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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Besouros (Coleoptera) associados a carcaças de Sus scrofa Linnaeus em área de restinga na Paraíba

Bó, Daniel Dal 30 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2522413 bytes, checksum: 2dcde9206193aa66227f1638607e57cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Beetles associated with decomposing carcasses in restinga environment, are being studied in this research, contributing information to forensic entomology, with respect to the estimated time of death of a body and translocation corpse. Four carcasses of pigs were used, two for each season in 2012. The carcasses were killed with a shot in the cranial region and placed in cages to prevent the action of scavengers. To collect beetles were used Shannon traps, pitfalls and collecting in the tray. We sampled 3,763 beetles belonging to 19 families and 96 species. The most abundant family was Histerid (n=1,406), followed by Staphylinidae (n=987) and Scarabaeidae (n=718). The family with the highest richness was Staphylinidae (S=23). The most species sampled were Euspilotus sp. 1 (n=930) Xerosaprinus diptychus (n=229) Euspilotus sp. 4 (n=155), Hypocaccus sp. (n=48) (Histeridae), Atheta sp. 1 (n=457), Hongophila sp. (n=269) Lissohypnus sp. (n=81), Philonthus sp. 1 (n=78) (Staphylinidae), Aidophus impressus (n=372), Dichotomius sp. gr geminatus (n=215), Parataenius simulator (n=64), Ateuchus sp. (n=46) (Scarabaeidae), Dermestes maculatus (n=143) (Dermestidae), Necrobia rufipes (n=104) (Cleridae) and Omorgus suberosus (n=78) (Trogidae). Due the difference in abundance and richness was observed seasonal behavior of beetles, since 80% were sampled in the rainy season and the richness ranged from 59 in this season to 26 in drought season. The succession of beetles varied from one station to another, probably due to the seasonal behvior. The nighttime show higher abundance of beetles (54%). The families with abundance above 70% during the night were Trogidae (78%), Tenebrionidae (74%) and Scarabaeidae (72%). None family had such value for daytime. The species referred to as potential forensic to restinga were D. maculates and N. rufipes by reproducing in the carcasses, and also Hypocaccus sp. and Bledius fernandezi by presenting a strict record of dunes and beach, similar environments studied here, suggesting that these species serve as indicators of the area. / Os besouros associados a carcaças em decomposição, em ambiente de restinga, estão sendo estudados no presente estudo, visando contribuir com informações para a Entomologia Forense, no que diz respeito à estimativa do tempo de morte de um corpo e translocação de cadáver. Quatro carcaças de suínos foram utilizadas como isca para atração dos insetos, duas para cada estação climática em 2012. As carcaças foram mortas com um tiro na região craniana e colocadas em gaiolas para impedir a ação de animais necrófagos de grande porte. Para coleta dos besouros foram utilizadas armadilhas Shannon, pitfalls e coletas em bandeja. Foram coletados 3.763 besouros pertencentes a 19 famílias e 96 espécies. A família mais abundante foi Histeridae (n=1.406), seguida por Staphylinidae (n=987) e Scarabaeidae (n=718). A família que apresentou maior riqueza foi Staphylinidae (S=23). As espécies mais coletadas foram: Euspilotus sp. 1 (n=930), Xerosaprinus diptychus (n=229), Euspilotus sp. 4 (n=155), Hypocaccus sp. (n=48) (Histeridae), Atheta sp. 1 (n=457), Homalotina sp. (n=269), Neohypnus sp. (n=81), Philonthus hepaticus (n=78) (Staphylinidae), Aidophus impressus (n=372), Dichotomius sp. gr. geminatus (n=215), Parataenius simulator (n=64), Ateuchus sp. (n=46) (Scarabaeidae), Dermestes maculatus (n=143) (Dermestidae), Necrobia rufipes (n=104) (Cleridae) e Omorgus suberosus (n=78) (Trogidae). Devido à diferença de abundância e riqueza foi observado comportamento sazonal dos besouros, visto que 80% foram coletados na estação chuvosa e a riqueza variou de 59 nesta estação para 26 na estiagem. A sucessão dos besouros variou de uma estação para outra, provavelmente devido o comportamento sazonal. A maior abundância dos besouros foi observada no período noturno (54%), sendo as famílias que apresentaram abundância acima de 70% no período noturno foram Trogidae (78%), Tenebrionidae (74%) e Scarabaeidae (72%). Nenhuma família apresentou tal valor para o período diurno. As espécies indicadas como potencial forense para a restinga foram Dermestes maculatus e Necrobia rufipes por se reproduzirem nas carcaças, e também Hypocaccus sp. e Bledius fernandezi por apresentarem registro estrito a ambientes de dunas e praia, semelhantes ao aqui estudado, sugerindo-se que essas espécies sirvam como indicadores de área.
2

