Metal foams and wire meshes are open cell structures with low weight and density, high permeability and high thermal conductivity which make them attractive for a wide range of industrial applications involving fluid flow and heat transfer. In this study, the effect of natural convection, radiation and heat transfer enhancement of metal foams and wire meshes of 10 and 40 PPI (pores per inch) heat exchangers were examined and compared for different heat exchanger orientation, coolant flow rate and atmosphere temperature. Thermal spray coating processes were also used in development of a new class of high temperature stainless steel heat exchangers. Stainless steel wire mesh heat exchangers were prototyped by connecting the tube to the wire mesh using wire arc thermal spray coating. Thermal spray coating provided efficient connections between the wire mesh and the tubes’ outer surface, and has potential to replace expensive brazing or other metal connection techniques.

O presente trabalho descreve os resultados obtidos a partir de análises do processo de trefilação de arames e posterior recozimento destes em forno de chumbo. Baseado na metodologia DOE, busca-se o entendimento da ocorrência do arraste de chumbo proveniente dos arames recozidos, com o objetivo de minimizar este problema. Amostras de arame foram coletadas diretamente em máquinas de trefila e em linha de galvanização e submetidas a ensaios de verificação da rugosidade superficial e suas implicações no arraste de chumbo, baseadas em variáveis como velocidade da linha, diâmetro do arame, temperatura do banho de chumbo, capacidade térmica da cuba, condição superficial do arame, rugosidade do arame e limpeza superficial do arame. Foram propostas alternativas para minimizar o arraste de chumbo buscando o aumento do desempenho em máquinas de trefila e do recozimento emlinha de galvanização. / The present work describe the experiments carried out based on the wire drawing process analysis and later annealing on lead furnace on a galvanizing line. Using D.O.E methodology, the aim is to understand the occurrence of lead entrainment originating from the annealed wires in order to decrease this problem. Wire samples were collected from wire drawing machines and galvanizing line and submitted to surface roughness analysis and its implications on lead drag out based on wire speed, wire diameter, lead bath temperature, thermal capacity of the lead kettle, wire surface condition, wire roughness and wire superficial cleanliness. Proposals to decrease lead drag out were made in order to increase wire drawing machines and galvanizing line performance.

O presente trabalho descreve os resultados obtidos a partir de análises do processo de trefilação de arames e posterior recozimento destes em forno de chumbo. Baseado na metodologia DOE, busca-se o entendimento da ocorrência do arraste de chumbo proveniente dos arames recozidos, com o objetivo de minimizar este problema. Amostras de arame foram coletadas diretamente em máquinas de trefila e em linha de galvanização e submetidas a ensaios de verificação da rugosidade superficial e suas implicações no arraste de chumbo, baseadas em variáveis como velocidade da linha, diâmetro do arame, temperatura do banho de chumbo, capacidade térmica da cuba, condição superficial do arame, rugosidade do arame e limpeza superficial do arame. Foram propostas alternativas para minimizar o arraste de chumbo buscando o aumento do desempenho em máquinas de trefila e do recozimento emlinha de galvanização. / The present work describe the experiments carried out based on the wire drawing process analysis and later annealing on lead furnace on a galvanizing line. Using D.O.E methodology, the aim is to understand the occurrence of lead entrainment originating from the annealed wires in order to decrease this problem. Wire samples were collected from wire drawing machines and galvanizing line and submitted to surface roughness analysis and its implications on lead drag out based on wire speed, wire diameter, lead bath temperature, thermal capacity of the lead kettle, wire surface condition, wire roughness and wire superficial cleanliness. Proposals to decrease lead drag out were made in order to increase wire drawing machines and galvanizing line performance.

