No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-Natal University College, Pietermaritzburg, 1946.

Whilst there has been considerable research that has documented the barriers facing women (Cassimjee, 2003; Holland, 2001; Lyness & Thompson, 2000; De La Rey, 1999;Wood, 1993), little is known about the opportunities facing women, particularly Black women academics/managers, within tertiary institutions. In an attempt to facilitate such insight, the central aim of the study explores the subjective experiences of women academics/managers in terms of their academic development and career trajectory. This qualitative study was conducted within a particular campus within a merging South African university. Using convenience sampling, three women academics (two participants of African descent, one participant of Indian descent) and two managers (one participant of African descent and one of Indian descent) were selected. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the transcribed interviews followed by interpretation of the data, which was informed by the theoretical underpinnings of the study, rooted within the ambit of Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT). The analysis of the subjective experiences of women in this study revealed salient factors relating to the patriarchal nature of the institution of study, the legacy of apartheid and the issue of racism. The lack of overall institutional support and the absence of mentorship programmes were also prevalent. In addition, there emerged a shared ideology that 'academic life was a battle' to be fought. The acquisition of knowledge, constant empowerment and goal orientated behaviour with discipline; boundaries and strategies remained an overall theme to manage hierarchical career growth and development. Balancing work, academic and management roles together with the competing needs around family also posed a challenge. In sum, the implication of the study highlights the need to cultivate a non-racist, gender neutral and logistically supportive environment. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.

The primary objective of this research was to initiate exploratory research into the challenges that trainee therapists face in the first interview. This research focused on determining what aspects of the first interview the trainee therapists found challenging and exploring what it was about these aspects which made them challenging to the trainees. Further the research sought to explore what coping mechanisms the trainees employed during the first interview in order to negotiate these challenges as well as what effect these challenges had on the experience of the trainees. The research sought to gain an understanding of what it was about these challenges which made them difficult for the trainees. The research is situated within Ronnestad and Skovholt?s (2003) model of professional therapist development whereby the difficulties faced by the novice/trainee therapist can be understood within the framework of the developmental path of the professional therapist. This framework was used to understand the nature of the difficulties encountered at this stage of training. Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) (Kagan, 1976; Kagan, 1980; & Kagan, 1984) was employed in interviews with 8 Masters first year students following the completion of a first interview with a role play client. The data was analysed using Grounded Theory Analysis and Strauss and Corbin?s (1990, as cited in McLeod, 2001) method of qualitative analysis was employed to analyse and interpret the data. The main findings indicated the pervasive presence of anxiety in novice therapists? experiences of the first interview. In particular this anxiety was generated through a preoccupation with the evaluative component of the exercise which brought to the fore the dynamic internal conflict between the personal, private self and the professional self as the novice attempts to establish a working professional identity. This conflict is played out in the context of the first interview with specific reference to issues around self focus, management of the interview and difficulties with the role-played nature of the exercise. The difficulties encountered tended to generate further anxiety forming a negative feedback loop. Positive coping strategies were employed using „self talk? which led to an increased perception of self-efficacy. Negative coping strategies such as reverting to rigid structured processes resulted in a negative experience and escalated anxiety resulting in perceptions of poor selfefficacy. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

Enormous challenges face the African continent's quest to fulfil her great potential. The success of the African wealth creation project depends to a great extent on the quality of leadership driving this vital undertaking. Leadership quality depends on its relevance and appropriateness to the context in which it is exercised. In the light of the global dominance of Western leadership theories, this study set about to explore the question whether Western approaches to organi-sational leadership are universally applicable or, if not universally, at least so in the Southern African context or, on the other hand, whether there are other approaches unique to Southern Africa, not found in Western approaches. A literature review of the four 'generations' of leadership theory as well as emerging ideas on the 'character' of leadership and the possible shape of future leadership theories was undertaken. The study adopted a qualitative research methodological approach. Using the non-probability sampling method, samples of predominately black African leaders and their subordinates working in private sector agricultural and manufacturing companies in Southern Africa were selected. Data was gathered from the leader sample via individual interviews and from the subordinate sample by means of focus group discussions. The data gathered was analysed using the thematic analysis method. A comparative analysis was undertaken between leader and subordinate samples, where after the research results were compared with the theory framework provided by the Kouzes and Posner and Kets de Vries leadership models, as well as with Western leadership theories. The uniqueness or otherwise of ubuntu as representative of emerging African leadership thought was also explored. The study found that there is not a significant difference between what leaders in the Southern African context are required to be and to practice in order to be effective, both in their own eyes and in the eyes of their subordinates, and those identified by Western leadership theories. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007

