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Commande Prédictive et les implications du retard / Model Predictive Control and Time-Delay ImplicationsLaraba, Mohammed-Tahar 22 November 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse est dédiée à l’analyse du retard (de calcul ou induit par la communication), qui représente un des paramètres sensibles, et qui doit être pris en compte, pour la mise en œuvre de la Commande Prédictive en temps réel d’un processus dynamique. Dans la première partie, nous avons abordé le problème d’existence des ensembles D-invariants et avons fourni par la suite des conditions nécessaires et/ou suffisantes pour l’existence de ces ensembles. En outre, nous avons détaillé quelques nouvelles idées sur la construction des ensembles D-invariants en utilisant des algorithmes itératifs et d’autres algorithmes basés sur des techniques d’optimisation à deux niveaux. La seconde partie a été consacrée à l’étude du problème de robustesse des systèmes linéaires discrets affectés par un retard variable en boucle fermée avec un contrôleur affine par morceaux défini sur une partition polyédrale de l’espace d’état. L’étude a porté sur l’analyse de la fragilité d’une telle loi commande en présence du retard dans la boucle. Nous avons décrit les marges d’invariance robustes définies comme étant le plus grand sous-ensemble de l’incertitude paramétrique pour lequel l’invariance positive est garantie par rapport à la dynamique en boucle fermée en présence du retard. La dernière partie de cette thèse s’est articulée autour de la conception des lois de commande prédictives avec un attention particulière aux modèles linéaires discrets décrivant des dynamiques affectées par des contraintes en présence du retard. Nous avons proposé plusieurs méthodes offrant différentes solutions au problème de stabilisation locale sans contrainte. Afin d’assurer la stabilité et de garantir la satisfaction des contraintes, nous avons exploité le concept d’invariance et à l’aide du formalisme "ensemble terminal-coût terminal", un problème d’optimisation a été formulé où les états sont forcés d’atteindre l’ensemble maximal admissible d’états retardés/D-invariant à la fin de l’horizon de prédiction. Enfin, nous avons étudié le problème de stabilisation des systèmes continus commandés en réseau soumis à des retards incertains et éventuellement variant dans le temps. Nous avons montré que les ensembles λ-D-contractifs peuvent être utilisés comme ensembles cibles où la stratégie de commande consiste en un simple problème de programmation linéaire ’LP’ qui peut être résolu en ligne. / The research conducted in this thesis has been focusing on Model Predictive Control (MPC) and the implication of network induced time-varying delays. We have addressed, in the first part of this manuscript, the existence problem and the algorithmic computation of positive invariant sets in the state space of the original discrete delay difference equation. The second part of these thesis has been devoted to the study of the robustness problem for a specific class of dynamical systems, namely the piecewise affine systems, defined over a polyhedral partition of the state space in the presence of variable input delay. The starting point was the construction of a predictive control law which guarantees the existence of a non-empty robust positive invariant set with respect to the closed-loop dynamic. The variable delay inducing in fact a model uncertainty, the objective was to describe the robust invariance margins defined as the largest subset of the parametric uncertainty for which the positive invariance is guaranteed with respect to the closed-loop dynamics in the presence of small and large delays. The last part has been dedicated to Model Predictive Control design with a specific attention to linear discrete time-delay models affected by input/state constraints. The starting point in the analysis was the design of a local stabilizing control law using different feedback structures. We proposed several design methods offering different solutions to the local unconstrained stabilization problem. In order to ensure stability and guarantee input and state constraints satisfaction of the moving horizon controller, the concept of positive invariance related to time-delay systems was exploited. Using the "terminal setterminal cost" design, the states were forced to attain the maximal delayed-state admissible set at the end of the prediction horizon. Finally, we have investigated the stabilization problem of Networked Control Systems ’NCSs’ subject to uncertain, possibly time-varying, network-induced delays. We showed that λ-D-contractive sets can be used as a target sets in a set induced Lyapunov function control fashion where a simple Linear Programming ’LP’ problem is required to be solved at each sampling instance.
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Robustness Bounds For Uncertain Sampled Data Systems With Presence of Time DelaysMulay, Siddharth Pradeep 09 August 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Dynamical Complexity of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems with Multiple DelaysTavakoli, Kamyar 23 October 2023 (has links)
The high-dimensional property of delay differential equations makes them useful for various purposes. The applications of systems modelled with delay differential equations demand different degrees of complexity. One solution to tune this property is to make the dynamics of the current state dependent on more delayed states. How the system responds to more delayed states depends on the system under study, as both decreases and increases in the complexity were observed in different nonlinear systems. However, it is also known that when there is an infinite number of delays that follow a continuous distribution, simpler dynamics usually expected due to the averaging over previous states that the delay kernel provides. The present thesis investigates the role of multiple delays in nonlinear time delay systems, as well as methods for evaluating their complexity. Through the use of pseudospectral differentiation, we first compute the Lyapunov exponents of such multi-delay systems. In systems with a large number of delays, chaos is found to be less likely to occur. However, in systems with oscillatory feedback functions, the entropy can increase just by adding a few delays. Our study also demonstrates that the transition to simpler dynamics in nonlinear delay systems can be either monotonous or abrupt. This is particularly true in first-order nonlinear systems, where increasing the width of the distribution of delays results in complexity collapse, even in the presence of a few discrete delays. The roots of the characteristic equation around a fixed point can be used to approximate the degree of complexity of the dynamics of such time-delay systems, as they can be linked to other dynamical invariants such as the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy.
