This paper describes the tension between intuition about number theory and attempts to formalize it. I will first examine the root of the dilemma, Godel's First Incompleteness Theorem, which demonstrates that in any reasonable formalization of number theory, there will be independent statements. After proving the theorem, I consider some of its consequences on intuition, focusing on Freiling's "Dart Experiment" which is based on our usual notion of the real numbers as a line. This experiment gives an apparent refutation of the Axiom of Choice and the Continuum Hypothesis; however, it also leads to an equally apparent paradox. I conclude that such paradoxes are inevitable as the formalization of mathematics takes us further from our initial intuitions.

Atonement theologies of salvation are problematic for suffering victims, which calls for a change in how we imagine God and view salvation today. A distorted image of God and God's salvation deprives those in distress of finding consolation, healing, and agency through their faith. I apply a feminist critical hermeneutic of liberation that reveals that the application of CDH can accommodate violence and other forms of evil against the marginalized, women, and the natural world. It is necessary to find metaphors for God that can offer spiritual sustenance to those who suffer and reimagine an alternate idea of God's salvation. Understanding God's deliverance as accompaniment, mediated through a loving community, is one pastoral approach to responding to the suffering in our world today.

Orientador: Ricardo Pereira Tassinari / Banca: José Eduardo Marques Baioni / Banca: Pedro Geraldo Aparecido Novelli / Resumo: Nossos objetos de pesquisa são as definições do Absoluto tal como elaboradas por Hegel na Enciclopédia das Ciências Filosóficas em Compêndio (1830). Podemos observar, ao longo da história da filosofia, os intentos de diversos filósofos em explicitar o sentido da totalidade. Tal sentido último recebe a denominação de "Absoluto" na filosofia hegeliana. Como um profundo conhecedor da história da filosofia e autor de um complexo sistema filosófico que se propõe a abarcar o todo, Hegel vê nos esforços de filósofos que se sucederam ao longo do tempo o desenvolvimento de uma única Filosofia, cujo objeto é o Absoluto, apreendido temporalmente em uma História do Pensar pelas diversas filosofias. Hegel considera que o Absoluto também pode ser apreendido em uma História interior própria, cujos graus lógicos originam-se uns dos outros tais quais as diferentes filosofias se sucederam ao longo do tempo. Nesse sentido, cada grau lógico possibilita uma definição do Absoluto, que também foi assim apreendido ao longo da história da filosofia em algum momento de seu desenvolvimento. No primeiro capítulo desta dissertação, justificamos a escolha da Enciclopédia como obra principal a ser analisada, indicamos quais são as definições presentes e as suas respectivas localizações no corpo do texto, e explicitamos a compreensão que Hegel tem acerca da definição, questionando o sentido e propondo uma solução à possibilidade de várias definições acerca do mesmo objeto. Além disso, indicamos a definição ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Our objects of inquiry are the definitions of the Absolute as elaborated by Hegel in the Encyclopaedia of Philosophical Sciences in Compendium (1830). Throughout the history of philosophy we can observe the attempts of various philosophers to make explicit the meaning of the totality. This ultimate meaning is called the "Absolute" in Hegel's philosophy. As a profound connoisseur of the history of philosophy and author of a complex philosophical system which proposes to embrace the whole, Hegel sees in the efforts of philosophers who have succeeded in the course of time the development of a single Philosophy whose object is the Absolute, which was temporarily seized in a History of Thinking by the various philosophies. Hegel considers that the Absolute can also be apprehended in an internal History of its own, whose logical degrees originate from each other such that different philosophies have succeeded each other over time. In this sense, each logical degree enables a definition of the Absolute, which was also thus apprehended throughout the history of philosophy at some point in its development. In the first chapter of this dissertation, we justify the choice of the Encyclopaedia as the main work to be analyzed, we indicate the present definitions and their respective locations in the body of the text, and we explain Hegel's understanding of the definition, questioning the meaning and proposing a solution to the possibility of various definitions about the same Absolute. In... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a debilitating symptom of psychosis. It is linked to functional deficits and generally demonstrates poor response to interventions. Metacognition has emerged as a potential therapeutic target that may be effective in reducing FTD, as metacognitive deficits and FTD both arise from disruptions in associative thought processes. This study’s primary aim was to determine whether FTD could be reduced with metacognitive therapy. Pre-post changes in FTD severity were assessed using clinician-rated and automated measures in 20 individuals with psychotic disorders who received 12 sessions of evidence-based metacognitive therapy. We also examined whether reductions in FTD were larger when assessed with automated instruments versus clinician-rated measures. Aim two compared associations between FTD and three outcome variables (social functioning, role functioning, metacognition) across FTD-measurement approach. Results indicated that automated FTD, but not clinician-rated FTD, was significantly reduced post-intervention. This effect was more robust within a subsample exhibiting greater levels of FTD. Strength of associations between FTD and outcome variables did not differ across FTD measurement approach. These findings provide initial evidence that a targeted metacognitive intervention can reduce FTD. Effects were strongest for automated instruments, which may be more sensitive to detecting change; however, differences in measurement type did not extend to associations with selected outcome variables. This study provides preliminary support for future efforts to reduce FTD. Large-scale studies with longer intervention periods may further our understanding of the effectiveness of metacognitive intervention on FTD.

Student Number : 8800092K - MSc research report - School of Education - Faculty of Science / This research report explored the strategies which grade 12 learners employ to solve geometric problems. The purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of how grade 12 learners begin to solve geometric problems involving cyclic quadrilateral and tangent theorems. A case study method was used as the main research method. The study employed the van Hiele level’s of geometric thought as a method for categorising learners levels of understanding. Data about the strategies which learners recruit to solve geometric problems were gathered using learner-based tasks, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. From the data gathered, the following patterns emerged: learners incorrect use of theorems to solve geometrical problems; learners base their responses on the visual appearance of the diagram; learners “force “ a solution when one is not available; learners’ views of proof. Each of these aspects is discussed. The report concludes that learners strategies to solving geometric problems are based largely on the manner in which educators approach the solving of geometrical problems.

The current study employed the self-validation hypothesis (Petty, Brinol, & Tormala, 2002) to test how thought confidence affects individuals’ responses to social norms regarding gay rights. After measuring their gay rights attitudes and thought confidence, participants took part in a discussion where they faced groups that either opposed their position on gay rights unanimously or non-unanimously (i.e., 4 opposing confederates vs. 3 opposing confederates and one supporting confederate). Those who were anti-gay rights conformed more than those pro, particularly when facing unanimous opposition. Thought confidence reduced the effects of normative pressure on conformity, but only in those who were anti-gay rights. Attitude change was reduced for anti-gay rights people with high thought confidence, but only when a supporting confederate was present. These results suggest that thought confidence affects resistance to social norms in people who are anti-gay rights whereas pro-gay rights people resist regardless of their level of thought confidence.

No description available.

No description available.

[pt] O objetivo desta tese é analisar a perspectiva intelectual de Henry Kissinger sobre as relações internacionais - os fundamentos de sua filosofia da grande estratégia internacional - e a articulação dessa perspectiva com um caso central de sua prática diplomática: a formação do triângulo estratégico entre os EUA, a China e a URSS. / [en] This thesis is an analysis of Henry Kissinger s intellectual outlook on international relations - the roots of his philosophy of international grand strategy - and its connection to a central case in his diplomatic practice: the designing of a strategic triangle between the USA, China, and the USSR.

No description available.