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Title : Kinesio taping in treatment and prevention of thumb overload in outpatient physiotherapy Purposes : The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate a degree of pain decrease in thumb joint after kinesio tape application. The differences in grip strength were concurrently evaluated to objectify previous results. Hand dynamometer was used to support this claim. Methods : Data for the experiment were obtained by use of hand dynamometer measurement and record of a pain degree according to chosen pain scale. Each person was measured right before defined strain and immediately after it (daily work in outpatient therapy according to therapist's working shift). Each therapist was asked to record a degree of actual pain following the instructions during strain. All the results were processed and statistically analyzed. Results : The results show that kinesio tape is successful in decreasing of thumb joint pain. This was confirmed both during and after the strain. At the same time kinesio tape prevents decreasing of the grip strength. Keywords : Thumb, thumb joint, kinesio taping of a thumb, dynamometry, pain decrease of a thumb, overloading of a thumb

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1949.

Background Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the electrocardiogram (ECG), a risk for sudden cardiac death. A simple 'rule of thumb' method states that if a patient's heart rate is between 60-100 bpm, the QT interval should not be more than half the R-R interval. The clinical accuracy of this method has not been tested in the elderly. Objectives To determine if the 'rule of thumb' to calculate QT interval prolongation, is accurate, compared to the corrected QT interval calculated using Bazett's formula. Secondary objectives include the prevalence of long QT and risk factors for QT prolongation. Methods The QT interval was calculated using Bazett's formula, and the 'rule of thumb' method, from ECG's collected from patients over 60 years old, on their first visit to a geriatric clinical service. Only data from patients with heart rates in the range 60-100 were analyzed. Medications and electrolyte levels were recorded. Results A total of 1000 ECGs were collected. 776 ECGs were included in the study. Prevalence of prolonged QT interval was 37.8% using Bazett's formula. Compared to Bazett's formula, the 'rule of thumb' method had a sensitivity of 65.2% and a specificity of 96.9%. ECG computer analysis calculated QTc was available for 42.5% of the cases and had a sensitivity of 58.1% and specificity of 95.3% compared to Bazett's formula. Of the 23.3% of patients taking medications known to prolong the QT interval only 38.6% had a prolonged QT interval. There was a significant association between QT interval prolongation and hypokalaemia. Conclusion The 'rule of thumb' method to determine QT interval prolongation, has high specificity but low sensitivity. This bedside measure is similar in accuracy to QT determination using an ECG computer analysis calculation in this population of older persons. / MT 2019

Mobile hand-held communication device (smart phone) use is very prevalent and growing rapidly. In addition, there is empirical support for heavy use to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study therefore addressed the physical demand and performance when using these devices. The natural texting style for 20 participants was identified and then participants performed standardized static and dynamic tasks on 4 different types of mobile hand-held devices; a touch screen device and 3 devices with different keyboard sizes and layout; a flip or clamshell design, a PDA style device and a phone with a pull out QWERTY keyboard. Participants rated the effort required to complete each task and for dynamic tasks, keystroke speed was also measured. The time history of angles of the carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalageal joints of the thumb as well as motion of the wrist were determined using small surface makers and an optoelectronic motion capture system. Thumb kinematics were normalized to the maximum range of motion of each joint. Statistically significant and substantial differences were found for the dynamic condition: The tasks which required the most motion in the flexion/extension axis of the thumb also required the most effort, and that there is an inverse relationship between effort and typing speed, namely that those tasks, or devices which required the highest effort resulted in the lowest typing speeds, and visa-versa. Similarly, results showed that those static tasks which required the most thumb flexion also required the most effort. Overall, use of the touch screen phone required the least effort for dynamic and static tasks, and also resulted in the highest typing speeds. This could be a result of having the lowest force required to engage the keys. The device which resulted in the lowest typing speed and highest required effort was the flip phone, which also had the highest required force to engage the keys. There was also a weak relationship between user thumb length and required effort, with longer thumb length necessitating a greater about of effort. Those subjects who used the texting style indentified as the slide style which used forearm rotation with a less flexed thumb reported significantly less effort for all tasks than those who used the claw style which used extreme flexion of the thumb joints. However, texting style had no significant effect on typing speed, indicating that someone could adopt the slide style to reduce muscular effort and potentially the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs and neck without sacrificing performance.

