Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:44:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 magnajunior_jp_dr_prud.pdf: 3558640 bytes, checksum: fe0b1f329eb24d9ac82adc5a8e9815c8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O avanço das técnicas de posicionamento, sobretudo do posicionamento por satélites artificiais, impulsionou os processos de atualização da estrutura geodésica fundamental em diversos países. No Brasil, a mais recente mudança foi a adoção do SIRGAS2000 em fevereiro de 2005, se tornando o terceiro referencial adotado oficialmente pelo Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro. A mudança de referencial faz com que produtos cartográficos possam ter suas coordenadas associadas a diferentes referenciais e/ou realizações. Portanto, tornam-se necessários processos de transformação de coordenadas entre sistemas e/ou realizações, que possam modelar as distorções existentes nas materializações e garantir a integridade dos dados. A evolução das técnicas de posicionamento e a atualização dos sistemas de referência são processos dinâmicos, portanto, os métodos para mudança de coordenadas são uma necessidade atual e constante. Nesta pesquisa é apresentado um método para transformação de coordenadas tridimensionais entre realizações de referenciais geodésicos com modelagem de distorções baseado em Thin-Plate Splines (TPS). Pretende-se explorar a capacidade da técnica TPS em modelar dados provenientes de uma transformação linear, juntamente com distorções de natureza... / The advances in the positioning techniques, especially in the satellite positioning, drove the updating process in the fundamental geodesic network in several countries. In Brazil, the most recent change was the adoption of the SIRGAS2000 in February, 2005, as the third official referential adopted by the Brazilian Geodetic System. The change of reference system let cartographic products with his coordinates associated to different reference systems and/or frames. So, processes of coordinates change between reference systems and/or frames are necessary, which are able to model the distortion in the reference frames and guarantee the data integrity. The evolution of the positioning techniques and the updating of reference frames are dynamic processes, so, the methods of coordinates change are an actual and continuous necessity. In this research a method is presented for transformation of threedimensional coordinates between reference frames with modeling of distortions based on Thin-Plate Splines (TPS). It is explored the capacity of the TPS in modeling data originated from a linear transformation, together... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Paulo de Oliveira Camargo / Coorientador: Maurício Galo / Banca: João Carlos Chaves / Banca: Messias Meneguette Júnior / Banca: Sônia Maria Alves Costa / Banca: Silvio Jacks dos Anjos Garnés / Resumo: O avanço das técnicas de posicionamento, sobretudo do posicionamento por satélites artificiais, impulsionou os processos de atualização da estrutura geodésica fundamental em diversos países. No Brasil, a mais recente mudança foi a adoção do SIRGAS2000 em fevereiro de 2005, se tornando o terceiro referencial adotado oficialmente pelo Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro. A mudança de referencial faz com que produtos cartográficos possam ter suas coordenadas associadas a diferentes referenciais e/ou realizações. Portanto, tornam-se necessários processos de transformação de coordenadas entre sistemas e/ou realizações, que possam modelar as distorções existentes nas materializações e garantir a integridade dos dados. A evolução das técnicas de posicionamento e a atualização dos sistemas de referência são processos dinâmicos, portanto, os métodos para mudança de coordenadas são uma necessidade atual e constante. Nesta pesquisa é apresentado um método para transformação de coordenadas tridimensionais entre realizações de referenciais geodésicos com modelagem de distorções baseado em Thin-Plate Splines (TPS). Pretende-se explorar a capacidade da técnica TPS em modelar dados provenientes de uma transformação linear, juntamente com distorções de natureza... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The advances in the positioning techniques, especially in the satellite positioning, drove the updating process in the fundamental geodesic network in several countries. In Brazil, the most recent change was the adoption of the SIRGAS2000 in February, 2005, as the third official referential adopted by the Brazilian Geodetic System. The change of reference system let cartographic products with his coordinates associated to different reference systems and/or frames. So, processes of coordinates change between reference systems and/or frames are necessary, which are able to model the distortion in the reference frames and guarantee the data integrity. The evolution of the positioning techniques and the updating of reference frames are dynamic processes, so, the methods of coordinates change are an actual and continuous necessity. In this research a method is presented for transformation of threedimensional coordinates between reference frames with modeling of distortions based on Thin-Plate Splines (TPS). It is explored the capacity of the TPS in modeling data originated from a linear transformation, together... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique which utilizes positron-emitting radiopharmaceuticals (PERs) to characterize biological processes in tissues of interest. A PET scanner is usually composed of multiple scintillation crystal detectors placed in a ring so as to capture coincident photons from a position annihilation. These detectors require a crystal lookup table (CLUT) to map the detector response to the crystal of interaction. These CLUTs must be accurate, lest events get mapped to the wrong crystal of interaction degrading the final image quality. This work describes an automated algorithm, for CLUT generation, focused around Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) with Thin Plate Splines (TPS). The algorithm was tested with flood image data collected from 16 detectors. The method maintained at least 99.8% accuracy across all tests. This method is considerably faster than manual techniques and can be adapted to different detector configurations. / February 2016

Bayesian surface smoothing using splines usually proceeds by choosing the smoothness parameter through the use of data driven methods like generalized cross validation. In this methodology, knots of the splines are assumed to lie at the data locations. When anisotropy is present in the data, modeling is done via parametric functions. In the present thesis, we have proposed a non-parametric approach to Bayesian surface smoothing in the presence of anisotropy. We use eigenfunctions generated by thin-plate splines as our basis functions. Using eigenfunctions does away with having to place knots arbitrarily, as is done customarily. The smoothing parameter, the anisotropy matrix, and other parameters are simultaneously updated by a Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) sampler. Unique in our implementation is model selection, which is again done concurrently with the parameter updates. Since the posterior distribution of the coefficients of the basis functions for any given model order is available in closed form, we are able to simplify the sampling algorithm in the model selection step. This also helps us in isolating the parameters which influence the model selection step. We investigate the relationship between the number of basis functions used in the model and the smoothness parameter and find that there is a delicate balance which exists between the two. Higher values of the smoothness parameter correspond to more number of basis functions being selected. Use of a non-parametric approach to Bayesian surface smoothing provides for more modeling flexibility. We are not constrained by the shape defined by a parametric shape of the covariance as used by earlier methods. A Bayesian approach also allows us to include the results obtained from previous analysis of the same data, if any, as prior information. It also allows us to evaluate pointwise estimates of variability of the fitted surface. We believe that our research also poses many questions for future research.

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