abstract: This study analyzes the thermoelectric phenomena of nanoparticle suspensions, which are composed of liquid and solid nanoparticles that show a relatively stable Seebeck coefficient as bulk solids near room temperature. The approach is to explore the thermoelectric character of the nanoparticle suspensions, predict the outcome of the experiment and compare the experimental data with anticipated results. In the experiment, the nanoparticle suspension is contained in a 15cm*2.5cm*2.5cm glass container, the temperature gradient ranges from 20 °C to 60 °C, and room temperature fluctuates from 20 °C to 23°C. The measured nanoparticles include multiwall carbon nanotubes, aluminum dioxide and bismuth telluride. A temperature gradient from 20 °C to 60 °C is imposed along the length of the container, and the resulting voltage (if any) is measured. Both heating and cooling processes are measured. With three different nanoparticle suspensions (carbon nano tubes, Al2O3 nanoparticles and Bi2Te3 nanoparticles), the correlation between temperature gradient and voltage is correspondingly 8%, 38% and 96%. A comparison of results calculated from the bulk Seebeck coefficients with our measured results indicate that the Seebeck coefficient measured for each suspension is much more than anticipated, which indicates that the thermophoresis effect could have enhanced the voltage. Further research with a closed-loop system might be able to affirm the results of this study. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2010

L'objet de l'étude menée vise la récupération de micro-énergie renouvelable au moyen des matériaux piézoélectriques, pyroélectriques et thermoélectriques. Cette étude porte sur l'optimisation de trois aspects de la récupération de micro-énergie : (i) le couplage entre le générateur et l'environnement, (ii) l'efficacité de conversion d'énergie par le choix adéquat de matériaux et (iii) l'extraction de l'énergie électrique. Des études expérimentales et théoriques ont été menées en premier lieu dans des conditions de laboratoire pour une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes de récupération de micro-énergie, puis dans des conditions réelles pour vérifier les performances effectives des dispositifs réalisés. Concernant l'effet thermoélectrique, une nouvelle méthode de récupération de micro-énergie ambiante et solaire est présentée. Cette méthode utilise les générateurs thermoélectriques et les effets des chaleurs sensibles et latentes des matériaux à changement de phase pour produire des micro-énergies aussi bien de jour que de nuit. Une puissance maximale de 1Wm-2 avec un matériau thermoélectrique (Bi2Te3) a été obtenue. Concernant l'effet pyroélectrique, l'effet des variations des vitesses du vent au cours du temps est exploité. Une variation temporelle maximale de la température de 16°C/mn est disponible, ce qui a conduit à une puissance moyenne récupérée de 0.6mWm-2. Concernant l'effet piézo-électrique, une structure mécanique de type harmonica a été développée ainsi qu'une estimation des efforts d'interaction fluide-structure. Le prototype développé fonctionne à partir des vitesses du vent de 2ms-1 et génère une production d'énergie électrique de 8.9mWm-2. A titre d'illustration, une application typique a été présenté (refroidissement de panneau photovoltaïque). Elle montre une augmentation de la production d'électricité autour de 10%. L'application met en évidence l'utilisation des micro-énergies renouvelables au service de la production de macro-énergie. / The aim of this study is to investigate ambient energy harvesting with coupling effect of piezoelectric, pyroelectric and thermoelectric materials. Three basic problems lie in an energy harvesting process with these coupling effects: (i) design and optimize a structure which is able to accumulate the micro-power from the energy source and transform it into the favorable loading on the active material, (ii) improve the energy conversion efficiency according to the suitable choice of material properties and (iii) develop an energy harvesting circuit which is able to improve the energy conversion efficiency. The developed approach was experimental and numerical studies at first in laboratory conditions for deep understanding of energy harvesting process and then in outside conditions for verifying actual performance of the realized devices. On the thermoelectric coupling effect, a new method of harvesting solar and ambient energy is presented. The method is based on thermoelectric and both sensitive and latent heat effects for energy harvesting day and night. A maximum power generation of 1Wm-2 is achieved with thermoelectric material (Bi2Te3). On the pyroelectric effect, the inherent fluctuation with time of the natural wind speed was used. A maximum time variation of temperature of 16°C/minute was achieved which corresponds to an average power of 0.6mWm-2. On the piezoelectric effect, a mechanical structure which is enlightened from harmonica was developed and dynamic fluid-structure problems were addressed. The developed prototype begins to work for wind speed around 2ms-1 and a maximum power generation of 8.9mWm-2 was achieved. Ultimately, a typical building application (automatic control of water cooling photovoltaic panel) with the harvested solar thermal energy is introduced. The proposed application highlights an example of using harvested micro-energy to improve macro-energy production (around 10%).

