No / Previously, dose emission below 30 L min(-1) through DPI has not been routinely determined. However, during routine use some patients do not achieve 30 L min(-1) inhalation flows. Hence, the aim of the present study was to determine dose emission characteristics for low inhalation flows from terbutaline sulphate Turbuhaler. Total emitted dose (TED), fine particle dose (FPD) and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of terbutaline sulphate Turbuhaler were determined using inhalation flows of 10-60 L min(-1) and inhaled volume of 4 L. TED and FPD increase significantly with the increase of inhalation flows (p <0.05). Flows had more pronounced effect on FPD than TED, thus, faster inhalation increases respirable amount more than it increases emitted dose. MMAD increases with decrease of inhalation flow until flow of 20L min(-1) then it decreases. In vitro flow dependent dose emission has been demonstrated previously for Turbuhaler for flow rates above 30 L min(-1) but is more pronounced below this flow. Minimal FPD below 30 L min(-1) suggests that during routine use at this flow rate most of emitted dose will impact in mouth. Flow dependent dose emission results suggest that Pharmacopoeias should consider the use variety of inhalation flows rather than one that is equivalent to pressure drop of 4 KPa.

No / Modelling of wastewater temperatures along a sewer pipe using energy balance equations and assuming steady-state conditions was achieved. Modelling error was calculated, by comparing the predicted temperature drop to measured ones in three combined sewers, and was found to have an overall root mean squared error of 0.37 K. Downstream measured wastewater temperature was plotted against modelled values; their line gradients were found to be within the range of 0.9995-1.0012. The ultimate aim of the modelling is to assess the viability of recovering heat from sewer pipes. This is done by evaluating an appropriate location for a heat exchanger within a sewer network that can recover heat without impacting negatively on the downstream wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Long sewers may prove to be more viable for heat recovery, as heat lost can be reclaimed before wastewater reaching the WWTP.

No / Autobiographical memory (AM) concerns the ability to remember past events from one's own life and consists of autobiographical knowledge (personal facts) and autobiographical incidents (personal events). The novelty of this research was to assess both personal factual and personal event AM in Parkinson's disease (PD) for specified lifetime periods. An autobiographical fluency task was used in which participants were asked to recall personal events and personal facts from five separate lifetime periods. Previous findings as well the brain regions affected in PD lead to the hypothesis that Parkinson's patients would recall less autobiographical memories especially for the most recent lifetime periods. Sixteen non-demented and non-depressed Parkinson's patients and sixteen age-education-matched controls participated. The results showed a temporal gradient for the recall of personal events in Parkinson's patients as they recalled fewer events for recent time periods. The PD group also had more difficulties in recalling autobiographical events rather than an autobiographical knowledge. The difficulty in recalling autobiographical events was characterized by overgenerality, with PD patients failing to generate specific episodic memories.

Nos últimos anos, em função dos resultados negativos do HEMO Study e da elevada mortalidade na população dialítica, observou-se crescente interesse nosregimes de hemodiálise diária. A dose de diálise persiste como um dos elementos fundamentais na adequação do tratamento dialítico. Comparamos as doses de diálise em hemodiálise diária (90 minutos, 6 vezes / semana), com as doses em hemodiálise convencional (240 minutos, 3 vezes / semana), através da quantificação direta da diálise, do modelo de cinética de uréia e pelo Standard Kt/V de Gotch. A comparação foi feita para diferentes solutos (uréia, creatinina, fósforo, ácido úrico e ß2-microglobulina) e diferentes taxas de ultrafiltração / The recent efforts to improve dialysis outcome and the negative results from the HEMO Study have created great interest on alternative hemodialysis (HD) regimens. Dialysis dose persist fundamental to HD adequacy. However, parameters of adequacy have not been validated to Daily HD. We compared the dialysis dose of daily, high efficiency and flux HD (90 minutes, 6 times a week) with Conventional high flux HD (240 minutes, 3 times a week) by direct dialysis quantification, urea kinetics model and Gotch's stdKt/V. The comparison was made with urea, creatinine, phosphate, uric acid and ß2-microglobulin. We, also, analyzed the effect of different ultrafiltration rates on solute removal on Daily HD