The phenomenon of complexity collapse uncovered in our work was further studied in an 80/20 ratio excitatory-inhibitory neural network. We found that the smaller the time delay, the higher the likelihood of chaotic dynamics, and this also promotes asynchronous spiking activity. But for larger values of the delay, the neurons show synchronized oscillatory spiking activity. A global inhibition at a longer delay results in a novel dynamical pattern of randomly occurring epochs of synchrony within the chaotic dynamics.
The final part of the thesis examines the behavior of time delay reservoir computing when there are multiple time delays. It is shown that the choice of spacing between time delays is crucial, and depends on the task at hand. The system was studied for a prediction task with one chaotic input as well as for a mixture of two chaotic inputs. It was found that, similar to the single delay case, there is a resonance when the difference between delays is equal to the clock cycle. Together, our research provides valuable insights into the dynamics and complexity of nonlinear multi-delay systems and the importance of the spacing between delays.
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Nonlinear Identification and Control with Solar Energy ApplicationsBrus, Linda January 2008 (has links)
<p>Nonlinear systems occur in industrial processes, economical systems, biotechnology and in many other areas. The thesis treats methods for system identification and control of such nonlinear systems, and applies the proposed methods to a solar heating/cooling plant. </p><p>Two applications, an anaerobic digestion process and a domestic solar heating system are first used to illustrate properties of an existing nonlinear recursive prediction error identification algorithm. In both cases, the accuracy of the obtained nonlinear black-box models are comparable to the results of application specific grey-box models. Next a convergence analysis is performed, where conditions for convergence are formulated. The results, together with the examples, indicate the need of a method for providing initial parameters for the nonlinear prediction error algorithm. Such a method is then suggested and shown to increase the usefulness of the prediction error algorithm, significantly decreasing the risk for convergence to suboptimal minimum points. </p><p>Next, the thesis treats model based control of systems with input signal dependent time delays. The approach taken is to develop a controller for systems with constant time delays, and embed it by input signal dependent resampling; the resampling acting as an interface between the system and the controller.</p><p>Finally a solar collector field for combined cooling and heating of office buildings is used to illustrate the system identification and control strategies discussed earlier in the thesis, the control objective being to control the solar collector output temperature. The system has nonlinear dynamic behavior and large flow dependent time delays. The simulated evaluation using measured disturbances confirm that the controller works as intended. A significant reduction of the impact of variations in solar radiation on the collector outlet temperature is achieved, though the limited control range of the system itself prevents full exploitation of the proposed feedforward control. The methods and results contribute to a better utilization of solar power.</p>
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Design of a lower extremity mechatronic system to assist physically impaired individuals achieve a standing position.Gregory, Unéné N. January 2014 (has links)
M. Tech. Electrical Engineering. / The hypothesis states that a closed loop control system could be applied to a mechatronic system consisting of a mechanical device(s) to be fitted onto the user, and other relevant periphery mechanical devices, appropriately actuated to provide powered movement to assist the wheelchair-bound individual securely attain a standing position.The premise upon which the hypothesis was to be tested relates to the control system's ability to facilitate the upward movement proposed and its degree of stability when simulating the system, thus re-creating the anticipated functionality.
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Passive Acoustic Vessel LocalizationSuwal, Pasang Sherpa 01 January 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates the development of a low-cost passive acoustic system for localizing moving vessels to monitor areas where human activities such as fishing, snorkeling and poaching are restricted. The system uses several off-the-shelf sensors with unsynchronized clocks where the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) or time delay is extracted by cross-correlation of the signal between paired sensors. The cross-correlation function uses phase correlation or Phase Transform (PHAT) which whitens the cross-spectrum in order to de-emphasize dominant frequency components. Using the locations of pairs of sensors as foci, hyperbolic equations can be defined using the time delay between them. With three or more sensors, multiple hyperbolic functions can be calculated which intersect at a unique point: the boat's location. It is also found that increasing separation distances between sensors decreased the correlation between the signals. However larger separation distances have better localization capability than with small distances. Experimental results from the Columbia and Willamette Rivers are presented to demonstrate performance.
