En los últimos años se han desarrollados numerosas investigaciones con el fin de mejorar el cultivo del camarón gigante de Malasia, investigaciones en policultivo, siembra de juveniles graduados y la adición de substrato han dado muy buenos resultados. La mayoría de estas investigaciones han tenido como objetivos la maximización de los niveles de producción, obtener mejoras en los pesos finales e incrementar la resistencia a enfermedades. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el crecimiento y la supervivencia del camarón gigante de Malasia Macrobrachium rosenbergii con 2 densidades de siembra (D1 y D2) y 2 porcentajes de incremento de substratos (S1 y S2) en policultivo con Oreochromis niloticus tilapia roja. Para alcanzar este objetivo se utilizó un diseño factorial 2 x 2, es decir, se evaluaron 4 tratamientos, 2 niveles por cada uno de los 2 factores (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2), cada tratamiento con tres repeticiones. Los datos de talla, peso, supervivencia y biomasa, obtenidos de las biometrías fueron analizados utilizando el software estadístico Statgrapfhic v.7,0 analizado al 95% de confianza (α es menor que 0,05). Después de 80 días de cultivo se observó que el tratamiento T3 (D2S1) obtuvo los mejores crecimientos (7,05 ± 2,13 g) y los mejores porcentajes de supervivencia (97,5%) para el camarón gigante de malasia. Los dos niveles de adición de substrato fueron igualmente efectivos para el crecimiento del camarón, se encontró una relación inversa entre el incremento de los substratos y los porcentajes de supervivencia. El crecimiento en talla de la tilapia solo fue afectado por la interacción de los factores densidad y substrato donde los tratamientos T2 (D1S2) y T3 (D2S1) presentaron crecimientos significativamente mayores; el crecimiento en peso de la tilapia solo fue afectado por el factor substrato, encontrándose una relación directa; no se encontró diferencia significativa (p es menor que 0,05) para los porcentajes de supervivencia. Se encontró una relación directa entre el incremento de la densidad y la biomasa final del camarón gigante de Malasia, siendo el nivel D2 significativamente mayor que D1. El tratamiento T3 (690,1 Kg ha-1) presentó una biomasa significativamente mayor que T2 (420,9 Kg ha-1) y T1 (387,1 Kg ha-1), T3 y T4 no fueron significativamente diferentes (p es mayor que 0.05). Para la tilapia se encontró una relación directa entre en incremento del substrato y la biomasa final, siendo el nivel S2 significativamente mayor que S1. La biomasa del tratamiento T2 (629,7 Kg ha-1) fue significativamente mayor respecto a T1 (453,4 Kg ha-1). En el análisis de producción los tratamientos T2 y T3 alcanzaron los mejores valores, el análisis de proyección mostró que el policultivo camarón tilapia, con adición de substrato, es una buena alternativa para obtener mejores rendimientos y ganancias. / In recent years, several researches have been developed with the objective of improve the culture of the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for instance polyculture, size grading juveniles and adding artificial substrate to the ponds have achieve results, in addition the majority of those investigations in the fresh water prawn have had different objectives, such as increasing the productions levels, increasing the harvest weight and increasing the resistance of different illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the growth and supervivence of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with 2 different densities (D1 y D2) and 2 percentages of added substrates (S1 y S2) in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus “red tilapia”. In order to achieve this objective, the experiment was designed such as 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting in 4 treatment combinations with 2 levels for each of 2 factors (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2) and which 3 replicate for each treatment. The size, supervivence and total production obtained from biometries were analyzed using the software Statgrapfhic v.7,0 at 95 % confidence (α =0,05). After 80 days of culture, T3 (D2S1) treatment had the best weight (7,05 ± 2,13g) and percentage of supervivence (97,5%) to freshwater prawn, in addition the different levels of substrates had similar effect on the harvest weight of freshwater prawn, moreover an inverse relation was found between added substrate and percentage of supervivence. The body length of tilapia was only affected by density and substrate interaction, where T2 and T3 treatment had the best growth. The harvest weight of tilapia was only affected by the substrate and a direct relation was found between them. A significantly effect (p is less than0,05) was not found between the different percentages of supervivence. A