No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Biological Sciences, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-172).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health. Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on April 27, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

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Exames radiográficos para fins de saúde constituem a principal fonte de exposição da população à radiação ionizante artificial, devendo empregar a dose mínima necessária para que se obtenha imagem de qualidade. Colimadores retangulares têm sido propostos em substituição aos circulares para reduzir a exposição de órgãos críticos. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se existe diferença na dose de radiação nas regiões de cristalino e tireóide durante a realização de um exame periapical completo, em função da forma e do tamanho do colimador utilizado. Trinta pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos: 1 - colimador circular convencional com 60 mm de diâmetro; 2 - colimador retangular com 24 x 32 mm² e 3 - colimador retangular com 30 x 40 mm2. As condições de exame foram padronizadas para os três grupos. A dose foi obtida por meio de dosímetros termoluminescentes de LiF:Mg.Cu.P (TLD-100H), que permaneceram, durante a execução das 14 radiografias do exame completo periapical, posicionados sobre os olhos (cristalino) direito e esquerdo e sobre a região da tireóide, abaixo do protetor plumbífero. Os resultados finais foram submetidos aos testes não-paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman, ambos complementados por seus testes de comparações múltiplas, ao nível de significância de 5%. No grupo 2 houve redução significativa na dose de radiação absorvida na região dos olhos em relação aos grupos 1 e 3. Os grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram redução significativa na dose de radiação absorvida na tireóide em relação ao grupo 1. Nos três grupos, a dose absorvida na região dos olhos é significativamente maior do que a dose absorvida pela tireóide. O uso do colimador retangular reduziu significativamente a dose absorvida na tireóide. / X rays examinations are the main source of population's exposure to artificial ionizing radiation. Radiation dose in such examinations should be as low as possible but still ensuring a good image quality. Rectangular collimators have been proposed in substitution to the circular ones in order to minimize the radiation exposure to nearby critical organs. This study aims to compare the radiation doses in the lens of the eyes (right and left) and thyroid gland obtained using different collimators, in a complete periapical examination (14 radiographic exposures). Thirty patients have been randomly allocated to three groups: 1 - using a 60 mm diameter conventional circular collimator; 2 - using a 24 x 32 mm² rectangular collimator; and 3 - using a 30 x 40 mm2 rectangular collimator. The doses were measured by LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) positioned over both right and left eyes and under the lead thyroid protector shield, in the thyroid gland position. Final results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman non-parametric statistics analysis, complemented by multiple comparison tests, with 5% significance level. Group 2 presented a significant dose reduction in the eyes region compared to groups 1 and 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed a significant dose reduction in the thyroid gland region compared to group1.

This thesis deals with the importance of milk as a natural source of iodine in human nutrition. The thesis provides a data of the consumption of milk and milk products and their contribution to the protection needs iodine for students and employees of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. The experiment includes a total of 60 people (20 men and 40 women). Empirical data wasobtained within the grant project named GAJU 011/2013/Z and NAZV QH 81105. Data of consumption of milk and milk products were obtained through questionnaires. For men, average weekly consumption of milk was 826.5? 835.1 ml (118.1 ml per day) and for women 912.4? 783.9 ml (130.3 ml per day). Average consumption of yogurt for men was 361.0? 401.4 g per week (51.6 g per day), for woman 428.4? 338.8 g per week (61.2 g per day) and average consuption of cheese was for men 263.0? 240.5 g per week (37.6 g per day) and for woman was 260.2? 226.5 per week (37.2 g per day). Through the milk and milk products tested, men average 81.6 g of iodine per day, woman adopted 93.4 g. According to the results, the amout of consumed milk and milk products was lower than the nationwide average, but still covered more than half of daily iodine needs. The thesis presents the data of the iodine concentration in urine for students and employees of the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice (n=62) as an indicator of iodine supply to the organism. The average iodine content in urine of all subjects (men and women) was 230.4? 171.3 gl-1, for men (n=21) reached 244.6? 195.2 gl-1, for women was 223.2? 159.8 gl-1. Results of the average iodine content in urine reflected the physiological range, i.e. for the students and employees of the University of South Bohemia was supply of iodine in organism sufficient. The thesis also provides information about the amount of iodine in asamples of cow´s milk on a selected farm (n=50) of the Jihocesky region, the Plzensky region and Vysocina during the years 2011 - 2013. Samples of cow´s milk were obtained in collaboration with the Central Laboratory of dairy Madeta a.s in Ceske Budejovice and Veterinary Centre s.r.o Susice. In 2011, the average concentration of iodine was 321,0? 337.8 gl-1, in 2012 was concentration of iodine 298.8? 290.8 gl-1 and in 2013 was 234.7? 116.1 gl-1 also otherwise: in all years was it was determined that there was an abundance of iodine. The highest values (315.6? 305.1 gl-1) of iodine was in the Jihocesky region. In Vysocina a lower average level of the iodine was detected (9.5 %), as well as in the Plzensky region where the amount of iodine in milk was lower by 53.7 %, compared to the South Bohemia region and 48.8 % compared to the Vysocina region.

The thesis deals with the evaluation of the impact of different quantities and forms of iodine in ration dairy cows on the concentration of hormones of the thyroid in the blood plasma. The experiment was done with a herd of Red cows breeding in the conversion to breed in the breeding of Holstein dairy cows in Klatovy. Iodine was given in both inorganic and organic form. Before experimenting, the value of total and free forms of hormones was very low. During the experiment, increased concentrations of hormones in connection with the intake of inorganic iodine, the significant deviations showed free forms of thyroid hoemones. Nevertheless, the addition of organic iodine was not fully substituted for the reduction of inorganic iodine content. The thesis also discusses the assessment of the thyroid status by Czech red cattlebreeding on the school farm. The aim was to compare the activity of the thyroid gland in high-yield dairy cows breeding in a barn environment and cattle on pasture reared cattle. For red cattle reared on pasture, there were characteristically higher concentration levels of total and free hormones compared with high yield dairy cows. Nevertheless, in comparison with the reference value,there was a concentration of TT4 for Czech red cattlelower, it coresponded well as dairy cows, rather lower iodine supply. In connection with the rise (higher content) TT4, possibly fT4, there was a similar tendency for the TT3 and fT3, so we can´t assume a deeper state of iodine deficiencies and its associationwith an underactive thyroid gland.