Micologia forense: a dinÃmica da microbiota fÃngica na investigaÃÃo do perÃodo post mortem

Renato Evando Moreira Filho 29 August 2008 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / With developing of forensic observations, certain species of insects and microorganisms were described as indicators of periods of the degradation of the body. However, the literature is still scarce in the field of Forensic Mycology. It was investigated the microbiological characteristics of fungi presence in the post mortem change, as well as, it esteemed the value of the mycology exams in the study. 400 collections was accomplished in 60 human bodies (34 of the bloated stage, 06 of the putrefaction stage and 20 of the skeletonization stage) at the Fortaleza city morgue and public cemeteries in the state of CearÃ, The picked material was analyzed through macro/microcharacteristics and specific biochemical tests. Ally to such analyses, was also accomplished the test of the perforation of the hair in vitro in hair of corpses in the bloated stage and in hair of healthy adults. The material gathered was analyzed at the Specialized Medical Mycology Center of the Federal University of CearÃ. With the anthropological results, it was observed that male, in the interval of the 31 to the 40 years, was more commonly attacked, being the capital (Fortaleza) the more involved in the number of deaths. In the bloated stage, among the identified filamentous fungi, the presence of four orders was observed: Order Eurotiales (63 isolated Aspergillus spp and 21 isolated Penicillium spp), Order Mucorales (4 Mucor spp), Order Hypocreales (2 Acremonium spp, 1 Trichoderma spp and 1 Fusarium spp) and Order Saccharomycetales (2 Geotrichum spp). In the yeast distribution, it was observed the orders:Saccharomycetales (44 Candida spp) and Tremellales (5 Trichosporon spp). In the putrefaction stage, it was isolated the following orders: Eurotiales (Penicillium spp 2 and Aspergillus 2) and Hypocreales 1 (Acremonium spp). Regarding the yeasts, it was just isolated the Order Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 3). In the eskeletonization stage, the following orders were observed: Order Eurotiales (Aspergillus spp 22 and Penicillium spp 18), Order Mucorales (Mucor spp 10) and Order Hypocreales (Acremonium spp 2 and Trichoderma spp 1). Regarding the yeasts, two orders were found: Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 1) and Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 1). In the hair perforation test in vitro, it was positive in the bloated stage, differing of healthy adults,where the test was negative. For conclusion, Forensic Micology is still a rich field in data and fungi can come to be a tool in the aid of human post mortem diagnosis. / Com o evoluir das observaÃÃes mÃdico-legais, determinadas espÃcies de insetos e microrganismos foram descritos como indicadores de perÃodos da degradaÃÃo do corpo. Entretanto, a literatura cientÃfica ainda à escassa no campo da Micologia Forense. Assim, investigaram-se as caracterÃsticas microbiolÃgicas dos fungos partÃcipes na mudanÃa de flora post mortem em humanos, bem como estimou-se o valor da realizaÃÃo de exames micolÃgicos no estudo cronotanatolÃgico. Foram realizadas um total de 400 coletas em 60 corpos humanos (34 do perÃodo gasoso, 06 do coliquativo e 20 do esqueletizado) examinados no Instituto MÃdico-Legal de Fortaleza e em cemitÃrios do Estado do CearÃ. Foram realizados estudos macro/micromorfÃlogicos e testes bioquÃmicos especÃficos para cada grupamento fÃngico isolado. Aliado a tais anÃlises, foi tambÃm realizado o teste da perfuraÃÃo do pÃlo in vitro em pÃlos de cadÃveres no perÃodo gasoso e em pÃlos de adultos hÃgidos. Estas identificaÃÃes foram realizadas no Centro Especializado em Micologia MÃdica da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Com os resultados antropolÃgicos, foi observado que o sexo masculino, dos 31 aos 40 anos, foi o mais comumente acometido, sendo a capital (Fortaleza) a mais envolvida no nÃmero de mortes. No perÃodo gasoso, dentre os fungos filamentosos identificados, foi observada a presenÃa de quatro ordens: Eurotiales (63 isolados de Aspergillus spp e 21 de Penicillium spp), Mucorales (4 Mucor spp) e Hypocreales (2 Acremonium spp, 1 Trichoderma spp e 1 Fusarium spp) e Saccharomycetales (2 Geotrichum spp). No referente Ãs leveduras, verificaram-se as ordens: Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 44) e Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 5). No perÃodo coliquativo, registraram-se as ordens: Eurotiales (Penicillium spp 2 e Aspergillus 2) e Hypocreales 1 (Acremonium spp). No referente Ãs leveduras, isolou-se apenas a Ordem Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 3). No perÃodo de esqueletizaÃÃo, verificaram-se as seguintes ordens: Eurotiales (Aspergillus spp 22 e Penicillium spp 18), Mucorales (Mucor spp 10) e Hypocreales (Acremonium spp 2 e Trichoderma spp 1). No referente Ãs leveduras, registraram-se duas ordens: Tremellales (Trichosporon spp 1) e Saccharomycetales (Candida spp 1). Quanto ao teste de perfuraÃÃo do pÃlo in vitro, a positividade foi observada no perÃodo gasoso, diferindo de adultos hÃgidos, em que foi negativa. Conclui-se que o estudo da Micologia Forense ainda à um campo rico em dados e que os fungos poderÃo vir a ser uma ferramenta complementar no estudo do tempo de morte em Medicina Legal.
3