direct relation was found between density and total production of the freshwater prawn, where D2 obtained better results than D1. T3 treatment (690,1 kg ha-1) had better yield than T2 (420,9 kg ha-1) and T1 (387,1 kg ha-1), T3 and T4 were not different. Tilapia had a direct relation between added substrate and total production, where S2 was significantly higher than S1. The production from T2 treatment (629,7 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than T1 (453,4 kg ha-1). The production analysis showed that polyculture of prawn-tilapia with added substrate, is a good alternative in order to obtain best productions and weights. / In recent years, several researches have been developed with the objective of improve the culture of the fresh water prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, for instance polyculture, size grading juveniles and adding artificial substrate to the ponds have achieve results, in addition the majority of those investigations in the fresh water prawn have had different objectives, such as increasing the productions levels, increasing the harvest weight and increasing the resistance of different illnesses. This study was designed to evaluate the growth and supervivence of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii with 2 different densities (D1 y D2) and 2 percentages of added substrates (S1 y S2) in polyculture with Oreochromis niloticus “red tilapia”. In order to achieve this objective, the experiment was designed such as 2 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting in 4 treatment combinations with 2 levels for each of 2 factors (D1S1, D1S2, D2S1 y D2S2) and which 3 replicate for each treatment. The size, supervivence and total production obtained from biometries were analyzed using the software Statgrapfhic v.7,0 at 95 % confidence ( =0,05). After 80 days of culture, T3 (D2S1) treatment had the best weight (7,05 ± 2,13g) and percentage of supervivence (97,5%) to freshwater prawn, in addition the different levels of substrates had similar effect on the harvest weight of freshwater prawn, moreover an inverse relation was found between added substrate and percentage of supervivence. The body length of tilapia was only affected by density and substrate interaction, where T2 and T3 treatment had the best growth. The harvest weight of tilapia was only affected by the substrate and a direct relation was found between them. A significantly effect (p<0,05) was not found between the different percentages of supervivence. A direct relation was found between density and total production of the freshwater prawn, where D2 obtained better results than D1. T3 treatment (690,1 kg ha-1) had better yield than T2 (420,9 kg ha-1) and T1 (387,1 kg ha-1), T3 and T4 were not different. Tilapia had a direct relation between added substrate and total production, where S2 was significantly higher than S1. The production from T2 treatment (629,7 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than T1 (453,4 kg ha-1). The production analysis showed that polyculture of prawn-tilapia with added substrate, is a good alternative in order to obtain best productions and weights. / Tesis

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autor / Determina la presencia de Streptococcus iniae en Tilapia nilótica (Oreochromis niloticus) mediante el aislamiento y análisis bioquímico, caracteriza las lesiones histopatológicas de las tilapias presuntas positivas a S. iniae por bioquímica y confirmar su presencia o no mediante la PCR a tiempo real, en un centro de cultivo intensivo de la zona de Sullana-Piura. Se determina el tamaño de muestra con una prevalencia límite de 2.7%; empleándose en total 150 tilapias de las fases de engorde y pre engorde con signos de enfermedad. La necropsia evidencia lesiones compatibles con Streptococcus spp, como exoftalmia, hifema, congestión y/o hemorragia de meninges, ascitis, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia y zonas hemorrágicas difusas en todo el cuerpo. La prevalencia media para tilapias positivas al género Streptococcus spp., por microbiología es 26% (21% - 33%) y la prevalencia media de tilapias presuntas positivas a S. iniae por perfil bioquímico es 10.12% (6% – 15.10%). Los hallazgos histopatológicos son: epicarditis, periesplenitis y perihepatitis fibrino supurativa aguda o crónica, meningitis, panoftalmitis, necrosis coagulativa del músculo esquelético y formación de granulomas. Sin embargo, en la prueba confirmatoria de PCR a tiempo real, sondas Taqman, no se obtiene ninguna tilapia positiva a S.iniae. Los resultados son analizados a través de una simulación estocástica de la distribución beta, empleando el programa de incertidumbre @Risk, reportándo una prevalencia media de 0.66 % (0.02-2.41%) en tilapias enfermas. / Tesis