Los Thraustochytriales o mejor conocidos como thraustochitridos son protistas pertenecientes al Grupo Chromista según los análisis del gen 18S rRNA. Considerados como una potencial fuente alternativa al aceite de pescado, estos microorganismos oleaginosos han sido aislados de diversos ambientes a nivel mundial encontrándose principalmente asociados a material vegetal en descomposición. Así, en este estudio se logró aislar cepas de thraustochitridos provenientes de todos los puntos muestreados en los manglares de Tumbes donde la caracterización bioquímica con acriflavina y rojo de nilo confirmaron su ocurrencia y los resultados de caracterización molecular permitieron determinar aislados pertenecientes a los géneros Aurantiochytrium (basónimo: Shizochytrium), Parietichytrium, Botryochytrium e Ulkenia sensu stricto. Asimismo se propone el posible descubrimiento de dos nuevas especies con potenciales biotecnológicos en base a información proporcionada de las características observadas en cultivo, de los análisis filogenéticos y de trabajos previos relacionadas a las cepas Aurantiochytrium sp. 15A-14a (Genbank Accesion N° AB811008) y Schizochytrium sp. S8 (Genbank Accesion N° DQ836630), los cuales dieron el mayor hit con los aislados 75, 507, 510, 512, 523, 526, 527 y C1, respectivamente. Finalmente, el presente estudio brindó los primeros reportes de la presencia de estos thraustochitridos en nuestro país. / The Thraustochytriales or commonly known as traustochytrids are protists belonging to the Chromista group determined by the 18S rRNA gene analysis. Considered a potential alternative source of fish oil, these oleaginous microorganisms are widely distributed in various environments around the world. Mainly, they are associated with decaying plant material. Thus, strains of thraustochytrids were isolated in this study. These strains were taken from all sampled points in the mangroves of Tumbes where biochemical characterization acriflavine and red nile confirmed their occurrence and the results of molecular characterization allowed determining isolates belonging to the genera Aurantiochytrium (basionym: Shizochytrium) Parietichytrium, Botryochytrium and Ulkenia sensu stricto. It is also proposed the possible discovery of two new species with potential biotechnological based on information provided by the characteristics observed in culture, phylogenetic analyzes and previous work related to strains Aurantiochytrium sp. 15A-14a (Genbank Accesion N° AB811008) y Schizochytrium sp. S8 (Genbank Accesion N° DQ836630), which showed the best hit along with the isolates 75, 507, 510, 512, 523, 526, 527 y C1, respectively. Finally, this study provided the first reports of the presence of these thraustochitridos in our country. Key words: Thraustochitrids, Tumbes’s mangroves, senescent leaves and baiting method, 18S rRNA gene, molecular phylogeny, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). / Tesis

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-04T13:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) aline_danielle_souza_prates.pdf: 764936 bytes, checksum: 07ecde7b89a9710be55845e608186865 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T14:25:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) aline_danielle_souza_prates.pdf: 764936 bytes, checksum: 07ecde7b89a9710be55845e608186865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T14:25:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) aline_danielle_souza_prates.pdf: 764936 bytes, checksum: 07ecde7b89a9710be55845e608186865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A ingest?o de alimentos enriquecidos com ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs) da s?rie ?mega-3 vem sendo difundida nas ?ltimas d?cadas. A eleva??o dos n?veis dos ?cidos eicosapentan?ico (EPA) e docosaexan?ico (DHA) pode ser obtida por meio do enriquecimento da alimenta??o dos animais criados em cativeiro, manipulando-se a composi??o dos ?cidos graxos da dieta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dietas contendo a inclus?o da microalga Schizochytrium sp. no desempenho produtivo e composi??o bromatol?gica de juvenis de piau. O experimento foi conduzido no Laborat?rio de Aquicultura e Ecologia Aqu?tica do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, em Diamantina ? MG. Foram utilizados 300 juvenis de piau com peso m?dio e comprimento total m?dio de 11,80 ? 1,08 g e 9,68 ? 0,31 cm, respectivamente . Os peixes passaram por sete dias de adapta??o ao ambiente e neste per?odo foram alimentados com a ra??o do tratamento controle. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (0, 10, 20, 30 e 40 g de Schizochytrium sp. kg-1) e quatro repeti??es, com sete juvenis estocados por aqu?rio, totalizando em 20 parcelas experimentais. Avaliou-se aos 60 dias de experimento os par?metros de desempenho produtivo: ganho de peso (g), biomassa final (g), consumo de ra??o (g), convers?o alimentar, taxa de crescimento espec?fico (TCE) (% dia-1), sobreviv?ncia (%) fator de condi??o (K), e par?metros bromatol?gicos da carca?a: mat?ria seca (MS), mat?ria mineral (MM), extrato et?reo (EE), prote?na bruta (PB), c?lcio (Ca) e f?sforo (P). Foi observado efeito linear crescente (p<0,05) para os par?metros de ganho de peso, biomassa final e sobreviv?ncia. Para convers?o alimentar observou-se efeito quadr?tico (p<0,05) com o melhor n?vel de 33,5 g kg-1 de inclus?o da microalga. Quanto ?s an?lises bromatol?gicas da carca?a , n?o foram observados (p>0,05) diferen?as para mat?ria seca, mat?ria mineral, extrato et?reo, exceto para a prote?na bruta, c?lcio e f?sforo que apresentaram efeito linear decrescente (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a inclus?o acima de 30 g de Schizochytrium sp. kg-1 na ra??o melhora o desempenho de piau. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The food intake enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 series, has been widespread in the recent decades. The increase of the EPA and DHA levels can be obtained by enriching the animals feed raised in captivity, by manipulating the fatty acids composition of dietary. This study aimed to evaluate diets with the inclusion of algae Schizochytrium sp. in the productive performance and chemical composition of piau juveniles. The experiment was conducted in the Aquaculture Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology Department of Animal Science of UFVJM in Diamantina - MG. Three hundred piau juvenile with mean weight and total length of 11.80 ? 1.08g and 9.68 ? 0.31 cm respectively, were subjected. Fishes passed for seven days of adaptation and were fed with the control feed treatment. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g of Schizochytrium sp. Kg-1), and four replications, with seven juveniles were stocked through aquariums, totaling 20 experimental units. It was evaluated at 60th day of experiment the performance parameters such as weight gain (g), final biomass (g), feed intake (g), feed conversion, TCE (% day-1), survival (%) and condition factor (K), and bromatological parameters of the carcass: Dry matter (DM), mineral matter (MM), ethereal extract (EE), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Increasing linear effect (p <0.05) was observed for the parameters of weight gain, final biomass and survival. For food conversion, a quadratic effect was observed (p <0.05) with the best level of 33.5 g kg-1 inclusion of the microalgae. Regarding the bromatological analyzes of the carcass, differences were not observed (p> 0.05) for dry matter, mineral material, ethereal extract, except for crude protein, calcium and phosphorus, which presented a linear decreasing effect (p <0.05). It is concluded that the above inclusion of 30 g of Schizochytrium sp. Kg-1 in the diet improves the performance of piau.