In embedded system, the system resource is limited. So, small is the most important feature of the embedded system. In this thesis, we propose a fast way to design a 16-bit microprocessor through reducing the 32-bit RISC CPU based on ARM 4vT Instruction set to the 16-bit RISC Thumb microprocessor. And through building the programming model, we can reach to save the design time of developing the compiler and assembler to keep its software environment.

Mobile hand-held communication device (smart phone) use is very prevalent and growing rapidly. In addition, there is empirical support for heavy use to be associated with musculoskeletal disorders. This study therefore addressed the physical demand and performance when using these devices. The natural texting style for 20 participants was identified and then participants performed standardized static and dynamic tasks on 4 different types of mobile hand-held devices; a touch screen device and 3 devices with different keyboard sizes and layout; a flip or clamshell design, a PDA style device and a phone with a pull out QWERTY keyboard. Participants rated the effort required to complete each task and for dynamic tasks, keystroke speed was also measured. The time history of angles of the carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalageal joints of the thumb as well as motion of the wrist were determined using small surface makers and an optoelectronic motion capture system. Thumb kinematics were normalized to the maximum range of motion of each joint. Statistically significant and substantial differences were found for the dynamic condition: The tasks which required the most motion in the flexion/extension axis of the thumb also required the most effort, and that there is an inverse relationship between effort and typing speed, namely that those tasks, or devices which required the highest effort resulted in the lowest typing speeds, and visa-versa. Similarly, results showed that those static tasks which required the most thumb flexion also required the most effort. Overall, use of the touch screen phone required the least effort for dynamic and static tasks, and also resulted in the highest typing speeds. This could be a result of having the lowest force required to engage the keys. The device which resulted in the lowest typing speed and highest required effort was the flip phone, which also had the highest required force to engage the keys. There was also a weak relationship between user thumb length and required effort, with longer thumb length necessitating a greater about of effort. Those subjects who used the texting style indentified as the slide style which used forearm rotation with a less flexed thumb reported significantly less effort for all tasks than those who used the claw style which used extreme flexion of the thumb joints. However, texting style had no significant effect on typing speed, indicating that someone could adopt the slide style to reduce muscular effort and potentially the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs and neck without sacrificing performance.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1961.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1959.

Losing a hand is a highly traumatic experience affecting both the physical life and mental wellbeing of a person. It is therefore vital to provide a prosthetic hand with similar functionality to the hand lost. The human hand is a very delicate and complex part of the body used every day in a wide range of tasks from performing heavier works to smaller gestures. Due to all factors playing arole in how amputees live their lives, recreating a human hand is a very demanding and challenging task. As many as 30% of amputees experience depression and/or anxiety as a result of not having the same capabilities and opportunities as before the amputation. Amputation may be carried out both due to sudden accidents and as a result of congenital defiances and vascular illnesses. Since advanced prosthetic hands often come in at a price too high to reach a large part of the amputee consumer base, the case is often that only the richest amputees are able to afford electric prosthetic devices, and are thus often limited to simpler, body-powered alternatives. These alternatives are often found to be lacking in features and resemblance when comparing to the more technologically advanced electric prosthetics. A set of product development tools and methods were selected for the development process to ensure an organized approach for the project. The project was concluded with a finished and fully-manufacturable prosthetic hand with some advantages compared to the current market products. The hand developed in the project, named OYMotion hand 1.0 proved to have a number of advantages over competing products in selected functional areas such as force, finger speed and weight. The final market price of the product could not be estimated due to the fact that there are too many unknown factors involved to determine a final market price on the hand. The production cost is, however estimated to be significantly lower than the measured competing prosthetic hands. A deepened understanding about prosthetic hand design and development was obtained by studying the market, EMG, machine learning applications, hardware, gears, finger mechanisms,and materials.  By balancing concepts between cost, functionality and aesthetics, a structured reasoning couldbe used to prioritize certain aspects of the developing of the hand.The completed hand fulfills the required specifications and functions after undergoing anumber of analyses conducted in order verify material strength and mechanism functionality.Further grip strength analyses and calculations were excluded from the study due to the limitedavailable time given.