills, and Personal Attitudes and Behaviors) on both pre- and postsurveys. District means were compared with preintervention and postintervention data, as well as the means from the 5 dimensions, using a one-sample t-test with a midpoint test value of 3 on a 5-point scale. Ninety students participated in the preintervention survey and 93 students participated in the postintervention survey across 3 schools. The findings indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in student responses in 4 of the 5 dimensions except Teaching and Learning Preferences. Overall the findings on the 2 dimensions related to technological competencies had statistically significant scores on the postintervention survey, whereas the findings on 2 of the 3 sections related to student attitudes about learning had statistically significant scores. In conclusion, generally the laptop intervention initiative had an overall positive impact on student attitudes and technological competencies. The researcher concluded that the timing of the postsurvey, as well as the research taking place during the first year of implementation could have had an impact on the Teaching and Learning Preferences results. Examining the impact of one-to-one initiatives on student attitudes about learning and technological competencies could support districts in making the decision of adopting this technology.

Natural hazards are an important way for individuals to experience consequences of climate change. It has therefore been suggested that natural hazards could act as opportunities to increase individuals’ concerns about, and willingness to act on, climate change. The empirical evidence within the field is however mixed. Moreover, the research field is drawn back by methodological shortcomings, as studies rarely have been able to make valid pre-hazard assessments. A more accurate estimation of a possible causal effect is enabled in this study, as a survey mapping climate change opinions was conducted in Germany when the country was hit by a rare and severe hazard event, namely the European Floods. This provides an opportunity to examine the effect of hazard exposure on individuals’ levels of climate change concerns and willingness to adopt climate change-related actions. Three sets of hypotheses are tested using two-sample t-tests. The findings suggest that natural hazards have limited potential to act as teachable moments; climate change concerns may increase, but not willingness to take action. Political ideology is found to slightly moderate the effect between hazard exposure and climate change concerns, but only among right-leaning individuals. These findings make an important contribution to a mixed research field.

This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon of adverse selection of its presence and potential short-term impact on the Swedish stock market. Adverse selection refers to a situation where information asymmetry among market participants might lead to potential imbalances in information and unfairness among all market participants. The primary objective of this paper is to determine and analyze the potential existence of adverse selection and to explore its effects on the short-term trading volume before announcements.  This study's research design and approach are through data collection, to analyze the relationship between traded volume and disclosures. Five highly traded stocks, Atlas Copco AB, Evolution AB, Swedbank AB, Hexagon AB and AB Volvo are selected for the analysis, representing different sectors. A historical data analysis method and event studies are being used to identify abnormal fluctuations in trading volume before announcements. Data on volume and stock prices are collected over one year, between 11 May 2022 - 11 May 2023. By utilizing various statistical methods and econometric techniques, abnormal volume fluctuations before announcements could be measured and analyzed.  This paper concludes the existence of short-term adverse selection on the Swedish stock market cannot confidently be determined considering this analysis only, as indicated by nonsignificant abnormal fluctuations in the short-term trading volume before announcements. However, the results of the data collection in the period between 11 May 2022 - 11 May 2023, on five high-market capitalization companies, still emphasize and illuminate the importance of ensuring and maintaining efficient and fair markets.