A Preliminary Study for Estimating Postmortem Interval of Fabric Degradation in Central Florida

Humbert, Lorraine L. 01 December 2013 (has links)
Forensic anthropologists rely on forensic evidence to estimate the postmortem interval of a decedent. This may include the study of the degree of deterioration of the human body, the life stage of insects, and the degradation of associated material evidence. Material evidence comes in many forms, and certain taphonomic processes will affect the material and must be considered when making inferences about a PMI. These include variables such as the characteristics of the soil, microorganisms, and the presence of a decaying organic material. Previous research has undertaken studies in how fabric degrades over time; however, there is no standard methodology in use. The purpose of this research project is to establish a comprehensive scoring system and description standard after analyzing the degradation of four different fabric types. This will be useful for future studies in need of a standard methodology. In addition, the methods used in this project can be applied to actual forensic cases. After retrieval, the fabric type with the highest degradation was the cotton with about 1/3 of all cotton fabric swatches demonstrating more than 50% total degradation. For all fabric types, swatches that were positioned flat tended to degrade more than those that were positioned crumpled. Cotton fabric swatches degraded more in Trench 1 and Trench 2 than the Ground Surface, however, all other fabric types demonstrated slightly more degradation on the Ground Surface than the other two Areas. Soil moisture fluctuated the most on the Ground Surface while Trench 1 and Trench 2 were able to retain more water in the soil. Overall, cotton was the only fabric type to degrade significantly enough to show how it degrades over time, while the other fabric types have longer degradation intervals that must be studied further.
4

Differential decomposition patterns of human remains in variable environments of the Midwest

Pope, Melissa A 01 June 2010 (has links)
Where do people die alone when they remain undiscovered for extended periods of time? Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) is critical to reconstructing the events surrounding a person's death and this is an area in which forensic anthropologists have played a leading role. This thesis applied an anthropological framework that takes a comprehensive approach to analyzing the demography of unaccompanied deaths, the relationships and timing of decomposition in multiple depositional contexts, and created a model for the prediction of accumulated degree days (ADD) for bodies within enclosures. While there have been extensive experimental and case study reviews on decomposition in outdoor environments, very little data exist for enclosed spaces. A retrospective analysis of 2003-2008 Nebraskan autopsy records demonstrates that most people dying alone are within their homes. Of the 87 forensic cases reviewed, 69 unaccompanied deaths occurred within enclosed environments. The value of retrospective studies in combination to experimental research is that the large number of variables that affect decompositional rates may be explored in a natural context. Multivariate models put emphasis on the dynamics of decompositional change and comprehensively address death and decomposition within an anthropological framework. For enclosed depositions, the PMI ranged from 1 - 66 days (n= 64, X¯=4.84, s.d.=9.1037) and the ADD ranged from 0 - 786 ADD (n=64, X¯=67.43, s.d.=120.275). Bass' (1997) model for outdoor surface decay was found to be an adequate predictor of the PMI for this sample (r=0.829, n=64, p These results provided support for the prediction of ADD as a measure of the rate of decomposition. Relationships among ADD and multiple intrinsic, extrinsic and epidemiological variables were identified and considered for a multiple linear regression model. Variables selected by the model included: decomposition odor, use of air conditioning/heat, marbling, brain liquefaction, and mummification. The model was found to account for 95.2% of the variation in ADD (Adjusted R² =0.952; F=40.807, df=5, 5 and p
5