O presente trabalho descreve os resultados obtidos a partir de análises do processo de trefilação de arames e posterior recozimento destes em forno de chumbo. Baseado na metodologia DOE, busca-se o entendimento da ocorrência do arraste de chumbo proveniente dos arames recozidos, com o objetivo de minimizar este problema. Amostras de arame foram coletadas diretamente em máquinas de trefila e em linha de galvanização e submetidas a ensaios de verificação da rugosidade superficial e suas implicações no arraste de chumbo, baseadas em variáveis como velocidade da linha, diâmetro do arame, temperatura do banho de chumbo, capacidade térmica da cuba, condição superficial do arame, rugosidade do arame e limpeza superficial do arame. Foram propostas alternativas para minimizar o arraste de chumbo buscando o aumento do desempenho em máquinas de trefila e do recozimento emlinha de galvanização. / The present work describe the experiments carried out based on the wire drawing process analysis and later annealing on lead furnace on a galvanizing line. Using D.O.E methodology, the aim is to understand the occurrence of lead entrainment originating from the annealed wires in order to decrease this problem. Wire samples were collected from wire drawing machines and galvanizing line and submitted to surface roughness analysis and its implications on lead drag out based on wire speed, wire diameter, lead bath temperature, thermal capacity of the lead kettle, wire surface condition, wire roughness and wire superficial cleanliness. Proposals to decrease lead drag out were made in order to increase wire drawing machines and galvanizing line performance.

Reinforced concrete shear walls as seismic force resisting systems may experience inelastic deformations if subjected to strong seismic excitations. These walls are designed to provide strength, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity and lateral drift control for seismic resistance. Shear wall deformability is largely dependent on adequate confinement of core concrete in boundary elements, prevention of longitudinal bar buckling, as well as proper design and detailing of the web section. Conventional transverse reinforcement placed in shear wall boundary elements consists of hoops, overlapping hoops and crossties, based on the geometry and number of longitudinal bars used. The confinement steel requirement of current building codes (ACI 318 or CSA A23.3) often results in congestion of steel cage due to the high transverse reinforcement ratio required. Placing multiple hoops with 135-degree bends combined with crossties to satisfy the code confinement requirements can create concrete placement and construction problems. In addition, the required time to assemble conventional steel cages with multiple individual ties per spacing can be time consuming, potentially impacting the overall cost and duration of construction. Welded Wire Reinforcement (WWR) is available in the construction industry as concrete reinforcement in the form of welded wire fabric (WWF) manufactured from relatively small diameter wires in comparison to the bar sizes typically used in structural applications. As an alternative to using conventional transverse hoops, prefabricated WWR grids can be used to provide required transverse reinforcement in boundary elements. WWR grids are manufactured using robots to weld cut steel pieces accurately before they are shipped to the job site, resulting in better construction quality and reduced construction time. However, research on the use of WWR is limited in the literature. Further experimental and analytical research is needed to establish design requirements for such reinforcement, especially when used in earthquake resistant construction with requirements for ductile response. The current research project, involved three main phases; i) tests of 3 large-scale reinforced concrete shear walls with WWR grids used as boundary element transverse reinforcement, ii) material tests of grid samples, including those cast in concrete, iii) non-linear finite element analysis. The wall tests were conducted under slowly-applied lateral deformation reversals to investigate their strength and ductility for suitability as seismic resistant structural elements. Material tests were conducted to have a better understanding of WWR behavior, especially their weld capacity. Analytical research was undertaken to expand the experimental findings on shear wall behavior, as well as to conduct parametric investigation to understand the impact of changes in grid strength and ductility. The results indicated that WWR grids can be used as boundary element transverse reinforcement in earthquake resistant shear wall. However, strength and ductility of grids should be established carefully prior to such application. Design strength of WWR grids should be established through burst tests to ensure ductile yielding of wire reinforcement prior to premature weld failure. Those grids that exhibit weld failures may be used with reduced design strength to permit the development of sufficient inelastic deformability in flexure-dominant shear walls.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Capacitance and conductance measurements using two and four wire techniques were developed and statically and dynamically calibrated in this thesis. The voltage sensitivities range from 7.3 to 8.1 ± 0.1 mV/cm for the two wire capacitance system static calibrations. This is ± 5.2% of the limiting theoretical value. The voltage sensitivities range from 0.3 to 0.4 ± 0.1 V/cm for the four wire conductance system static calibrations. Dynamic calibrations were only completed for the conductance system. The dynamic calibration results were weakly frequency dependent with a qj-0.15 decay in a limited, 2-4 Hz range. Wind power spectrum measurements were taken in the existing Upper Ocean Simulations Facility at the Naval Postgraduate School. There was excellent agreement in the spectra with both techniques. Driven gravity wave frequency downshifting and wind energy dumping was observed in the combined gravity wave and wind-wave measurements. The power spectra peaked near two Hertz and decayed at 50 to 70 dB per decade, or as CO -5 to G)" 7 for both systems. Gravity wave phase speed and wavelength measurements were performed with the capacitance system. The results were approximately 40% higher than theory. / http://archive.org/details/developmentcalib00yarb