The aim of this study is to assess the advantages and disadvantages to all the troop members, of vervet males remaining in heterosexual groups outside the mating season. Extensive data on time budgeting and social interactions have been obtained for both a caged and a free-ranging undisturbed troop. Some of the potential advantages males provide to other members of the troop are: improvement in predator detection, maintenance of the troop unity and interference in agonistic interactions involving females and immatures. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of seasonal changes in agonistic, social, sexual and proximity relationships of male-male and male-female pairs. The influence of male and female dominance rank and the vervet male genital signalling system are discussed. Also a framework to achieve a better understanding of vervet monkey sexuality is provided. A detailed analysis of male inspection of female's genitalia (visual, tactile, olfactory and muzzling), female receptivity, attractivity and proceptive behaviour has been done in order to investigate male and female mate choice. These behaviours are expected to be related to time of conception, although it was found that male and female rank, mate choice and possibly the age of the mates influence their outcome. In addition, sexual consortships and other alternative male strategies (besides agonistic rank) to control access to receptive females are described for the first time in vervet monkeys. The multi-male structure of vervet societies has been questioned by other authors, mostly because of the absence of male-male agonistic coalition against other males, and the absence of sexual consortships and other special friendly bonds between males and females. However, the results of this study do show that all the above patterns may also occur among vervet monkeys, therefore the multi-male structure of vervet monkeys is similar to the one found in baboon and macaque societies. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1991.

This study was concerned with investigating young people’s consumption, interactions and attitudes towards pornography. However, obtaining valid answers to sensitive questions is an old and persistent problem in survey research (Coutts & Jann, 2011). Therefore, a second objective of this study was to assess the methodological efficacy of the Unmatched-Count Technique (UCT). The UCT is a survey protocol that provides greater levels of anonymity in the attempt to elicit more truthful responses than conventional survey techniques regarding sensitive issues/behaviours. In this study the base rates of UCT were compared to those obtained by an online self-report questionnaire (SRQ). One hundred and forty five students ages 18-24 from the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus, completed an online questionnaire. Participants were either assigned to the UCT or the SRQ. The results revealed that the majority (93.75%) of the sample had been exposed to pornography, more males (76.00%) than females (23.07%) consumed pornography, and that male participants tended to express a more positive-accepting attitude towards pornography than the female participants. A Two-Sample Z-Test was used to compare the base rates of the UCT and the SRQ. The results suggest that the SRQ underestimates base-rates in comparison to the UCT The results illustrate that young people are interacting and consuming pornography within the South African context and as such future research should be aimed at further exploring this genre of sexual media. Furthermore, this study adds to the empirical work which employs the UCT and highlights the efficacy and potential of the technique. Keywords: attitudes, pornography, South Africa, unmatched-count technique, young people. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