Introduktion: Både tiden då patienten är sövd eller bedövad och tiden då det kirurgiska ingreppet utförs innebär risker för patienten. Bland annat ökar risken för trycksår och hypotermi med längden på anestesitiden och därmed är det viktigt att anestesitiden inte blir längre än nödvändigt. För att minska riskerna bör patientens anestesitid överensstämma med kirurgitiden i så stor utsträckning som möjligt och därför är det av vikt att få ta del av och sammanställa perioperativa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter kring detta. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva perioperativa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av överensstämmelse mellan anestesitid och kirurgitid. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjumetod med semistrukturerade frågor användes. Deltagarna kom från två sjukhus i Mellansverige och valdes med bekvämlighetsurval. Åtta anestesisjuksköterskor och åtta operationssjuksköterskor deltog. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: Svårigheten att förutse anestesiläkemedlens effekt på individuella patienter påverkar bedömning av tidsåtgång, Kommunikationens betydelse för överensstämmelsen mellan anestesitid och kirurgitid, Teamarbetets betydelse för överensstämmelsen mellan anestesitid och kirurgitid samt Oförutsedda händelser kan förlänga anestesitiden. Konklusion: Denna studie ger en ökad förståelse för hur patientens anestesitid överensstämmer med kirurgitiden utifrån perioperativa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter. / Introduction: Being under general or regional anesthesia and the surgical procedure itself involves risks for the patient. Since length of anesthesia increases the risk for pressure ulcers and hypothermia, anesthesia should as far as possible correspond to surgical time. It is therefore important to take part of the experience of perioperative nurses about this subject. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe perioperative nurses’ experience of correspondence between duration of anesthesia and surgery. Method: A qualitative interview method with semistructured questions were used to collect data. Participants were chosen by convenience sampling from two hospitals in central Sweden. Eight certified registered nurse anesthetists and eight theatre nurses participated. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Result: The content analysis resulted in four categories: Difficulty in predicting the effect of anesthetics on individual patients affects the assessment of time consumption, The importance of communication for the correspondence between anesthesia and surgery time, The importance of teamwork for the correspondence between anesthesia and surgery time, Unforeseen events can prolong duration of anesthesia. Conclusion: This study contributes to understanding the correspondence between duration of anesthesia and surgery from the perspective of the perioperative nurses.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Biostatistics) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-119). Free to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (Ph.D. in Biostatistics) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-56). Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

Thesis--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaves 70-75.

Nos últimos anos, em função dos resultados negativos do HEMO Study e da elevada mortalidade na população dialítica, observou-se crescente interesse nosregimes de hemodiálise diária. A dose de diálise persiste como um dos elementos fundamentais na adequação do tratamento dialítico. Comparamos as doses de diálise em hemodiálise diária (90 minutos, 6 vezes / semana), com as doses em hemodiálise convencional (240 minutos, 3 vezes / semana), através da quantificação direta da diálise, do modelo de cinética de uréia e pelo Standard Kt/V de Gotch. A comparação foi feita para diferentes solutos (uréia, creatinina, fósforo, ácido úrico e ß2-microglobulina) e diferentes taxas de ultrafiltração / The recent efforts to improve dialysis outcome and the negative results from the HEMO Study have created great interest on alternative hemodialysis (HD) regimens. Dialysis dose persist fundamental to HD adequacy. However, parameters of adequacy have not been validated to Daily HD. We compared the dialysis dose of daily, high efficiency and flux HD (90 minutes, 6 times a week) with Conventional high flux HD (240 minutes, 3 times a week) by direct dialysis quantification, urea kinetics model and Gotch's stdKt/V. The comparison was made with urea, creatinine, phosphate, uric acid and ß2-microglobulin. We, also, analyzed the effect of different ultrafiltration rates on solute removal on Daily HD