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Stability and Performance of Propulsion Control Systems with Distributed Control Architectures and FailuresBelapurkar, Rohit K. 22 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Optimal H-infinity controller design and strong stabilization for time-delay and mimo systemsGumussoy, Suat 29 September 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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H∞ analysis and control of time-delay systems by methods in frequency domain / Analyse et commande H∞ de systèmes à retard par des méthodes fréquentiellesFioravanti, André 28 June 2011 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, nous considérons l'analyse et la commande H∞ de systèmes continus à retards commensurables par des méthodes fréquentielles. Nous étudions tout d'abord le comportement asymptotique des chaînes de pôles et donnons des conditions de stabilité pour des systèmes de type neutre possédant des chaînes de pôles asymptotiques à l'axe imaginaire. La même analyse est effectuée dans le cas de systèmes fractionnaires. Nous proposons ensuite une méthode numérique qui fournit l'ensemble des fenêtres de stabilité ainsi que le lieu des racines instables pour des systèmes classiques et fractionnaires. Cette première partie de la thèse, dédiée à l'analyse, se termine par une étude des courbes de stabilité d'une classe de systèmes à retards distribués. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, qui s'intéresse à la synthèse, nous commençons par déterminer des contrôleurs PID pour des systèmes fractionnaires à retards, à l'aide du théorème du petit gain. Enfin, utilisant la substitution de Rekasius, nous construisons un système de comparaison linéaire invariant dans le temps qui nous fournit des informations sur la stabilité et la norme H∞ de systèmes à retards classiques. Cette approche nous permet de mettre au point pour ces systèmes des contrôleurs à retour d'état ou de sortie, ainsi que des filtres linéaires. / This thesis addresses the H∞ analysis and control of continuous commensurate time-delay systems by frequential methods. First, the asymptotic behavior of the chains of poles are studied, and the conditions of stability for neutral systems with poles approaching the imaginary axis are given. The same analysis is done for fractional systems. In the sequel, a numerical method able to locate all the stability windows as well as the unstable root-locus for classical and fractional system is given. We conclude the analysis part by providing the stability crossing curves of a class of distributed delay system. Starting the synthesis part, we design PID controllers for unstable fractional systems using a small-gain theorem approach. Finally, using the Rekasius substitution, we construct a linear time invariant comparison system that allows us to get information about stability and H∞-norm for classical time-delay systems. Using this approach it is possible to design state and output feedback controllers, as well as linear filters for this class of systems.
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Low-Order Controllers for Time-Delay Systems : an Analytical Approach / Contrôleur d'ordre réduit pour des systèmes à retard : une approche analytiqueMendez Barrios, César 19 July 2011 (has links)
Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse concernent des contributions à l’étude de stabilité des systèmes linéaires à retards avec contrôleurs d’ordre réduit. Cette mémoire est partagée en trois parties.La première partie est axée sur l’étude des systèmes linéaires à retard mono-entré /mono-sortie, bouclées avec un contrôleur de type PID. Inspiré par l’approche géométrique développée par Gu et al. Nous avons proposé une méthode analytique pour trouver la région (ou les régions) de tous les contrôleurs de type PID stabilisant pour le système à retard. Basée sur cette même approche, on a développé un algorithme pour calculer le dégrée de fragilité d’un contrôleur donné de type PID (PI, PD et PID).La deuxième partie de la thèse est axée sur l’étude de stabilité sous une approche NCS (pour son acronyme en anglais : Networked Control System). Plus précisément, nous avons d’abord étudié le problème de la stabilisation en tenant compte des retards induit par le réseau et les effets induits par la période d’échantillonnages. Pour mener une telle analyse nous avons adopté une approche basée sur la théorie des perturbations. Finalement, dans la troisième partie de la thèse nous abordons certains problèmes concernant le comportement des zéros d’une certaine classe de systèmes échantillonnés mono-entré /mono-sortie. Plus précisément, étant donné un système à temps continu, on obtient les intervalles d’échantillonnage garantissant l’invariance du nombre de zéros instables dans chaque intervalle. Pour développer cette analyse, nous adoptons une approche basée sur la perturbation aux valeurs propres. / The research work presented in this thesis concern to the stability analysis of linear time-delay systems with low-order controllers. This thesis is divided into three parts.The first part of the thesis focus on the study of linear SISO (single-input/single-output) systems with input/output delays, where the feedback loop is closed with a controller of PID-type. Inspired by the geometrical approach developed by Gu et al. we propose an analytical method to find the stability regions of all stabilizing controllers of PID-type for the time-delay system. Based on this same approach, we propose an algorithm to calculate the degree of fragility of a given controller of PID- type (PI, PD and PID).The second part of the thesis focuses on the stability analysis of linear systems under an NCS (Networked System Control) based approach. More precisely, we first focus in the stabilization problem by taking into account the induced network delays and the effects induced by the sampling period. To carry out such an analysis we have adopted an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.Finally, in the third part of the thesis we tackle certain problems concerning to the behavior of the zeros of a certain class of sampled-data SISO systems. More precisely, given a continuous-time system, we obtain the sampling intervals guaranteeing the invariance of the number of unstable zeros in each interval. To perform such an analysis, we adopt an eigenvalue perturbation-based approach.
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