A preliminary investigation into the estimation of time since death from human skeletal remains by radioisotope and trace element analysis

Howard, Sheridan January 2008 (has links)
One of the first concerns for forensic anthropologists in dealing with skeletal remains in the Australian context is the determination of whether the remains are of anthropological, historical or archaeological interest. If fewer than 75 years have elapsed since death, remains are classified as anthropological and of forensic interest. However, an accurate and reliable method for estimating time since death (TSD) from human skeletal remains has thus far eluded forensic anthropologists. This study investigates the application in an Australian context of a novel approach proposed by Swift (2001) to dating skeletal remains from their contained levels of radioisotopes 210Po, 238U and 226Ra and trace elements. Radionuclide activity concentrations were determined using alpha and gamma spectrometry. Trace element concentrations were measured on three separate occasions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Discriminant analysis of the combination of activity concentration values for 210Po, 238U and 226Ra indicated the possibility of separation of bones derived from individuals who had died in the three eras of interest. Additionally, variations in the concentration levels of specific trace elements and certain inter-element relationships between elements also showed significant correlations with TSD. The study could not be exhaustive as access to human skeletal material was limited and additionally, the archaeological material had a different origin and post-death history to material from the more recent past. However, trend lines for inter-relationships between specific metals and for radionuclides indicated that all material fitted the same generally projected trends and as such, inferences with respect to variations of trace elements and radionuclides could be made with confidence. Bone radionuclide activity and calcium concentrations were all significantly higher in bones from the archaeological era than those from more recent eras, while trace lead concentrations contained in samples from the more recent historical era were significantly higher than those from other eras. Barium, lanthanum, rubidium, strontium, cerium and neodymium concentrations were all significantly correlated with one another and with radionuclide activity concentrations. Differences were found between the patterns of radionuclide activity and trace element concentrations between the skull and femur. The results of this study lend support to suggestions that multivariate analysis of trace element concentrations and radionuclide activity levels could aid in the estimation of time since death from skeletal remains in Australia. Although this study made use of only a limited amount of material, results clearly indicated the need to take into account variations arising from lifetime activities, diagenesis and bone type in applying the techniques to estimations of time since death. It highlights the need for a large-scale study using bone of known ages that systematically examines these influences on the estimation of time since death.
6

Short-term effects of hydrated lime and quicklime on the decay of human remains using pig cadavers as human body analogues: Laboratory experiments

Schotsmans, Eline M.J., Denton, J., Fletcher, Jonathan N., Janaway, Robert C., Wilson, Andrew S. January 2014 (has links)
No / Contradictions and misconceptions regarding the effect of lime on the decay of human remains have demonstrated the need for more research into the effect of different types of lime on cadaver decomposition. This study follows previous research by the authors who have investigated the effect of lime on the decomposition of human remains in burial environments. A further three pig carcasses (Sus scrofa), used as human body analogues, were observed and monitored for 78 days without lime, with hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and with quicklime (CaO) in the taphonomy laboratory at the University of Bradford. The results showed that in the early stages of decay, the unlimed and hydrated lime cadavers follow a similar pattern of changes. In contrast, the application of quicklime instigated an initial acceleration of decay. Microbial investigation demonstrated that the presence of lime does not eliminate all aerobic bacteria. The experiment also suggested that lime functions as a sink, buffering the carbon dioxide evolution. This study complements the field observations. It has implications for the investigation of time since death of limed remains. Knowledge of the effects of lime on decomposition processes is of interest to forensic pathologists, archaeologists, humanitarian organisations and those concerned with disposal of animal carcasses or human remains in mass disasters.

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