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-05T16:48:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) karoline_pereira_ribeiro.pdf: 1900473 bytes, checksum: b8dd007507ccbbce8673c4bea1125da3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-11-10T11:56:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) karoline_pereira_ribeiro.pdf: 1900473 bytes, checksum: b8dd007507ccbbce8673c4bea1125da3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-10T11:56:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) karoline_pereira_ribeiro.pdf: 1900473 bytes, checksum: b8dd007507ccbbce8673c4bea1125da3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Neste estudo foi caracterizado o lodo proveniente de ETE situada em Patos de Minas/MG atrav?s da quantifica??o sua capacidade energ?tica, e avalia??o sua viabilidade no acionamento de usinas termoel?tricas. Para isto foram determinados os teores de metais, areia, mat?ria org?nica e inorg?nica, pH, carbono org?nico total (COT) al?m da an?lise imediata do material. O comportamento t?rmico foi analisado atrav?s de TGA, DTA, DSC e Calor de combust?o. Foram analisadas quatro amostras, sendo Lodo sem tratamento coletado em ?poca seca (LSTS), Lodo sem areia coletado em ?poca seca (LSAS), Lodo sem tratamento coletado em ?poca chuvosa (LSTC) e Lodo sem areia coletado em ?poca chuvosa (LSAC). Os resultados encontrados apontam para maior viabilidade energ?tica da amostra LSAS, devido ? sua baixa umidade (8,7802 %), alto teor de materiais vol?teis (53,1408 %), baixo teor de cinzas (0,7283 %) e alto teor de carbono fixo (46,1308 %). O poder calor?fico encontrado nesta foi de 9.752 J/g, sendo este equiparado ao de madeiras como Ac?cia-Negra e Eucalipto. Desta forma os resultados confirmam a viabilidade de utiliza??o do lodo como combust?vel ao se observar que as caracter?sticas t?rmicas s?o equiparadas ? diversas biomassas energ?ticas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Biocombust?veis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / In this work was characterized the sludge from ETS situated in Patos de Minas city / MG by quantifying its energetic content and evaluating its feasibility in the operating of thermoelectric power plants. For this, the contents of metals, sand, organic and inorganic matter, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and the energetic content of the material were determined. The thermal behavior was analyzed by TGA, DTA, DSC and heat of combustion. Four samples were analyzed: sludge without treatment collected in dry season (LSTS), sludge without sand collected in dry season (LSAS), sludge without treatment collected in rainy season (LSTC) and sludge without sand collected in rainy season (LSAC). The results suggest that the LSAS sample was more energetic efficient due to its low moisture content (8.7802 %), high content of volatile materials (53.1408 %), low ash content (0.7283 %) and high carbon content (46.1308 %). The calorific power was found to be around of 9,752 J / g, being this one very closed to the wood as Acacia-Negra and Eucalipto. In this way, the results confirm the feasibility of using the sludge as fuel when observing that the thermal characteristics are assimilated to the different energy biomasses.

