Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T13:46:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Aparecida Correia Bento - 2018.pdf: 3915998 bytes, checksum: 02825a5c8f16825aad6955538d1369a8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T15:06:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Aparecida Correia Bento - 2018.pdf: 3915998 bytes, checksum: 02825a5c8f16825aad6955538d1369a8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T15:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Juliana Aparecida Correia Bento - 2018.pdf: 3915998 bytes, checksum: 02825a5c8f16825aad6955538d1369a8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cochlospermum regium, a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado, known as “Algodãozinho-do- campo”, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of infections and inflammation. Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell Arg is a plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado, and popularly known as "Batata-de-teiú". There is a lack of scientific knowledge about the physico-chemical and technological aspects of Jatropha elliptic and its possible applications, in foods and or medicines. Hedychium coronarium Koen, native to Nepal, is considered an invasive plant in Brazil, as it presents rapid and negative growth for plant biodiversity. Rhizomes are man-made due to their medicinal properties, such as the treatment of headache, cancer and inflammation, but it can also be a potential source for starch extraction. Algodãozinho-do-campo, Batata-de-teiú and lírio-do-brejo are rhizomatous plants with the potential to obtain starch and flour. The objective of this work was to contribute with unpublished data on the characterization of flour and starch with a probable functional value, extracted from Hedychium coronarium Koen, Cochlospermum regium and Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell Arg, as well as the application of these products as substrate in the semi-solid fermentation, aiming the production of enzymatic extracts, and to evaluate the effect of the ultrasound on the lírio-do-brejo starch. The extracted starches present peculiar technological characteristics, being: the algodãozinho-do-campo starch under cooking temperature absorbs less water and solubilizes less than the corn starch, maintaining more the structure of the granules in the final product, being able to contribute to the improvement of final product texture; the batata-de-teiú starch had a low tendency to retrograde; the lírio- do-brejo starch presented high amylose content (about 59.16%), crystallinity of 19.30%, and when it was submitted to ultrasound for 15 min at 62% intensity and 12.5 g 100g-1 an increase in viscosity peak (from 1917 to 2257 cP) and reduction in tendency to retrograde (from 2079 to 1295 cP) was observed. The flours presented peculiar nutritional characteristics, antioxidant capacity, presence of phenolic compounds, low toxicity in Artêmia salina, presence of antinutritional factors, and were not efficient for the production of enzymatic extracts by semi-solid fermentation. It is concluded that they are plants with potential to obtain starch and flour. / Cochlospermum regium, planta nativa do cerrado brasileiro, conhecida como algodãozinho- do-campo, é utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de infecções e inflamações. Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell Arg é uma planta pertencente à família das Euphorbiaceae, nativa do cerrado brasileiro, e conhecida popularmente como “batata-de-teiú”, sendo que existe carência de conhecimentos científicos sobre os aspectos fisíco-quimicos e tecnológicos da Jatropha elliptica e suas possíveis aplicações, em alimentos e ou medicamentos. O lírio-do- brejo (Hedychium coronarium Koen), natural do Nepal, é considerado planta invasora no Brasil, pois apresenta crescimento rápido e negativo para a biodiversidade vegetal. Os rizomas são aproveitados pelo homem, devido suas propriedades medicinais, como o tratamento da cefaleia, câncer e inflamações, mas também pode ser uma fonte potencial para a extração de amido. Algodãozinho-do-campo, batata-de-teiú e lírio-do-brejo são plantas rizomatosas com potencial para a obtenção de amido e farinha. Com isso, este trabalho tem por objetivo contribuir com dados inéditos sobre a caracterização das farinhas e féculas, com provável valor funcional, extraídas do Hedychium coronarium Koen, Cochlospermum regium e Jatropha elliptica (Pohl) Muell Arg, bem como a aplicação destes produtos como substrato na fermentação semissólida, visando a produção de extratos enzimáticos, e avaliar o efeito do ultrassom sobre o amido de lírio-do-brejo. Os amidos extraídos apresentam características tecnológicas peculiares, sendo que: o amido de algodãozinho-do-campo sob temperatura de cozimento absorve menos água e se solubiliza menos que o amido de milho, mantendo mais a estrutura dos gânulos no produto final, podendo contribuir para a melhoria da textura do produto final; o amido de batata-de-teiú apresentou baixa tendência à retrogradação; o amido de lírio-do-brejo apresentou alto teor de amilose (cerca de 59.16%), cristalinidade de 19.30%, sendo que quando este foi submetido ao ultrassom, por 15 min, a 62% de intensidade e 12.5 g 100g-1 de concentração, observou-se um aumento do pico de viscosidade (de 1917 para 2257 cP) e a redução da tendência à retrogradação (de 2079 para 1295 cP). As farinhas apresentaram caracteristicas nutricionais peculiares, capacidade antioxidante, presença de compostos fenólicos, baixa toxicidade em ensaio com Artêmia salina, presença de fatores antinutricionais, e não foram eficientes para a produção de extratos enzimáticos por fermentação semissólida. Conclui-se que são plantas com potencial para a obtenção de amido e farinhas.

Regular starches contain two principal types of glucan polymers: amylopectin and amylose. The structure of amylopectin is characterized according to the unit chain length profile and the nature of the branching pattern, which determine the alignment of glucan chains during biosynthesis. The organization of glucan chains in amylopectin and their impact on the structure of starch are still open to debate. The location of amylose and its exact contribution to the assembly of crystalline lamellae in regular and high-amylose starch granules also remain unknown. The primary focus of this thesis is the organization and flexibility of glucan chains in crystalline lamellae. The organization and flexibility of glucan chains in native, annealed (ANN), and heat-moisture treated (HMT) normal, waxy, hylon V, hylon VII, and hylon VIII corn starches were examined. This study has shown for the first time that increased amounts of apparent amylose in B-type starches hinder the polymorphic transition (from B to A+B) during HMT. The research has also demonstrated that an iodine-glucan complex transformed the B-type polymorphic pattern of hylon starches into a V-type pattern. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that ANN- and HMT-induced changes were most pronounced in hylon starches. These findings suggest that the glucan tie chains influences the assembly of crystalline lamellae in high-amylose starches. The relationship between the internal unit chain composition of amylopectin, and the thermal properties and annealing of starches from four different structural types of amylopectin was investigated by DSC. The onset gelatinization temperature (To) correlated negatively with the number of building blocks in clusters (NBbl) and positively with the inter-block chain length (IB-CL). The enthalpy of gelatinization (∆H) correlated positively with the external chain length of amylopectin. Annealing results showed that starches with a short IB-CL were most susceptible to ANN, as evidenced by a greater increase in the To and Tm. The increase in enthalpy was greater in starches with long external chains and IB-CLs. These data suggest that the internal organization of glucan chains in amylopectin determines the alignment of chains within the crystalline lamellae and thereby the thermal properties and annealing of the starch granules.