This diploma thesis deals with covers design and realisation of device for multipoint temperature measuring in fotovoltaic systems. As a controlling microcomputer is used Atmel ATMega128L, temperature sensors are realised by DS18S20 digital thermometers, connected via 1-wire bus. System can read temperature from x temperature sensors, includes memory for measured data, real time clock and display with buttons for basic user control. Temperatures are measured periodically, values are stored into internal memory and showed on display.Measured data can also be transferred via seriál bus to clinent PC. Device is projected as a battery-operated compact tool. The final realization is made with respect to minimal system requirements and to possible future extensibility for wider usage spectrum.

This work deals with a theoretical analysis of contacting semiconductor chips using wire-bonding method. There are mentioned basic types of chips packages and their contacts. In the thesis is also described software Ansys. The number of the mechanical stress and deformation simulation within micro-wire during thermocompress process were made.

The work deals with the technology of electrical discharge machining using a wire electrode. Described are machines, tools, wire electrode cutting parameters and advantages of this technology. The aim of the work is to quantify the cutting area with respect to dimensional accuracy, make an analysis of surface layer state and quality after wire cutting, and describe factors affecting this layer. In particular, emphasis is put on tool steel cutting.

Målet med detta arbete var att ta fram ett nytt trådmagasin till Sund Birstas α-kompaktor som är bättre ur ett säkerhets- samt ekonomiskt perspektiv. En kompaktor är en bindmaskin som komprimerar och binder samman valstrådrullar för att förhindra trassel samt underlätta förvararing och fraktning. Trådmagasinets huvudsakliga uppgift är att hålla kompaktorns bindtråd konstant sträckt för att förhindra att trassel uppstår bakom kompaktorn. Under arbetets konceptgenereringsfas togs delkoncept fram för ackumulering av tråd, lyftmekanismer samt förflyttningsmekanisker. Därefter togs 12 helhetskoncept fram som utvärderades först vid ett seminarium med Sund Birsta för att få värdefulla insikter kring koncepten. Därefter utvärderades koncepten med en Pughs-matris där koncepten jämfördes utifrån kriterier från Sund Birsta samt krav från kravspecifikationen. Det koncept som valdes ut från utvärderingen är en konstruktion som tillåter att användaren trär tråden igenom magasinet från golvnivå samt bidrar till en sänkning med 33% på kraften kompaktorns matarverk matar tråden med. En elmotor hjälper till att hålla tråden sträckt samt ladda magasinet genom att lyfta upp två rörliga brythjul. Det slutgiltiga konceptet utvecklades ytterligare för att kunna möjliggöra att allt arbete ska ske från golvnivå och därmed öka säkerheten. En CAD-modell togs slutligen fram för att illustrera konceptets utformning och funktion. / The goal of this project was to develop a new wire magazine for Sund Birsta´s α-compactor that is better from a safety and economical perspective. A coil compactor is a binding machine that compresses and binds together rod wire coils to prevent tangling and facilitate storage and transportation. The wire magazines main task is to keep the compactor’s binding wire constantly tense to prevent tangling from occuring behind the compactor. During the projects concept generation phase, subconcepts for lifting mechanisms, accumulation of wire and movement mechanisms was sketched. Thereafter 12 overall concepts was developed which was evaluated first at a seminar with Sund Birsta to gain valueble knowledge regarding the concepts. The concepts was thereafter evaluated with a Pughs-matrix where the concepts was compared with each other regarding to how well they met the demands set by Sund Birsta and from the requirements specification. The concept which was chosen from the evaluation is a construction which lets the user pull the wire through the magazine from ground level, and it lowers the force required for the compactor´s feeding unit with 33%. A electric motor helps keeping the wire tense and load the magazine by lifting up two movable wire wheels.