The liquid crystal displays itself has a lot of advantages, such as thin thickness, slight weight and high brightness, etc. It is an important target for many engineers to develop the high brightness, uniformity, low power consumption and thin backlight module. Due to the temperature raising of the cold cathode fluorescence lamp (CCFL) in a backlight module of a LCD under long-term lighting state, the micro-optic-structure will deform and cause an uneven luminance phenomenon. In this research, was provided a method of creating a model with thermal deformation and how to draw this model by using PRO/EINGINEER. Then, one can transform the model into the optical software, ASAP, to make optical analysis. Finally, the thermal module can be studied.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4817821 bytes, checksum: 0e01a04cb66fa461b85802952c8cab7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the processes of manufacturing machine tools play an important role particularly in the manufacture of parts of complex geometries. Currently the requirements for high dimensional and geometric accuracy during the machining process require small dimensional tolerances. Much of the errors of a machine tool are those which are thermally induced from the heat sources internal and external factors acting on the machine, thus causing thermal deformations in its structure. In this paper, we present a methodology for determining and analyzing the thermal deformation of machine tools using finite element method (FEM) and artificial neural networks (ANN). After molding machine using FEM, and defining the location of the heat source were obtained the temperature gradient of the machine and the corresponding thermal deformation at predetermined periods. Results obtained with simulations using the software NX.7.5 and the measurement principle of the Ballbar system, showed that this methodology is an effective tool in determining the thermal deformation of the machine, correlating the temperature reading at strategic points with volumetric deformation at the tool tip. Allowing then the thermal analysis of the errors in the pair tool part. Additionally, these results were used to train an ANN. The parameters of "learning" network under conditions of transient contours, allowed the network training. After training and validation set, she will be able to make the prediction of thermal errors just stating the temperature values of specific points of each heat source. This methodology will contribute to the designs of machine tools with high accuracy and thermal stability, but also provide for compensation of thermally induced errors. / Nos processos de manufatura as máquinas-ferramenta desempenham um papel importantíssimo em particular na fabricação de peças de geometrias complexas. Atualmente as exigências por alta exatidão geométrica e dimensional durante o processo de usinagem exigem pequenas tolerâncias dimensionais. Grande parte dos erros de uma máquina-ferramenta são aqueles termicamente induzidos os quais são provenientes das fontes de calor internas e externas que agem sobre a máquina, causando assim deformações térmicas na sua estrutura. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma metodologia para determinação e análise dos deslocamentos térmicos das máquinas-ferramenta usando o método de elementos finitos (MEF) e redes neurais artificiais (RNA). Após a modelagem da máquina, usando MEF, e a definição da localização das fontes de calor foram obtidas o gradiente de temperatura da máquina e as correspondentes deformações térmicas em períodos preestabelecidos. Resultados obtidos com simulações usando o software NX.7.5 e o princípio de medição do sistema Ballbar, mostraram que a metodologia desenvolvida é uma ferramenta eficaz na determinação das deformações térmicas da máquina, correlacionando a leitura de temperatura em pontos estratégicos com as deformações volumétricas na ponta da ferramenta. Permitindo então, a análise dos erros térmicos no par peça-ferramenta. Adicionalmente estes resultados foram usados para treinar uma RNA. Os parâmetros de ―aprendizado‖ da rede, mediante condições de contornos transientes, permitiram o treinamento da rede. Após o treinamento e validação da rede, ela é capaz de fazer a previsão dos erros térmicos apenas informando os valores das temperaturas dos pontos específicos de cada fonte de calor. Esta metodologia desenvolvida contribuirá para os projetos de máquina-ferramentas com alto grau de exatidão e estabilidade térmica, como também permitirá a compensação dos erros termicamente induzidos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo.pdf: 35261 bytes, checksum: 5c14dd5939481fe398edfb044903a091 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper presents a study on the linear thermal expansion of foundry sands used as aggregates in foundry cores with resin phenolic-urethane/Cold Box. The work examines the correlation between thermal expansion of the sand and hot deformation tendency of the core during the casting process. The hot deformation tendency has important technological significance, because it affects the dimensional quality of the casting. It was tested three silica sands, one chromite sand, two types of based aluminum silicates sands and two types of blended minerals. The sands were characterized for particle size distribution, loss on ignition, AFS clay content, density, permeability, pH, acid demand, specific surface area, coefficient of angularity, chemical analysis, XRD, shape and surface of the grains and linear thermal expansion. The dilatometer test was done with loose unbonded sands. The sand was placed into an alumina sample holder and inserted into the dilatometer. The hot deformation tendency of the core was performed with two tests: first, using an experimental iron casting and second a hot distortion laboratory test, in which the test specimen was subjected to heating by a flame. It was verified that the hot deformation tendency is directly correlated to the thermal expansion of the sand. The higher the thermal expansion of the sand used to make cores the more susceptible it is to hot deformation. / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a influência da expansão térmica linear das areias de fundição utilizadas para a confecção de machos com resina fenólicauretânica/ Cold Box sobre a tendência à deformação a quente dos machos durante o processo de fundição das peças. A tendência à deformação a quente dos machos tem grande importância tecnológica, porque isto afeta diretamente a qualidade dimensional das peças fundidas. Foram ensaiadas três areias de sílica, uma areia de cromita, duas areias à base de silicato de alumínio, dois compostos de minerais. As areias foram caracterizadas quanto à distribuição granulométrica, perda ao fogo, teor de argila AFS, densidades solta e relativa, permeabilidade, pH, demanda ácida, superfície específica, coeficiente de angularidade, análise química, difratometria de raios-X, formato e superfície dos grãos e expansão térmica linear. O ensaio de dilatometria das areias foi realizado em corpos de provas não ligados com aglomerantes, ou seja, a areia foi acondicionada em um porta-amostra de alumina e este foi inserido no dilatômetro. Foram executados dois ensaios de tendência à deformação a quente dos machos: o ensaio de corpo de prova fundido e o ensaio de distorção a quente em laboratório, onde o corpo de prova (macho) é submetido a um aquecimento por chama. Verificou-se que a tendência à deformação a quente dos machos tem correlação direta com a expansão térmica da areia. Quanto maior a expansão térmica da areia utilizada para a confecção do macho mais suscetível ele estará à deformação a quente.