Thesis (MA)- University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The numerous prospective university students' who present at the Centre for Student Counselling of the University of Stellenbosch for guidance in selecting an occupation or university course, suggest that there is a high level of career indecision amongst such individuals. With the purpose of addressing career indecision, the present study examined the nature thereof amongst prospective university students. The prevalence of specific aspects of career maturity (namely, self-information, decision-making, career information, integration of self-information and career information, and career planning) underlying career indecision were investigated, as well as the correlations between these aspects. In addition, the correlations between the aspects of career maturity and certain biographical variables such as gender, home language, declared career choice, differentiation of interests, and self-reported level of career indecision were examined. Eighty-four prospective students, who presented for career counselling at the Centre for Student Counselling of the University of Stellenbosch, served as subjects in the study. The subjects completed the Career Development Questionnaire (CDQ), the Meyer Interest Questionnaire (MB-10) and a biographical questionnaire compiled by the researcher. The results of the study indicated that a substantial number of prospective university students experience career indecision. There were statistically significant correlations (p<0,01) between the 5 scales of the CDQ. In addition, there were statistically significant correlations (p<0,01) between the 5 scales of the CDQ, and self-reported level of career indecision. There were no clinically significant correlations between gender and home language, and any other variable measured. An attempt was made to address career indecision amongst the population group by making certain recommendations regarding the content and process of career counselling for prospective university students. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die aantal voornemende universiteitstudente wat by die Sentrum vir Studentevoorligting aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch aanmeld vir voorligting in verband met die keuse van 'n beroep of universiteitskursus, is aanduidend van 'n hoë mate van beroepsbesluitloosheid onder die individue. Die onderhawige studie ondersoek die aard van beroepsbesluitloosheid onder voornemende universiteitstudente ten einde die beroepsbesluitloosheid aan te spreek. Die voorkoms van sekere komponente van loopbaanvolwassenheid (naamlik selfinligting, besluitneming, loopbaaninligting, integrering van selfinligting en loopbaaninligting, en loopbaanbeplanning) onderliggend aan beroepsbesluitloosheid is ondersoek, sowel as die verband tussen die komponente. Die verband tussen die komponente van loopbaanvolwassenheid en verskeie biografiese veranderlikes soos geslag, huistaal, verklaarde loopbaankeuse, onderskeiding van belangstellings, en self-gerapporteerde vlak van beroepsbesluitloosheid is ook ondersoek. Vier-en-tagtig voornemende studente wat by die Sentrum vir Studentevoorligting aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch aangemeld het vir beroepsvoorligting, is by die studie betrek. Die subjekte het die Loopbaanontwikkelingsvraelys (LOV), die Meyer-Belangstellingsvraelys (MB-10) asook 'n biografiese vraelys wat deur die navorser opgestel is, voltooi. Die resultate het getoon dat In aansienlike hoeveelheid voornemende studente beroepsbesluitloosheid ervaar. Daar was statisties beduidende verbande (p<0,01) tussen die 5 skale van die LOV. Verder was daar statisties beduidende verbande (p<0,01) tussen die 5 skale van die LOV en gerapporteerde vlak van beroepsbesluitloosheid. Daar was geen klinies betekenisvolle verbande tussen geslag en huistaal, en enige ander veranderlike nie. Daar is gepoog om beroepsbesluitloosheid onder voornemende studente aan te spreek deur aanbevelings te maak in verband met die inhoud en proses van loopbaanvoorligting vir voornemende universiteitstudente.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aggression is an everyday occurrence in South Africa. If the detrimental effect of aggression on the individual, as well as society, is taken into account, it becomes necessary to conduct more research on the factors that can enhance and lower aggression. The main aim of this research was to gain insight into the relationship between level of self-esteem, stability of self-esteem, locus of control, and aggression. An additional aim was to establish whether male and female students differed in their level of aggression towards men and women. In this regard four types of aggression were distinguished, namely physical and verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The results of this study can be utilised to combat aggression by limiting the emergence and execution of aggression. Male and female first year students attending Stellenbosch University were asked to participate in this study. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Altogether 149 people (40 male students and 109 female students) completed the questionnaires. The study group spoke either Afrikaans or English at horne. The ages of the participants fell between 17 and 27 years. Five measuring instruments were used. The researcher compiled a biographical questionnaire to gain information about the participant's sex, age, horne language and citizenship. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) was used to measure level of self-esteem. The RSE was also adapted to measure the stability of self-esteem. Stability of self-esteem was also measured with the Rosenberg Stability of Self Scale (RSSS). The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) was used to determine the level of aggression the individual had towards others. The AQ also distinguished between four types of aggression, namely physical and verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale (ANSIE) was used to measure locus of control. Significant relationships were found between the following variables: • Level of self-esteem, stability of self-esteem, locus of control, and aggression for female students. Only locus of control was a significant predictor of aggression; • Level of self-esteem, stability of self-esteem, locus of control, and aggression for male students. None of the predictor variables were significant. The following significant differences were found: • Male students were significantly more physically aggressive towards their own sex than female students towards their own sex; • Female students were significantly more physically aggressive towards the opposite sex than male students towards the opposite sex. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aggressie is 'n alledaagse verskynsel in Suid-Afrika. Indien die nadelige invloed daarvan op die individu, sowel as die samelewing, in ag geneem word, is dit noodsaaklik dat meer navorsing gedoen word oor die faktore wat aggressie kan verhoog en verlaag. Die hoofdoelstelling van hierdie ondersoek was om die verband tussen vlak van selfagting, stabiliteit van selfagting en lokus van kontrole, en aggressie te verken. Verdere spesifieke doelstellings was om te bepaal of mans- en damestudente van mekaar verskil in die vlak van aggressie wat hulle gebruik teenoor mans en vroue. In hierdie opsig is daar onderskei tussen vier tipes aggressie, naamlik fisiese en verbale aggressie, woede en vyandigheid. Die resultate van hierdie ondersoek kan benut word om aggressie teen te werk deur die ontstaan en uitvoering van aggressie te beperk. Manlike en vroulike eerstejaarstudente aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch is by die ondersoek betrek. Deelname was vrywillig en anoniem. Altesame 149 persone (40 mansstudente en 109 damestudente) het die vraelyste voltooi. Die ondersoekgroep was Afrikaans of Engels as huistaal magtig. Die ouderdomme van die deelnemers was tussen 17 en 27 jaar. Vyfmeetinstrumente is gebruik. 'n Biografiese vraelys is deur die navorser self opgestel om inligting te verkry oor die deelnemer se geslag, ouderdom, huistaal en burgerskap. Die Rosenberg Selfagting Skaal (RSAS) is gebruik om vlak van selfagting te meet. Die RSAS is ook aangepas om die stabiliteit van selfagting te meet. Stabiliteit van selfagting is ook gemeet deur die Rosenberg Stabiliteit van Self Skaal (RSSS). Die Aggressie Vraelys (AV) is gebruik om die vlak van aggressie van die individu teenoor ander te bepaal. Die AVonderskei ook tussen vier tipes aggressie, naamlik fisiese en verbale aggressie, woede en vyandigheid. Die Nowicki- Strickland Skaal vir Interne-Eksterne Kontrole vir Volwassenes (N-SIEV) is gebruik om lokus van kontrole te meet. Daar is beduidende verbande tussen die volgende veranderlikes gevind: • Vlak van selfagting, stabiliteit van selfagting en lokus van kontrole, en aggressie by damestudente. Slegs lokus van kontrole was 'n beduidende voorspeller van aggressie by damestudente; • Vlak van selfagting, stabiliteit van selfagting, lokus van kontrole, en aggressie by mansstudente. Geeneen van die voorspellerveranderlikes was beduidend by mansstudente nie. Die volgende beduidende verskille is gevind: • Mansstudente was beduidend meer fisies aggressief teenoor hul eie geslag as damestudente teenoor hul eie geslag; • Damestudente was beduidend meer fisies aggressief teenoor die teenoorgestelde geslag as mansstudente teenoor die teenoorgestelde geslag.

Thesis (MA) -- Stellenbosch University, 1934. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: See item for full text / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sien item vir volteks.

This study examines the relationship between attitude and outcome of 30 schizophrenic outpatients. Attitude is measured using the modes of response to psychosis proposed by MayerGross in 1920 and operationalised into questionnaire form by Soskis and Bowers (1969) and McGlashan and Carpenter (1981). The outcome is defined by the number ofrehospitalizations since the first diagnosis of schizophrenia. Results show a significant relationship between attitude and outcome. Positive attitude toward the illness and positive attitude toward the future were both significantly correlated with a positive outcome (lower rate of rehospitalization). Similarly, both negative attitudes toward the illness and negative attitude toward the future were significantly correlated with a negative outcome (higher rate of rehospitalization). There was a stronger correlation between positive attitudes and positive outcome than between negative attitudes and negative outcome. The relationship between attitude and outcome in schizophrenia is used to suggest alternative ways of conceptualizing and managing the condition. The findings of this study are also used to develop recommendations for further research. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.