xi, 193 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / State of the art semiconductor materials engineering provides the possibility to fabricate devices on the lower end of the mesoscopic scale and confine only a handful of electrons to a region of space. When the thermal energy is reduced below the energetic quantum level spacing, the confined electrons assume energy levels akin to the core-shell structure of natural atoms. Such "artificial atoms", also known as quantum dots, can be loaded with electrons, one-by-one, and subsequently unloaded using source and drain electrical contacts. As such, quantum dots are uniquely tunable platforms for performing quantum transport and quantum control experiments. Voltage-biased electron transport through quantum dots has been studied extensively. Far less attention has been given to thermoelectric effects in quantum dots, that is, electron transport induced by a temperature gradient. This dissertation focuses on the efficiency of direct thermal-to-electric energy conversion in InAs/InP quantum dots embedded in nanowires. The efficiency of thermoelectric heat engines is bounded by the same maximum efficiency as cyclic heat engines; namely, by Carnot efficiency. The efficiency of bulk thermoelectric materials suffers from their inability to transport charge carriers selectively based on energy. Owing to their three-dimensional momentum quantization, quantum dots operate as electron energy filters--a property which can be harnessed to minimize entropy production and therefore maximize efficiency. This research was motivated by the possibility to realize experimentally a thermodynamic heat engine operating with near-Carnot efficiency using the unique behavior of quantum dots. To this end, a microscopic heating scheme for the application of a temperature difference across a quantum dot was developed in conjunction with a novel quantum-dot thermometry technique used for quantifying the magnitude of the applied temperature difference. While pursuing high-efficiency thermoelectric performance, many mesoscopic thermoelectric effects were observed and studied, including Coulomb-blockade thermovoltage oscillations, thermoelectric power generation, and strong nonlinear behavior. In the end, a quantum-dot-based thermoelectric heat engine was achieved and demonstrated an electronic efficiency of up to 95% Carnot efficiency. / Committee in charge: Stephen Kevan, Chairperson, Physics; Heiner Linke, Member, Physics; Roger Haydock, Member, Physics; Stephen Hsu, Member, Physics; David Johnson, Outside Member, Chemistry

Esta Tese apresenta o desenvolvimento de um protótipo de um microgerador termoelétrico para captação de energias residuais baseado no Efeito Seebeck com sistema de transferência de calor intercambiável. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se dois sistemas de transferência térmica, sendo um para captação do calor residual de processos industriais constituído por um módulo denominado captor de calor intercambiável e por outro módulo para resfriar o sistema. Destaca-se que o sistema térmico desenvolvido permite a sua adaptação ao processo industrial por meio da troca do captor de calor, otimizando a transferência térmica para o microgerador termoelétrico. Com base nos dados medidos fez se um tratamento dos dados obtendo-se uma tensão de circuito aberto de Vopen=0,4306xΔT [mV] e uma resistência interna de R0=9,41Ω, com uma tolerância de ΔRint=0,77Ω tal que Rint=R0±ΔRint=9,41±0,77Ω. As medições feitas com a condição de máxima potência de saída foi obtida em um gradiente de temperatura de ΔT=80°C resultando numa potência máxima Pout≈29W. Como resultado obteve-se o protótipo de um microgerador termoelétrico baseado no Efeito Seebeck para captação de energias residuais, customizado e adaptado às características do processo industrial e à respectiva carga (potência e tensão), permitindo a troca e alteração da configuração do sistema de transferência de calor bem como, a reconfiguração do arranjo dos módulos termoelétricos. / This thesis presents the development of a prototype of a thermoelectric microgenerator to energy harvesting based on the Seebeck Effect with interchangeable heat transfer system. In this sense, it developed two heat transfer systems, one for capture of waste heat from industrial processes consisting of a sensor module called interchangeably heat and cool the module to another system. It is noteworthy that the thermal system developed allows its adaptation to industrial process by exchanging the sensor heat, optimizing heat transfer to the thermocouple microgenerator. Based on measured data has a data processing yielding a open circuit voltage of Vopen=0,4306xΔT and an internal resistance of R0=9,41Ω, with a tolerance of ΔRint=0,77Ω such that Rint=R0±ΔRint=9,41±0,77Ω. The measurements made on the condition of maximum output was obtained at a temperature gradient of ΔT=80°C resulting in a maximum power Pout≈29W. As a result we obtained a prototype thermoelectric microgenerator based on Seebeck effect to energy harvesting, energy customized and adapted to the characteristics of industrial process and its load (power and voltage), allowing the exchange and change the configuration of the transfer system heat as well as reconfiguring the arrangement of thermoelectric modules.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo de Qualidade de Energia Elétrica (QEE) no sistema elétrico industrial de uma concessionária geradora de energia elétrica do Brasil. O estudo teve enfoque na distorção harmônica gerada nos serviços auxiliares da usina termoelétrica. Para tanto, foi necessária a simulação e análise da planta da termoelétrica, com atenção nos serviços auxiliares pertencentes a ela, devido aos altos níveis de distorções harmônicas registrados. A simulação foi feita com o programa ATP (Alternative Transients Program) no domínio do tempo, através de sua interface gráfica, o ATP Draw. Nele foram modelados os principais componentes que pertencem ao Sistema Elétrico de Potência (SEP) em questão, como geradores, transformadores, linhas e cargas não lineares. Com a modelagem do SEP da termoelétrica, é possível determinar os níveis da distorção harmônica em diversos locais da planta, e aprofundar o estudo para que seja possível fazer a mitigação desses distúrbios. A diminuição da distorção harmônica junto ao aumento do fator de potência permite um melhor desempenho da usina, aumentando a faturamento da empresa através do aumento da energia entregue ao sistema elétrico. / This dissertation presents a study of Power Quality in an electrical system of a thermoelectric power plant in Brazil. The study focused on the harmonic distortion generated in the auxiliary services of the plant. Therefore, it was necessary to simulate and analyze the thermal plant, with attention to auxiliary services belonging to it, due to high levels of harmonic distortion registered. The simulation was performed using the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) in the time domain through its interface, the ATP Draw. It were modeled the main components that belong to the Power System in question, such as generators, transformers, lines and non-linear loads. With the modeling of the thermoelectric plant, is possible to determine the levels of harmonic distortion at various locations within the plant. The reduction of harmonic distortion along with the increase of power factor allows a better plant performance, increasing company revenue by increasing the energy delivered to the electrical system.