This master thesis deals with passive compensation of a thermal deformation for a binder of portal machining center. The problem is solved by computational modeling with finite element method using ANSYS Workbench software. Afterwards mathematical optimization (also using ANSYS Workbench software) is used for finding binder parameters in order to reduce thermal deformation and its weight. The output is two new versions of binder which are compared to the original configuration.

Les garnitures mécaniques sont des composants d'étanchéité d'arbres tournants. Elles sont constituées de deux surfaces planes annulaires dont le contact est lubrifié par le fluide à étancher.L'opération de recherche « Jointlub » du département D3 de l'institut P' a développé des outils de simulation du comportement des garnitures par des méthodes analytiques, semi analytiques et numériques. En s'appuyant sur ces acquis, l'objectif de cette thèse vise à définir une méthodologie d'analyse préalable permettant l'optimisation de la modélisation du fonctionnement d'une garniture mécanique en fonction de la solution technologique choisie. Ceci consiste à proposer un procédé de choix d'outils de modélisation parmi les principaux types existants.Un ensemble d'indicateurs et de critères est développé afin de déterminer les phénomènes physiques prépondérants lors du fonctionnement d'une garniture dans des conditions données. Le modèle retenu pour la simulation devra prendre en compte les phénomènes identifiés.Des validations expérimentales ont été réalisées pour une garniture mécanique opérant dans différents régimes de fonctionnement. Une étude de l'évolution de la topographie des faces de frottement, du couple de frottement, du débit de fuite et du comportement thermique ont été effectués. Les expériences ont montré que le comportement des garnitures dépend fortement du régime de lubrification : mixte, hydrodynamique ou thermo-élasto-hydrodynamique.Les modèles théoriques ont été comparés aux résultats expérimentaux. Une bonne corrélation est obtenue dans leur domaine de validité, défini à partir des indicateurs. Des écarts plus importants sont observés lorsque les modèles sont utilisés dans des zones où ils ne prennent pas en compte l'ensemble des phénomènes physiques. Cette comparaison a montré que les indicateurs et critères de la méthode de choix proposée sont pertinents et permettent une bonne identification des phénomènes physiques à prendre en compte. / Mechanical face seals are sealing components for rotating shafts. It basically consists of two annular flat surfaces lubricated with a very thin film of sealed fluid.The "Seals lubrication" group of the Pprime institute has developed different modeling tools of mechanical face seals behavior by analytical, semi analytical and numerical methods. The objective of this thesis is to define a preliminary methodology to optimize the modeling of the mechanical seal taking into account the seal design. This analysis provides a suggestion of modeling tools among the existing types. A set of indicators and criteria are developed to determine the dominating physical phenomena during the operation of the seal under given conditions. The selected modeling tools should take into account the identified phenomena. Experimental validations were performed for a mechanical seal working in different operating conditions. Studies of the evolution of the friction faces topography, the friction torque, the leakage rate and the thermal effect were carried out. Experiments have shown that the behavior of the mechanical seal strongly depends on the lubrication regime: mixed, hydrodynamic and thermo-elasto-hydrodynamic.Theoretical models were compared with experimental results. A good correlation is obtained into their range of validity defined with preliminary analysis. Larger differences are observed when the models are used in conditions where unconsidered physical phenomena occur. This comparison showed that the indicators and criteria of the proposed method of choice are relevant and allows a good identification of the physical phenomena that should be taken into account.

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