Les composés homologues de formule chimique (PbSe)5(Bi2Se3)3m avec m = 1, 2 et 3 se caractérisent par une structure lamellaire où alternent des couches de PbSe avec m couches de Bi2Se3. Ces composés, que l’on retrouve à l’état naturel, ont récemment suscité un intérêt pour la thermoélectricité en raison de leur remarquable aptitude à ne conduire que très faiblement la chaleur. L’objectif des travaux de cette thèse est d’étudier en détail le transport électrique et thermique de ces matériaux et de sonder leurs performances pour la génération d’électricité. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, des techniques de synthèse par métallurgie de poudres ont été mises en œuvre. Les matériaux résultants ont été ensuite caractérisés finement. Les caractérisations ont porté sur des analyses physico-chimiques mais aussi sur des mesures de propriétés électriques et thermiques aussi bien à basses températures (2 – 300 K) pour identifier les mécanismes microscopiques qui gouvernent le transport qu’à hautes températures (300 – 723 K) pour déterminer leur domaine d’application optimal. Une étude détaillée de leur structure cristalline a été menée en combinant des mesures de diffraction des rayons X sur monocristal et des analyses de microscopie électronique à transmission à haute résolution. Les mesures des propriétés physiques de ces composés ont confirmé leur potentiel pour des applications en génération d’électricité à températures moyennes. De nombreuses substitutions ont été entreprises afin de tenter d’optimiser davantage les performances de ces composés. Les éléments en substitution ont été choisi pour soit augmenter (m = 1) ou au contraire diminuer (m = 2 et 3) la concentration en électrons. Ces travaux ont permis de démontrer pour la première fois la possibilité de doper ces matériaux avec de nombreux éléments tels que l’iode, le sodium, l’argent ou le tellure. D’autre part, une étude détaillée des propriétés thermiques de ces matériaux a été réalisée par diffusion inélastique des neutrons sur poudre afin de dévoiler l’origine microscopique des très faibles valeurs de conductivité thermique de réseau mesurées / The homologous series of compounds of general chemical formula (PbSe)5(Bi2Se3)3m with m = 1, 2 et 3 is characterized by a lamellar crystal structure where PbSe layers alternate with m Bi2Se3 layers. These compounds, that can be found as minerals, have recently focused attention for thermoelectric applications owing to their remarkable ability to poorly conduct heat. In order to evaluate their thermoelectric performances, the present work dealt with their synthesis by powder metallurgy techniques followed by measurements of their transport properties not only at low temperatures (2 – 300 K) with the aim to identify the basic mechanisms governing the transport but also at high temperatures (300 – 723 K) to determine their optimum temperature range. A detailed study of their crystalline structure has been carried out by a combination of X-ray diffraction on high-quality single crystals and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Measurements of their transport properties have confirmed the potential of these materials for power generation applications at mid temperatures. Numerous substitutions have been studied to optimize further their thermoelectric performances. The elements in substitution have been chosen to either increase (m = 1) or decrease (m= 2 and 3) the electron concentration. This work has demonstrated for the first time the possibility to dope these materials with various elements such as iodine, sodium, silver or tellurium. Moreover, a detailed study of the thermal properties of these compounds has been performed by means of powder inelastic neutron scattering in order to unveil the microscopic origin of the very low lattice thermal conductivity values measured

Submitted by Caio Felipe de Paula Santos null (38626554826) on 2016-04-20T17:19:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_final.pdf: 650643 bytes, checksum: 4c9c3b09b961790fcddd0d2c996feba9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-26T17:53:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cfp_me_guara.pdf: 650643 bytes, checksum: 4c9c3b09b961790fcddd0d2c996feba9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T17:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cfp_me_guara.pdf: 650643 bytes, checksum: 4c9c3b09b961790fcddd0d2c996feba9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A geração de energia elétrica em usinas termoelétricas de ciclo combinado tem se mostrado muito importante para o Brasil apesar de operar com custo maior do que a geração através de hidroelétricas. Neste trabalho, foram realizadas análises termoeconômica e ecológica, baseadas nos princípios da Termodinâmica (energia e exergia), aplicados em usina termoelétrica de ciclo combinado de 500 MW. Para este trabalho foram consideradas duas configurações para a planta: a primeira configuração é a padrão (sem considerar equipamento de redução de emissão de CO2), e a segunda que considera a implementação do processo de captura, armazenamento e compressão de CO2 (CAC). O principal objetivo do trabalho é estudar e comparara as diferenças nas eficiências termodinâmicas e ecológicas da planta (operando nas duas condições) e as alterações nos custos de produção de energia elétrica gerada, em vista da instalação do processo de CAC. / The Electric Power Generation in combined cycle power plants has been very important for Brazil despite having a higher cost than the generation through hydropower plants. In this work, there were performed thermeconomical and ecological analyzes, based on thermodynamic principles (energy and exergy) in a 500 MW combined cycle power plant. For this work there were considered two settings for this plant: first a standard configuration (without to consider equipments for CO2 emission reduction), and the second considering the implementation of a process of capture, storage and compression of carbon dioxide (CSC). The main objective of this analysis is to study and compare the differences in thermodynamic and ecological efficiencies (operating in both conditions) and the alterations in the electrical energy cost, in view of the installation of the CSC process.

Modern high frequency electronic devices are continually becoming smaller in area but capable of generating higher RF power, thereby increasing the dissipated power density. For many microwave devices, for example the planar Gunn diode, standard thermal management may no longer be sufficient to effectively remove the increasing dissipated power. The work has looked at the design and development of an active micro-cooler, which could be fully integrated with the planar Gunn diode at wafer level as a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The work also resulted in the further development of novel thermal measurement techniques, using micro-particle sensors with infra-red (IR) thermal microscopy and for the first time to measure thermal profiles along the channel of the planar Gunn diode. To integrate the gallium arsenide (GaAs) based planar Gunn diode and micro-cooler, it was first necessary to design and fabricate individual GaAs based planar Gunn diodes and micro-coolers for thermal and electrical characterisation. To obtain very small area micro-coolers, superlattice structures were investigated to improve the ratio between the electrical and thermal conductivities of the micro-cooler. To measure the specific contact resistivity of the superlattice based micro-cooler contacts, the Reeves & Harrison TLM (transmission line method) was used as it included both horizontal and vertical components of the contact resistance. It was found, for the GaAs based micro-cooler, only small amounts of cooling (< 0.4 °C) could be obtained, therefore the novel temperature measurement method using micro-particle sensors placed on both the anode and cathode contacts was utilised. The bias probes used to supply DC power to the micro-coolers were found to thermally load these very small structures, which led to anomalously high measured cooling temperatures of > 1°C. A novel approach of determining if the measured cooling temperature was due to cooling or probe loading was developed. A 1D model for the integrated micro-cooler was developed and the results indicated that when the micro-cooler was used as a cooling element in a monolithic microwave integrated circuit, the supporting substrate thickness was very important. Simulation showed to obtain cooling the substrate thickness had to be very thin (< 50 μm), which may preclude the use of GaAs micro-coolers as part of a monolithic microwave integrated circuit.

Nous étudions l'effet thermo-électrique et les phénomènes qui en résultent, forces et les courants thermoélectriques (TEC) sous l'action d'un champ magnétique externe imposé lors de la solidification d'alliages métalliques. Nous avons utilisé des simulations numériques, des observations directes et des examens de laboratoire. L'interaction entre les courants thermo-électriques et le champ magnétique externe lors de la solidification se produit des forces électromagnétiques et donc un écoulement du métal liquide. Le résultat est nommé effet magnétique thermoélectrique (TEME). Les formulations de TEC, les forces et les équations gouvernant les écoulements TEM sont donnés. Afin de mieux prouver l'existence de la TEME, des expériences par méthode d'imagerie à rayons X menées au synchrtron ont été utilisées pour observer in-situ et en temps réel l'action directe des forces et les mouvements TEM pendant la solidification directionnelle des alliages Al-Cu. Nous avons montré la cohérence raisonnable entre les calculs analytiques et des simulations numériques qui ont exécuté avec les mêmes conditions de traitement. En outre, la capacité des écoulements thermo-électriques à influer sur la microstructure lors de la solidification directionnelle sont expérimentalement évaluées dans les autres cas en réalité. La solidification directionnelle d'une seule phase de formation des alliages Al-Cu sous divers champs magnétiques montre que les écoulements TEM sont capables de modifier la forme de l'interface liquide-solide conduisant à des morphologies différentes. L'effet le plus intense se produit dans différents champs magnétiques pour différentes morphologies, en effet, le champ magnétique élevé est nécessaire pour la morphologie a une plus petite longueur typique. Ceci est en accord avec le comportement des vitesses de TEM qui varient avec les champs magnétiques imposés ainsi que les différentes échelles de longueur typique. Cette variation est confirmée par des simulations numériques 3D. Nous montrons que les dendrites primaires et à l'avant de la phase eutectique, peuvent être modifiés par les mouvements TEM et les forces de TEM dans le solide pour améliorer la croissance de la phase de Al2Cu facettes primaire pendant la solidification des Al-40wt%Cu hypereutectiques. Le mécanisme de renforcement de la croissance de la phase facettes Al2Cu est confirmé par la transmission électronique observation au microscope, et la raison de la formation de la structure de croissance de couple de Al-26wt% Cu alliages est vérifiée par le test de l'analyse thermique différentielle. Ainsi, nous pouvons affirmer que le champ magnétique élevé facilite la formation de la structure de la croissance de couple pour hypoeutectiques alliages Al-Cu, et favorise la croissance de la phase Al2Cu primaire pour hypereutectiques Al-Cu alliages. / We have investigated the thermoelectric magnetic (TEM) forces and flows resulting from the interaction between the internal thermoelectric currents (TEC) and the imposed external magnetic field during solidification. Numerical simulations, direct observations and experimental examinations were undertaken. As the natural phenomenon, TEC was discovered almost 200 years ago, therefore, our introduction begins from then on. It is shown that the interaction between TEC and external magnetic field during solidification in the cont put forth new interesting phenomena in the context of a rising field named Electromagnetic Processing of Materials. After that, it is discussed how the TEC appear and the TEM effect (TEME, referring to both TEM forces and flows) behaves at the liquid-solid interface in directional solidification under external magnetic field. Meanwhile, formulations of TEC, TEM forces and flows are given, and numerical simulations of TEME are performed to visually display the TEM forces and flows. In order to further prove the existence of TEME, in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging method was used to observe the direct resultant of TEM forces and flows during directionally solidifying the Al-Cu alloys. The observations show reasonable consistency with the analytical calculations and numerical simulations performed with the same process conditions. Except confirmation the existence of TEME, its abilities to affect the microstructure during directional solidification are experimentally investigated in the more realistic cases. The single phase forming Al-Cu alloys are directionally solidified under various magnetic fields, which shows that TEM flows are capable to modify the shape of liquid-solid interface, and the most intensive affect occurs under different magnetic fields for different interface morphologies. Indeed, the smaller the typical length of the morphology is the higher the magnetic field is needed. This agrees with the estimating regulation of the velocity of TEM flows changing with magnetic fields for different typical length scales, and is confirmed by 3D numerical simulations. Directional solidification of multiphase forming Al-Cu alloys under various magnetic fields shows that the mushy zone length (distance between the front of primary dendrites and eutectic phases) varies with the magnetic fields, which can be attributed to the redistribution of rejected solutes by TEM flows. In addition, apparent enhanced growth of the primary faceted Al2Cu phase is founded when Al-40wt%Cu alloys are solidified under sufficient high magnetic fields, this should be ascribed to the TEM forces acting on the solid because strains are able to lead the formation of defects and thus benefit to the growth of faceted phase. This is confirmed by comparison of the dislocations in samples solidified without and with a 10T magnetic field via transmission electron microscopy observation. In another aspect, an almost entire couple growth structure is achieved when Al-26wt%Cu alloys are directionally solidified under a 4T magnetic field, which can be explained by the effect of high magnetic field on changing the nucleation temperature and growth velocity of each phase. Moreover, the differential thermal analysis test on the nucleation temperature of both α-Al and eutectic phases verified this explanation. Therefore, we conclude that high magnetic field facilitates the formation of couple growth structure for hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys, reversely, enhances the growth of primary dendrite for hypereutectic Al-Cu alloys.